Jagora ga mafari aquarist

Zaɓin girman akwatin kifaye

Girman akwatin kifaye ya dogara da abubuwa da yawa. Da farko, girman ɗakin, da kuma kifin da ake so, yana da mahimmanci. Ƙidaya ta yadda kowane santimita na kifi ya sami lita 1 na ruwa. Tabbatar yin lissafi bisa girman girman kifin (duba tare da kantin sayar da dabbobi zuwa girman girman dabbobin ku). Girman ƙasa dole ne ya zama aƙalla 60 cm x 35 cm. 

Babban akwatin kifaye yana da sauƙin kulawa fiye da ƙarami. 

Wuraren Sanya

Zaɓi wuri don akwatin kifaye inda ba za ku motsa shi ba. Da fatan za a lura cewa bayan kun cika akwatin kifaye da ruwa da kayan ado, zai yi muku wahala sosai don matsar da shi, kuma, lokacin sake tsara shi, zaku iya karya amincinsa. 

Kada ku shigar da akwatin kifaye kusa da ƙofar - kifi zai kasance cikin damuwa kullum. Matsayin da ya dace yana da nisa daga taga, kwanciyar hankali, wurare masu duhu a cikin dakin. Idan kun sanya akwatin kifaye kusa da taga, hasken rana zai haifar da haɓakar algae-kore, kuma kusurwar yanayin ku zata juya zuwa fadama mai fure. 

Installation

Mafi sau da yawa, masana'antun akwatin kifaye kuma suna ba da matakan ƙafa na musamman. Idan ba a shigar da akwatin kifaye a kan wata hukuma ta musamman ba, to, tabbatar da cewa tsayawar ya tsaya tare da shimfidar shimfidar wuri daidai (duba tare da matakin). 

Bayan kun shigar da tsayawar, sanya kumfa polystyrene mai kauri mai laushi 5 mm akan shi. Kwancen zai rage nauyin gilashin kuma ya guje wa fasa. Ba a buƙatar kumfa mai laushi mai laushi don aquariums tare da firam ɗin filastik na musamman wanda ke kusa da kewayen ƙasa. 

Ana shirya akwatin kifaye

Dole ne a wanke sabon akwatin kifaye sosai kafin shigarwa. Duk kayan haɗi don akwatin kifaye (buckets, scrapers, soso, da dai sauransu) dole ne kada su hadu da wanki da sauran sinadarai. Ya kamata a yi amfani da su kawai don akwatin kifaye. Gilashi, ciki da waje, kada a taɓa wanke shi da sinadarai na gida na yau da kullun. Zai fi kyau a wanke akwatin kifaye da ruwan zafi da tsumma ko soso.

Bayan kun wanke akwatin kifaye, cika shi da ruwa kuma ku bar shi har tsawon sa'o'i 2-3 don duba tsangwama. Idan a wannan lokacin ruwan ba ya shiga ko'ina, to, za ku iya ci gaba da shigarwa da cikawa.

Kayan aiki

Aquarium karamin tsibiri ne na yanayi, don haka, don ƙirƙirar yanayin da ake buƙata don adana kifi da shuke-shuke, ana buƙatar kayan aiki: 

• hita, 
• tace, 
• compressor, 
• ma'aunin zafi da sanyio, 
• fitila (lighting).

Wuta

Ga yawancin kifin kifin aquarium, yawan zafin jiki na al'ada shine 24-26 C. Saboda haka, yawancin ruwa yana buƙatar zafi. Idan dakinka yana da dumi, kuma ruwan da ke cikin akwatin kifaye ba tare da dumama na musamman ya kasance a matakin 24-26 C, to, zaka iya yin ba tare da mai zafi ba. Idan tsakiyar dumama ba ya jimre wa wannan aiki, za ka iya amfani da akwatin kifaye heaters da thermostat. 

Masu dumama tare da mai sarrafawa da kansu suna kula da yanayin zafin da kuka saita. Ana rufe injin ɗin, don haka dole ne a nutsar da shi gaba ɗaya a cikin ruwa don ruwan ya wanke injin kuma ya yi zafi daidai (ba za ku iya cire na'urar kawai daga ruwan ba bayan cire haɗin daga tushen wutar lantarki). 

