Amazon aku nau'in

Amazon parrots suna da ban sha'awa sosai kuma tsuntsaye masu basira. Mun koyi game da fasalin halayensu, abubuwan da suke so na abinci da halayensu ga mutum a cikin labarin. Amazons. Ba asiri ba ne cewa nau'ikan nau'ikan waɗannan halittu masu hankali da haske suna da yawa. Kowane aku yana da nasa zest: ko yana da wani waje bambanci daga dangi, wani siffa na mazauninsu a cikin yanayi ko wata baiwa ga raira waƙa, magana, sadarwa tare da mutane.

Ana bayyana dukiyar Amazais ba kawai tsakanin kasashe ba, amma a cikin kowane nau'in, kowane tsuntsu hali ne wanda zai iya bambanta da dangi.

Ta fuskar hankali, aku na Amazon sune na biyu a bayan aku mai launin toka na Afirka, ba su da wahala a horar da su, kamar yadda tsuntsayen kansu ke jawo hankalin mutane.

Tsuntsu mai farin ciki da ke zaune cikin aminci da ƙauna tare da mai shi yana iya burge kowane mutum da ƙauna, ibada da kyautatawa. Dangantakar da ke tsakanin Amazon da mai ita tana da zurfi sosai kuma tana da ban sha'awa, tsuntsun yana "numfashi" tare da abokinsa, ya zama wani muhimmin bangare na rayuwar mutum wanda ba tare da wani abu daya da zai bar ba tare da kulawa ba.

Domin sanin Amazons da kyau, bari mu kalli kowane nau'in daki-daki yadda zai yiwu. Ba wai kawai zai zama sauƙi a gare ku don kewaya lokacin zabar nau'in aku ba, amma fahimtar versatility na waɗannan tsuntsaye, sabon abu da darajar zai zo.

A cikin nau'i-nau'i daban-daban, yawan nau'in aku na iya zuwa daga 26 zuwa 32. Mun jera nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan 30, gami da kwanan nan da aka gano: Amazona kawalli kuma an ambaci biyu da ba a taɓa gani ba: Amazona violacea da Amazona martinica.

Amazon muller

 (Amazona farinosa - "Four Amazon")

Habitat: gandun daji masu zafi na Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka, a arewacin Brazil.

Mafi girman nau'in Amazons, girman jikin tsuntsu shine 38-42 cm, nauyin 550-700 g. Akwai kamanni na waje da Amazona ochrocephala oratrix, nau'in nau'in launin rawaya na Amazon Surinamese.

Launi na aku shine kore tare da launin toka-fari "foda", wanda ya ba shi launi mai banƙyama da kuma tasirin da ake yi da gari tare da gari. Ana iya ganin tabo rawaya a gaban kai a wasu mutane. A bayan kai, an yi ado da gashin fuka-fukan tare da iyakar launin toka-violet, zoben ido suna da fari. Ninki na fuka-fuki shine ja-zaitun ko ja-yellow, ƙarshen gashin fuka-fukan jirgin su ne purple-fari.

Babu dimorphism na jima'i.

Don rayuwa a cikin zaman talala, tsuntsaye suna buƙatar shinge mai faɗi da daidaitaccen abinci, la'akari da bukatun mutum na wannan nau'in (saboda rashin abinci mai gina jiki, aku sau da yawa suna fama da rashin bitamin A). Suna samun nauyi da sauri kuma yanayinsu na kiba yana da illa ga yanayin tsuntsu.

Yana da matukar mahimmanci don kula da aikin jiki akai-akai a cikin Amazons. Muller's Amazons tsuntsaye ne masu yawan hayaniya, cikin sauki suna manne da mutane. A lokacin lokacin jima'i, za su iya zama masu tayar da hankali ga wasu mutane da tsuntsaye. Aku zai yi kishi don kare mai shi daga hulɗa da wasu kuma yana buƙatar kulawa mara rarraba. 

An raba nau'in Amazon Muller zuwa nau'ikan nau'ikan 5, wasu majiyoyi sun nuna 3, dalilin rashin jituwa tsakanin masu haraji zai bayyana a kasa:

• Amazona farinosa farinosa ita ce zaɓaɓɓen nau'ikan nau'ikan da ke da babban facin kai na rawaya.
• Amazin Fasinosa ta tazara ta fi na nadin rassa, plumage rawaya kusan ba ya nan daga kan kore.
• Amazona farinosa chapmani - ya bambanta da inornata kawai a cikin girman girmansa, don haka wasu masana kimiyyar ilimin halitta sun haɗa su zuwa nau'i ɗaya - inornata.
• Amazona farinosa virenticeps - launi na dukan jikin wannan nau'in nau'i ne mai launin rawaya-kore, kuma goshi da frenulum suna kore tare da dan kadan blue tint.