Ana ƙididdige aikin na hita bisa ga yawan zafin jiki na ɗakin da akwatin kifaye yake. A cikin dakin dumi, inda bambanci tare da zafin jiki na ruwa bai wuce 3 C ba, 1 W na wutar lantarki da lita 1 na ruwa ya isa. Mafi girman bambanci a yanayin iska da ruwa, mafi ƙarfin wutar lantarki dole ne ya kasance. Zai fi kyau idan mai zafi yana da ƙarin iko idan akwai sanyi a cikin ɗakin (jimilar makamashi don samar da zafi iri ɗaya ne). 

A cikin akwatin kifaye tare da kifin zinare, ba a buƙatar mai zafi!

Lamba

Hasken walƙiya ba wai kawai yana taimakawa mafi kyawun nunin kifin ba, yana kuma haɓaka photosynthesis, muhimmin tsari ga tsirrai. Don haskakawa a cikin aquariums na ruwa, ana amfani da fitilun mai kyalli ko haske mai haske (LED).

Ranar wurare masu zafi yana ɗaukar sa'o'i 12-13, kuma saboda haka, aquarium ya kamata a haskaka don wannan adadin lokaci. Da dare, ana kashe hasken wuta, ya fi dacewa don amfani da mai ƙidayar lokaci don wannan, wanda zai kunna fitila da kashe ku, ba manta da yin wannan ba.

Tace

Za a iya raba matatun kifin aquarium zuwa manyan azuzuwan 3 - na waje, na ciki da na iska. Ana shigar da matatar waje a wajen akwatin kifaye, yawanci a cikin matattara. Ruwa yana shiga ta cikin hoses kuma ya dawo cikin akwatin kifaye ta hanyar su. Masu tacewa na waje sun ɗan fi na ciki tsada, amma sun fi inganci kuma ba sa ɗaukar sarari a cikin akwatin kifaye. Masu tacewa na ciki sun fi rahusa, suna jure wa lodi da yawa a cikin akwatin kifaye tare da ƙaramin adadin kifi. Koyaya, zasu buƙaci tsaftacewa sau da yawa fiye da na waje. Airlift yana da kyau ga shrimp aquariums, waɗannan masu tacewa an haɗa su tare da compressor.

Compressor (aeration)

Kifi yana numfashi iskar oxygen da aka narkar da a cikin ruwa, don haka ana samar da iskar oxygen akai-akai tare da taimakon kwampreso. An shigar da shi a waje da akwatin kifaye, an haɗa shi ta hanyar bututu zuwa mai fesa, wanda aka shigar a kasan akwatin kifaye. Idan an shigar da compressor a ƙasa da matakin ruwa, dole ne a saka bawul ɗin da ba zai dawo ba a cikin bututun don hana ruwa shiga cikin kwampreso a yayin da wutar lantarki ta ƙare. Dole ne compressor ya kasance yana da irin wannan ƙarfin wanda zai iya huda dukkan ginshiƙin ruwa tare da rafi na iska ta hanyar atomizer. Zai zama da amfani don shigar da famfo akan bututun don daidaita motsin iska.

Ground

Ƙasa ita ce tushen nasarar kifi da kula da shuka. Yana haifar da kyakkyawan wurin zama ga ƙwayoyin cuta da ake buƙata don rushe abubuwa masu cutarwa. Bugu da ƙari, yana riƙe da tsire-tsire. Don tsire-tsire su sami tushe sosai, ya zama dole a sami wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki. Don yin wannan, zaka iya amfani da ƙasa mai gina jiki (kamar ƙasa). Ana rarraba ƙasa mai gina jiki a kan dukkan farfajiyar ƙasa, kuma an riga an rufe shi da dutse mai laushi (3-4 mm). 

Tsakuwar dutse yakamata ya zama santsi don kada kifaye (misali, kifin) ya ji rauni a kai. Yana da kyawawa cewa tsakuwa ya yi duhu, saboda. farin yana haifar da damuwa da damuwa a cikin kifi. Kafin zuba tsakuwa a cikin akwatin kifaye, ya zama dole a wanke shi sosai a ƙarƙashin ruwa mai gudu don wanke ɓangarorin da suka wuce kima waɗanda zasu iya gurɓata ruwan.