Amazona farinosa guatemalae - a cikin Turanci kafofin za ka iya samun sanarwa cewa wannan aku ne blue-kan Amazon. Babban ɓangaren kai shuɗi ne, amma a hankali, juya baya, launi ya zama launin toka. Furen da ke kan ninkan reshe yana da launin rawaya-kore. Parrots suna kama da nau'ikan nau'ikan virenticeps, sai dai launin kai.

Royal (St. Vincent) Amazon

 (Amazona guildingii)

Wurin zama: Dazuzzukan dazuzzukan wurare masu zafi na tsibirin St. Vincent.

Launin aku yana da kyau sosai: kore da zaitun tint akan fuka-fukan baya na zinariya. Shugaban lemu ne, goshi da gaban kai fari ne mai santsin canji zuwa rawaya. Kunci da wurin da ke kusa da kunnuwa shuɗi-violet ne, cikin aku launin ruwan zinari ne.

A ƙarshen karni na 500, saboda haramtacciyar tarkon tsuntsaye, farautarsu da lalata wuraren zama, adadin mutane a cikin jama'a ya kasance kusan tsuntsaye XNUMX kawai. A yau wannan nau'in yana da kariya ta CITES.

amazon sarki

(Kaiser's Amazon) (Amazona imperialis)

Habitat: gandun daji na wurare masu zafi da tsaunuka na Ƙananan Antilles da Tsibirin Dominican.

Mafi girman nau'in Amazons, girman jikin ya kai 47 cm. Babban launi na aku kore ne tare da firam mai duhu, goshi da kumatun shuɗi-launin ruwan kasa, kunnuwa kuma ja-launin ruwan kasa. Kai, wuya da ciki shuɗi ne.

A cikin sararin sama, amazon na daular da ke tashe yana kama da tsuntsun ganima: girmansa mai ban sha'awa, bugun fuka-fukan da ba kasafai ba da kuma ikon tsayawa kan igiyoyin iska na dogon lokaci na iya yaudarar duk wani mai kallo.

Babu dimorphism na jima'i a cikin wannan nau'in aku. Gidan Amazons na Imperial a cikin ramukan bishiyoyi, zuriya a cikin nau'in kaji daya suna bayyana sau ɗaya kawai a cikin shekaru biyu.

Parrots suna iya yin kururuwa da ƙarfi tare da nau'ikan innabi daban-daban, waɗanda suka fi kama da sautin da bututu ke yi.

Wani nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i) nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i. A ƙarshen karni na ashirin, yawan jama'a ya ƙunshi mutane 100 kawai. Wannan nau'in ya sha wahala daga tarko da farauta ba bisa ka'ida ba, da sare itatuwa da kuma guguwa mai tsanani - suna lalata wuraren zama. Imperial Amazons suna da kariya ta CITES.

Alamar Amazon

 (binciken Amazon)

Habitat: gandun daji na araucaria na kudancin Brazil, ƙaura na yanayi zuwa arewa maso gabashin Argentina da Paraguay.

Koren tsuntsu mai launin ja a kusa da idanu, a kan goshi, a kan folds na fuka-fuki da kuma gashin fuka-fukan jirgin na tsari na farko. Gefen fuka-fukan jirgin shuɗi ne. A cikin mata, yawan gashin fuka-fukan ja a kan fuka-fuki na farko bai wuce guda 6 ba, gefuna suna kore.

Tsuntsu da ba kasafai ba saboda lalatar muhallin da mafarauta suka kama. Godiya ga kariyar gwamnatin Brazil, adadin mutane a cikin jama'a ya karu zuwa tsuntsaye na 1997 zuwa 16000.

Biki (biki, shuɗi-gemu) Amazon

 (Bikin Amazon)

Wurin zama: Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Amazon da dazuzzukan Orinoco.

Tsuntsun yana da launin kore mai duhu tare da bakin iyaka baƙar fata a sashin jiki na sama. A gaban goshi akwai jajayen dila mai miqewa zuwa idanu, bridle ɗin ja ne ja jajayen, kasan na baya jajaye ne. Gilashi mai shuɗi-blue daga idanu, dan kadan "taba" kunci, yana zuwa makogwaro. An yi wa ƙwanƙwasa da wurin da ke saman idanuwa ado da shuɗi. Fuka-fukan jirgin na oda na farko kore ne kuma masu gefuna da rawaya, yayin da na biyu na gashin fuka-fukan jirgin su ne shudi-violet.

Bikin Amazon ya ƙunshi nau'o'i biyu:

• Amazona festiva festiva shine nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i.
• Amazona festiva bodini - ƙarin cikakkun inuwa na plumage, launin rawaya mai haske, kusan bridle baki, da ratsin shunayya sama da idanu.

Aku mai saurin fahimta wanda za'a iya koya masa zance da dabaru.

Duk da cewa an rarraba wannan nau'in a matsayin ɗan ɗari, duk da haka, tsawon rayuwar tsuntsu shine kawai shekaru 24,5.

Farin gaba (jajayen ido) Amazon

 (Amazon albifron)

Habitat: daga gandun daji na wurare masu zafi na Amurka ta tsakiya zuwa arewacin Costa Rica. Bambance-bambancen farar gaban Amazon a cikin girmansa shine 26 cm, nauyi gram 370 - wannan shine mafi ƙarancin nau'in Amazon.

Tsuntsun yana da launin kore, tare da farar tabo a goshinsa, idanun suna da jan “glass”, akwai wasu fuka-fukan shudi a bayan kai. A cikin kajin, farar tabo ya fi ƙanƙanta kuma yana jefa rawaya, jajayen gefuna kuma ya fi kunkuntar kuma kodadde. Maza suna da ratsin ja a fikafikansu, mata suna da idanu ja-launin ruwan kasa. Fuka-fukan tashi shuɗi ne, ciki da ƙarƙashin wutsiya masu launin rawaya-kore.

Tsawon rayuwa shine kusan shekaru 50. Wannan nau'in Amazon ya shahara sosai a tsakanin masoya tsuntsaye. Parrots ba su da fa'ida, ko da yake suna kula da ƙananan yanayin zafi, kamar duk Amazons.

Amazona albifrons ya kasu kashi uku:

• Amazona albifrons albifrons, farar gaban Amazon shine nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan.
• Amazona albifrons nana, Karamin farar gaban Amazon - ɗan ƙarami fiye da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan ƙima, waɗanda ba su fi 24 cm ba.
• Amazona albifrons saltuensis, Sonorian farar gaban Amazon, an bambanta shi da launin shuɗi-kore.

Blue-gaba (ja-kafada) Amazon

 (Amazon bazara)

Habitat: gandun daji masu zafi na Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia da Paraguay.

Tsuntsaye masu launin kore tare da tabo mai launin shuɗi a goshin, wanda, saboda bambancin inuwa a cikin kowane mutum, ya sa ya yiwu a bambanta kowane aku a cikin garken. Maƙogwaro, kunci da rawaya. Babu dimorphism na jima'i a cikin wannan nau'in.

Amazona aestiva ya kasu kashi biyu: Amazona aestiva aestiva (Linnaeus, 1758), wanda shine sunan Amazona aestiva xanthopteryx (Berlepsch, 1896).

Nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan gashin fuka-fukan suna da launin ja a gindin reshe, kuma Amazon mai rawaya mai rawaya a wuri guda a kan babban fiffike an yi masa ado da gashin fuka-fukan rawaya tare da facin ja.

Blue-front Amazons suna da tsayi, shekarun tsuntsaye a cikin bauta na iya kai shekaru 90.

Shahararrun nau'in aku don kiyaye gida, kodayake kiwo na kama yana da wuya. Parrots ne quite wuya a kan yanayi. Ko da a cikin sararin samaniya da jin dadi, tsuntsaye za su iya amfani da yanayin fiye da shekara guda, amma idan suna son wurin, to, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan za ku shaida bayyanar da 'ya'ya da aka maimaita daga parrots.

Tsuntsaye cikin sauƙi parody sauti da magana na mutane, su ne quite talented a iri-iri na dabaru. Suna iya ko da yaushe gane mai su a cikin taron. Red-kafada Amazons suna iya yin yanke sauti, don haka yana da kyau a horar da tsuntsu. Godiya ga tarbiyya, da wuya za ku ji irin wannan kukan daga gare su.