Shuke-shuke

Tsire-tsire suna yin ayyuka masu mahimmanci da yawa a cikin akwatin kifaye. Tsire-tsire suna ƙirƙirar tsarin tacewa mai inganci. Musamman tsire-tsire masu saurin girma suna sha ammonium da nitrate, suna sauke ruwa. A lokacin photosynthesis, tsire-tsire suna ɗaukar carbon dioxide kuma suna sanya oxygenate ruwa. Har ila yau, tsire-tsire suna ba da jituwa da kwanciyar hankali a cikin akwatin kifaye, suna zama kariya ga matasa kifi daga maƙwabta masu fama da yunwa kuma, kasancewa matsuguni, suna taimakawa kifin ya kawar da damuwa.

Ana shuka tsire-tsire ta hanyar da ƙananan nau'in nau'in girma suke a gaba. Tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsayi masu tsayi sun dace da tsarin tsakiya. Dogayen tsire-tsire sun fi kyau sanya su a baya da kuma a tarnaƙi. 

Dole ne a kwashe tsire-tsire na aquarium a cikin ruwa. Kafin dasa shuki, yanke tukwici na tushen kadan tare da almakashi masu kaifi kuma cire sluggish da ganyayyaki masu lalacewa. Matse rami a cikin ƙasa da yatsa kuma saka tushen a hankali, yayyafa shi da tsakuwa. Sanya tsakuwa da ƙarfi sannan a ja shukar sama kaɗan don daidaita tushen. Bayan an dasa tsire-tsire, za ku iya cika akwatin kifaye da ruwa kuma ku ƙara shirye-shiryen ruwa.

Godiya ga ƙasa mai gina jiki, tsire-tsire za su yi tushe da sauri kuma suyi girma sosai. Bayan makonni 4-6, yakamata a fara hadi na yau da kullun. Tsire-tsire masu shayar da sinadarai ta ganyen su suna buƙatar takin ruwa. Tsire-tsire da ke sha na gina jiki ta tushensu na iya amfana daga kwamfutar hannu ta taki.

A cikin akwatin kifaye tare da kifin herbivorous na manyan nau'ikan, yana da kyau a maye gurbin shuke-shuke masu rai waɗanda ke samar da shimfidar wuri mai ado tare da na wucin gadi (don guje wa cin su), kuma tsakanin masu rai, ba da fifiko ga nau'ikan girma da sauri.

Water

A cikin yanayi, a cikin sake zagayowar akai-akai, tsarkakewa da haifuwa na ruwa yana faruwa. A cikin akwatin kifaye, muna tallafawa wannan tsari tare da kayan aiki na musamman da samfuran kulawa. Ana amfani da ruwa don akwatin kifaye na yau da kullun daga ruwan famfo mai sanyi. Ba a ba da shawarar yin amfani da ruwan famfo mai zafi da ruwa tare da ions na azurfa ba. Don hana zaizayar ƙasa, ana zuba ruwa a farantin da aka sanya a ƙasa.

Dole ne a shirya ruwan famfo kafin a zuba a cikin akwatin kifaye!

Don shirya ruwa, ana amfani da na'urori na musamman (kada a rikita batun tare da kwandishan don wanke tufafi!), Wanda ke ɗaure da kuma kawar da abubuwa a cikin ruwa. Akwai kayan aikin da ke ba ka damar saka kifi a cikinsa a ranar farko bayan shigar da akwatin kifaye. Idan kun yi amfani da kwandishan na al'ada, to kuna buƙatar jira kwanaki 3-4 bayan shirya ruwan, sannan kawai fara kifi.