Amazons masu launin shuɗi suna kula da yanayin iska ƙasa da 12C. Sanyin iska yana da illa ga waɗannan tsuntsaye, ko da na ɗan lokaci kaɗan.

Blue-capped (lilac-head) Amazon

 (Mahaya finschi)

Habitat: gandun daji na coniferous da oak, gandun daji na wurare masu zafi na yammacin Mexico.

Launi shine kore, goshi da gaban kai sune shuɗi-launin ruwan kasa, gashin fuka-fukan kai suna da launin shuɗi-lilac, wanda ke wucewa daga bayan kai zuwa wuyansa - tsuntsu yana da kaho a kansa, ciki kalar lemo ne. Zoben da ke kusa da idanu sun yi launin toka. Fuka-fukan jirgin na oda na biyu shuɗi-violet ne, fuka-fukan na farko guda biyar suna da jajayen aibobi.

Sakamakon hare-haren da ake kai wa gonakin ayaba akai-akai, ana daukar su kamar kwari.

Tun daga 2004, CITES tana kiyaye wannan nau'in. Yawan jama'ar Amazons masu launin shuɗi ya ƙunshi mutane 7-000.

Blue-cheeked (orange-winged) Amazon

 (Amazona Dufresnian)

Wurin zama: mangroves, gandun daji na wurare masu zafi da bakin kogi a arewa maso gabashin Brazil, a Suriname, Guyana, kudancin Venezuela.

Koren aku mai bakin iyaka a saman jiki. Kunci da makogwaro sun yi shuɗi-shuɗi, goshi da laƙabi rawaya ne. Akwai ratsin orange a gefen reshe.

Wani nau'in da ba kasafai ba.

fuskar shudi

(Sentlusian, Multi-launi) Amazon (Amazona versicolor)

Wurin zama: gangaren dazuzzukan dazuzzukan tsaunuka masu ɗorewa na Ƙananan Antilles (St. Lucia).

Babban tsuntsu (43 cm), babban launi kore ne. Tushen kai, kunci da kunnuwa shuɗi ne, gaban goshi shuɗi-violet ne. A wasu fuskokin shuɗi, ana iya ganin tabo ja akan ƙirji. Fuka-fukan tashi na tsari na farko sune shuɗi-violet, tsari na biyu kore ne tare da gefuna blue-violet. An yi ado da matsanancin gashin fuka-fukan da jan tabo.

Wani nau'in Amazons wanda ke kan gab da bacewa saboda shekaru da yawa na farautar waɗannan tsuntsaye ba tare da kulawa ba, kawar da mazauninsu na halitta. Abin takaici, a ƙarshen karni na 400, yawan jama'a ya ragu zuwa 1980 tsuntsaye. Tun da XNUMX, Amazon mai launin shuɗi ya kasance tsuntsu na ƙasa na tsibirin. Saint Lucia.

Giya-breasted (giya-ja, tattabara) Amazon

 (Amazona vinacea)

Wuraren zama: gandun daji na pine, gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, gangaren dutse da gandun daji na yankin kudu maso yammacin Brazil, Paraguay da Argentina.

Babban launi na plumage shine kore, iyakar gashin fuka-fukan baƙar fata yana gudana tare da kai da baya. Ƙaƙwalwar baki da bridle ja ne, an ƙawata makogwaro da ciki da gashin fuka-fukan ruwan inabi mai launin baki da shuɗi.

Aku-breasted ruwan inabi suna gab da bacewa saboda dalilai iri ɗaya da sauran nau'ikan aku: farauta da asarar wuraren zama saboda sare dazuzzuka ga ƙasar noma.

Jajayen fuska (rawaya-kunci) Amazon

 (Amazona autumnalis)

Habitat: gandun daji na wurare masu zafi na kudancin Ecuador, Kudancin Amirka da Gabashin Mexico.

Tsuntsu mai haske da kyan gani. Fentin goshin ja ne, kumatunsa rawaya ne, ɓangaren parietal yana da launin shuɗi mai haske tare da bakin iyaka. A kusa da idanuwa, fuka-fukan duhu masu kama da gashin ido, sun kewaye su da farar zobe wanda ke haskaka idanun lemu. Babu dimorphism na jima'i.

Amazon mai jajayen fuska ya ƙunshi nau'o'i huɗu:

• Amazona autumnalis autumnalis shine nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i.
• Amazona autumnalis diadema - wanda ke da launi mai launi na goshi da kunci tare da launin shuɗi.
• Amazona autumnalis salvini - wannan nau'in nau'in yana da kunci-koren rawaya, kuma wutsiya ta ciki tana ja. Kyawawan launi mara kyau idan aka kwatanta da nau'ikan nau'ikan ƙira. Ba sananne sosai ga masu tsuntsaye ba.
• Amazona AutumnInali Lilacina - akasari yayi kama da da keɓaɓɓun kudaden, amma launi yayi duhu sosai.

Amazon mai jajayen fuska sanannen dabba ne, yana da hazaka kuma yana da sauƙin horar da magana. Ɗaya daga cikin rashin lahani na wannan nau'in shine ƙara: tsuntsaye suna son yin surutu da cizo.

ja-makori amazon

 (Amazona arausiaca)

Habitat: gandun daji mai tsayi, mangroves na Ƙananan Antilles da kudu maso gabashin Brazil.

Tumbin kore ne, gaban kansa har da kunci da wuyansa, shuɗi-violet ne, a wuyan kuma akwai ɗigon gashin fuka-fukan ja, girmansa na iya girma dabam-dabam, a wasu tsuntsayen yana rufe yawancin ƙirji. .

Red-throated Amazons suna ƙarƙashin kariyar yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa don kare muhallin CITES. Nau'in aku yana cikin hatsari. A ƙarshen karni na ashirin, akwai mutane 400 na wannan nau'in a duniya.

Red-tailed (Brazil) Amazon

 (Amazona brasiliensis)

Habitat: mangroves da gandun daji na wurare masu zafi na yankin kudu maso gabashin Brazil.

Aku launin kore ne, goshi, bridle da iyakar fikafikan jajaye ne, akwai tabo mai ruwan lemu-rawaya a kai, kan kansa violet-blue.

Ko da yake wannan nau'in ba shi da hazaka na ban mamaki, ana iya samun shi a tsakanin masoya aku.

Lalacewar muhalli da tarkon Amazons na Brazil ba bisa ka'ida ba ya haifar da barazanar bacewa. A ƙarshen karni na 3000, wannan nau'in ya ƙunshi mutane XNUMX kawai. CITES tana kiyaye Amazona brasiliensis.

amazon mai launin rawaya

 (Amazona auropalliata)

Habitat: kudu maso yammacin Mexico zuwa Costa Rica.

Kamar duk Amazons, babban launi na tsuntsu kore ne, launin kai kore ne, amma tare da launin shuɗi, wuyansa da nape suna ado da tabo mai rawaya mai haske. An narkar da gashin fuka-fukan jirgin ƙasa mai kore da ƙaramin jajayen gashin tsuntsu.

Shahararriyar gani a tsakanin masoya tsuntsaye. Mai hazaka, zamantakewa da kauna. Yana son al’ummar ’yan Adam sosai, yakan koyi magana cikin sauki kuma ya ba da kansa ga horo.

Wasu masu haraji sun raba Amazons masu launin rawaya zuwa sassa uku:

• Amazon mai launin rawaya (Amazona Auropalliata);
• Nicaraguan Amazon (Amazona Parvipes);
• Caribbean Amazon (Amazona Caribaea).

Yana haifar da nasara sosai a cikin zaman talala a ƙarƙashin kyawawan yanayi.

Rawaya-kafada (rawaya-fuka-fuki) Amazon

 (Amazon barbadensis)

Wuraren zama: yankunan shrub, filayen fili da yankunan bakin teku na tsibirin Bonaire, Venezuela. Abin takaici, Amazons masu launin rawaya duk sun bace a tsibirin Aruba.

Plumage kore tare da duhu baki. Gaban kai fari ne, bayan kai, kunci, yankin idanu da makogwaro suna da rawaya mai haske. Ninkewar fuka-fuki da ɗigon da ke kan ƙananan ƙafafu su ma rawaya ne. Gefen fuka-fukan jirgin ja ne, kuma iyakar shuɗi ne.

Matar tana da ɗan ƙarami ƙarami da launin kai mara kyau.