Tsara a kwastan 

Ƙirƙiri isassun wuraren ɓoye don kifi. Musamman suna son kogo da za a iya gina su daga manyan duwatsu, da kuma kayan ado na kayan ado, da dai sauransu. Sai kawai kayan aikin katako na musamman sun dace da kayan ado. Itacen da kuke tattarawa zai lalace a cikin akwatin kifaye, yana sakin abubuwa masu cutarwa a cikin ruwa. Duwatsun da ke ɗauke da lemun tsami ko ƙarfe ba su dace ba. Zai fi kyau a rufe gine-ginen dutse tare da manne aquarium na silicone a wuraren tuntuɓar don kada su faɗi saboda kifaye masu aiki. 

Kada ku wuce gona da iri tare da kayan ado - yana da mahimmanci a bar isasshen sarari kyauta don kifin ya yi iyo.

Rushewar halittu na abubuwa masu cutarwa

Daga ragowar abinci, najasar kifi, matattun sassan shuke-shuke, da dai sauransu sun fara samuwa, bisa ga ƙimar pH, ammonium ko ammonia. Sakamakon lalacewa na gaba, nitrite yana farawa da farko, sannan nitrate. Ammoniya da nitrite suna da haɗari sosai ga kifi, musamman lokacin fara akwatin kifaye. Don haka, lokacin da za a fara kifayen kifaye, kar a manta da ku zuba a cikin akwatin kifaye wani samfurin ruwa na musamman wanda ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin cuta na nitrifying na musamman waɗanda ke lalata samfuran lalata furotin waɗanda ke da haɗari ga kifi. 

Nitrates ba su kara rushewa a cikin akwatin kifaye ba kuma tace don haka suna tarawa. A babban taro, suna inganta haɓakar algae maras so. Ana iya rage ƙimar nitrate da yawa ta hanyar canjin ruwa na yau da kullun (15-20% mako-mako) da kuma girma girma tsire-tsire (misali hornwort, elodea) a cikin akwatin kifaye. 

Fishes

Lokacin siyan kifi, bai kamata mutum ya tafi da shi kawai ta bayyanar su ba, wajibi ne a yi la'akari da halayen halayen su, ƙimar ƙimar ƙarshe da fasali na kulawa. Zai fi kyau a haɗa waɗannan kifin da ke cikin ruwa daban-daban, da kuma kifin da ke cin algae da kifin kifi. Yawancin kifayen kifaye ana kiyaye su a yanayin zafin ruwa na kusan 25 C kuma a pH tsaka tsaki (6,5-7,5). Don kada a cika yawan kifin aquarium kuma a lissafta adadin kifin daidai, dole ne a la'akari da cewa a cikin girman ƙarshe, kusan 1 cm na tsayin kifin babba yakamata ya faɗi akan lita 1 na ruwa.

Sai kawai bayan an riga an yi ado da akwatin kifaye, an dasa shi da tsire-tsire; tace, hita da aikin hasken wuta kamar yadda aka zata; gwaje-gwaje suna nuna ingancin ruwa mai kyau - zaka iya tafiyar da kifi.

Duk wani ƙaura sauyin yanayi ne kuma koyaushe yana da damuwa, don haka ya kamata a la'akari da waɗannan abubuwan:

• Ya kamata sufuri ya wuce fiye da sa'o'i 2 (idan babu ƙarin iska).
• Lokacin dasawa kifi, yana da kyau a kashe hasken wuta, saboda. kifi sun fi natsuwa cikin duhu.
• Canjin wurin zama ya kamata ya faru a hankali, don haka, lokacin dasawa, ba a ba da shawarar zuba kifin nan da nan a cikin akwatin kifaye ba, amma yana da kyau a saukar da buɗaɗɗen buhun cikin ruwa don ya sha ruwa, kuma a hankali zuba ruwan kifin a cikin ruwa. jaka na rabin sa'a.

Ciyar

Lafiya da juriya na jikin kifin ya dogara da tunani, abincin da aka zaɓa da kuma samar da bitamin. Abincin ya kamata ya bambanta, an shirya shi akan samfurori masu inganci. 

Adadin abincin da aka bayar yakamata yayi daidai da bukatun kifin. Ciyarwar kada ta kasance cikin ruwa fiye da mintuna 15-20. Idan har yanzu abinci ya kasance, dole ne a cire shi tare da mai tsabtace ƙasa don hana yawan cin kifi da acidification na ruwa.