Amazons masu launin rawaya suna da kyawawan tsuntsaye kuma suna da yawa a tsakanin masoya aku. Suna haɗuwa da mutane cikin sauƙi, masu son jama'a, masu ƙauna da saurin-hikima. Wannan nau'in ba shi da ƙarfi. Kiwo a cikin zaman talala ba kowa bane, amma akwai lokuta masu nasara.

Amazons masu launin rawaya suna gab da ƙarewa saboda haka CITES suna kiyaye su.

Yellow-bridled (Yucatan) Amazon

 (Amazona xantholora)

Wurin zama: dazuzzukan dazuzzukan ruwan sama, mangroves, buɗaɗɗen yankuna na Yucatan Peninsula da Mexico, Belize, Honduras, Roatan da tsibirin Cozumel.

Babban plumage kore ne tare da baki baki. A zahiri, maza sun bambanta da mata. Maza suna da farin goshi, jajayen baki a kusa da idanuwa, da bridle rawaya, da kai shudi. Fuka-fukan jirgin na odar farko shuɗi ne. Tushen gashin fuka-fukan wutsiya da rufaffiyar jajaye ne.

Mata suna da goshin lilac-shuɗi mai tsaka-tsaki tare da fararen fuka-fukai, da ja a kusa da idanuwa. Fuka-fukan tashi na tsari na farko kore ne, masu rufin asiri na iya zama kwata-kwata ja.

Aku masu surutu waɗanda ke jagorantar salon rayuwa. Da rana, mutane kusan 50 ne ke taruwa a cikin garken tumaki, yayin da da dare adadinsu zai iya wuce tsuntsaye 1500.

amazon mai launin rawaya

 (Amazona oratrix)

Wurin zama: Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, arewa maso yammacin Honduras.

Babban launi na plumage shine kore, kirji, wuyansa da baya sune kore mai zurfi tare da duhu mai duhu. Shugaban rawaya ne, amma ya danganta da nau'ikan nau'ikan Amazon mai launin rawaya, inuwar plumage da launin rawaya na kai na iya zama kawai a cikin nau'i na aibobi ko akasin haka - gaba ɗaya launi manyan sassan jiki.

Wani babban nau'in nau'in Amazons, girman jiki ya kai 41 cm.

Rarraba nau'ikan nau'ikan Amazons masu launin rawaya (Amazona oratrix) da Amazons masu launin rawaya (Amazona ochracephala) suna da ƙarfi sosai kuma koyaushe suna canzawa.

Za mu yi la'akari da ɗaya kawai daga cikin hanyoyin da za a raba rassa.

• Belizean Amazon (Amazona Belizensis);
• Honduras (Amazona hondurensis);
• Babban, Amazon mai launin rawaya biyu (Amazona Oratrix).

Amazon mai launin rawaya yana ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun nau'in Amazon tsakanin masoya tsuntsaye. Mai son jama'a, haziƙanci, iya magana, waƙa da sautunan ban dariya - waɗannan aku sun lashe zukatan mutane da yawa. Ga ƙwararrun masu shayarwa, kiwo a cikin zaman talala ba shi da wahala musamman.

A cikin daji, ta 1994, yawan mutanen Amazon masu launin rawaya ba su wuce tsuntsaye 7000 ba. Wannan nau'in aku yana ƙarƙashin kariya ta CITES.

Black-eared (Dominican) Amazon

 (Amazona ventralis)

Habitat: plantations da wurare masu zafi gandun daji na Jamhuriyar Dominican, game da. Haiti. A baya can ya rayu game da. Gonav, amma ya mutu.

Babban launi na plumage shine kore, kowane gashin tsuntsu yana gefen baki. Wurin da ke kusa da idanu, goshi da frenulum fari ne. Tambi mai launin shudi, shuɗiyar da ke kusa da kunnuwa baki ne. Ciki tare da burgundy-launin ruwan kasa. Fuka-fukan jirgin na tsari na biyu shuɗi-shuɗi ne.

A cikin daji, suna samar da manyan garkuna, filayen hari, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ake daukar su kwari.

kore-kunci Amazon

 (Amazon viridigenalis)

Habitat: fi son gangara, gefuna gandun daji, wuraren buɗewa, gandun daji na yankin bakin teku na yankunan arewa maso gabashin Mexico.

Matsakaicin girman aku, kore mai launin kore, tare da tabo ja-shuɗi a gefuna na gashin fuka-fukan jirgin da kowane gashin fuka-fukan ja akan rufin. Fuka-fukan da kansu kyawawan launin kore ne mai duhu. Kan daga baki zuwa bayan kai jajaye ne, kalar plumage daga idanu zuwa rawanin shudi-kore. A kan gashin gashin wutsiya kore, gefuna suna rawaya.

A cikin Amurka, akwai maye gurbin Amazon - Lutino.

Ana iya bambanta mace da ƙaramin girman kai da baki, kuma jan tabo a kan ta ya fi ƙanƙanta.

Ga Turai, nau'in yana da wuya. Amma ya shahara a Amurka. Green-cheeked Amazons suna da ƙauna sosai, masu wasa kuma tsuntsaye masu ladabi.

Abin takaici, adadin tsuntsayen da ke cikin jama'a yana raguwa saboda kamawa ba bisa ka'ida ba tare da lalata wuraren zama.

Soja Amazon

 (Amazona mercenary)

Wuraren zama: ƙananan wurare, dazuzzuka masu zafi da na wurare masu zafi na Ecuador, Colombia da arewa maso yammacin Venezuela.

Aku mai kore jiki, kai, makogwaro da ciki sun dan yi sauki. Furen nape da baya duhu kore ne mai launin toka-shuɗi. Fuka-fuki a kan ninka suna rawaya ko orange-rawaya. Wutsiya mai rawaya-kore.

Babu dimorphism na jima'i.

Sojan Amazon ya ƙunshi nau'i biyu:

• Mercenary amazon canipalliata;
• Mercenary Mercenary Amazona.

Sojojin Amazons masu kunya ne kuma tsuntsaye masu hankali. Kuna iya jin su kawai da safe da maraice, a cikin sauran rana suna neman abinci a cikin kwari, kuma da dare sun fi son su taru a cikin kambin bishiyoyi a cikin dazuzzuka masu tsayi. An san kadan game da salon rayuwar wannan nau'in Amazons.

amazon mai gaban rawaya

(Amazona ochracephala) (Amazona ochracephala)

Wurin zama: gandun daji na mangrove, kurmin wurare masu zafi, ƙasashen noma na Amurka ta tsakiya da ta Kudu, daga Mexico zuwa gabashin Peru da yankunan arewacin Brazil.

Rarraba nau'ikan nau'ikan launin rawaya-gaba (Amazona ochracephala) da Amazons masu launin rawaya (Amazona oratrix) suna da ƙarfi sosai kuma koyaushe suna canzawa.

Za mu yi la'akari da ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da za a raba rassa.

Amazon mai launin rawaya ya ƙunshi nau'ikan nau'ikan 4:

• Panama Amazon (Amazona ochrocephala panamensis);
• Suriname Amazon (Amazona ochrocephala ochrocephala);
• Biri squirrel (Amazona ochrocephala xantholaema);
• Green Amazon (Amazona ochrocephala nattereri).

Aku yana da kusan 37 cm cikin girman, babban furen kore ne, duhu zuwa saman jiki. Kusa da mandible akwai jajayen aibobi, goshi da ɓangaren rawanin rawaya ne, ninki na reshe ja ne. An gyara bayansa da wuyansa da datsa baki. Furen yana da jajayen tabo. Fuka-fukan wutsiya suna da launin kore, suna juyawa zuwa ja kusa da tushe.

Launuka iri-iri na aku masu launin rawaya a cikin daji suna da wadata, amma an fi ganin tsuntsaye guda biyu maimakon garke.

Amazons masu launin rawaya suna ɗaya daga cikin aku na fi so, suna da wayo, ƙauna da ban dariya. Irin wannan nau'in Amazon yana ƙarƙashin horo, koyon magana da rera waƙa. Ga masu shayarwa masu sana'a, haifuwa na wannan nau'in yakan yi nasara.

Puerto Rican Amazon

 (Amazona vittata)

Wurin zama: itatuwan dabino, Dutsen Luquillo da dazuzzuka. Puerto Rico.

Koren aku mai baƙar fata a ƙarshen gashinsa. A sama da baki akwai wani ɗan ƙaramin jajayen gemu, ƙirji da ciki mai launin rawaya. Fuka-fukan jirgin na oda na farko da rufaffiyar shuɗi ne. Fuka-fukan wutsiya na waje ja ne a gindi. Faɗin farare zobe a kusa da idanu.

Puerto Rican Amazon ya ƙunshi nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan iri biyu:

• Amazona vittata gracilipes Ridgway, tun 1912 ne bace jinsin, game da. Kulebra Mutum ya kashe shi a matsayin kwaro na amfanin gona;
• Amazona vittata vittata.

Nau'in yana gab da ƙarewa, don haka yana da wuya sosai. A ƙarshen karni na 26, akwai mutane 56 a cikin daji da 2006 a cikin gandun daji na Luquillo. Amma riga a cikin 34, akwai kimanin 40-143 tsuntsaye a cikin daji na Puerto Rican Amazons da XNUMX a cikin bauta.

A yau, aku na daji suna ƙarƙashin sa ido da kariya akai-akai.

Cuban (fararen kai) Amazon

 (Amazona leucocephala)

Habitat: gandun daji na Bahamas, Cuba, tsibiran: Little Cayman da Grand Cayman.

Launin jikin aku kore ne mai bakin iyaka. Gaban kai, goshi zuwa bayan kai da kuma wuraren da ke kusa da idanu an yi musu ado da launin ruwan dusar ƙanƙara, tare da kunnuwa akwai tsiri na gashin fuka-fukan launin toka. Kunci, makogwaro da ƙirji suna da ja-jajaye, ruwan ciki mai ɗanɗano mai launin shuɗi. Fuka-fukan wutsiya kore ne tare da gefuna rawaya da faci ja. Fuka-fukan jirgin na odar farko shuɗi ne.

An raba nau'in Amazons na Cuban zuwa sassa 3 ko 5:

• Amazona leucocephala leucocephala shine nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i.
• Amazona leucocephala bahamensis - Bahamian Cuban Amazon, tabo mai launin shuɗi a kan ciki ya kusan ba ya nan, kuma adadin fararen furanni a kai ya fi na nau'ikan nau'ikan ƙima.
• Amazona leucocephala palmarum - Western Cuban Amazon, aku da ya fi duhu fiye da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan. Ana kiran wannan nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i, tun da makogwaro da kirji na ba duka tsuntsaye ne aka yi wa ado da ja.
• Amazona leucocephala hesterna - Caiman-Brak Cuban Amazon, launi na aku yana mamaye da lemun tsami-rawaya hue, wani tabo mai ma'ana a cikin ciki, jan launi ne kawai a wuyansa.
• Amazona leucocephala caymanensis - The Cayman Cuban Amazon, wasu masana kimiyyar ganima suna la'akari da wannan nau'in a matsayin maras tushe. Launin lemun tsami na babban plumage, kawai goshi da kunci mai haske da kuma makogwaro sune fari - ga wasu masana kimiyya wannan bai isa ba don bambanta caymanensis a cikin wani nau'i na daban, tun da ba duk tsuntsaye ba ne. Grand Cayman yana da irin wannan launi.

Cuban Amazons sun shahara sosai tare da masoya tsuntsaye. Waɗannan su ne masu zance, masu saurin-sauri da surutu aku, waɗanda suka shahara da rashin fa'ida a cikin abinci mai gina jiki. Kyawawan kyan gani suna da sauƙin koya idan ana batun abun ciki guda ɗaya. Amazons masu launin fari suna da kyau a kwaikwayon sauti kuma suna iya yin magana.

Kiwo a cikin zaman talala na wannan nau'in ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba: don sakamako mai nasara, an sanya tsuntsaye da yawa a cikin sararin samaniya, suna iyakance sadarwar su tare da mutane kamar yadda zai yiwu. Bayan ƙirƙirar duk abubuwan da suka dace, bayan ɗan lokaci tsuntsaye sun saba kuma sun fara nuna shirye-shiryen haifuwa. A lokacin lokacin mating, Cuban Amazons sun zama masu tsaurin ra'ayi ga baki da maƙwabta. Don guje wa yanayi masu damuwa, ma'aurata sun ware daga wasu tsuntsaye.

An haramta fitarwa da siyar da wannan nau'in, amma babban buƙatar Cuban Amazons bai ragu ba, don haka tsuntsaye suna cikin haɗari. Yawan waɗannan Amazons an haɗa su cikin aikace-aikacen CITES.

Amazon baƙar fata na Jamaica

 (Amazona agilis)

Wurin zama: gandun daji na wurare masu zafi na Jamaica.

Tsuntsayen suna da duhu kore mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi a bayan kai. Tushen da ke kusa da kunnuwa baki ne. A cikin maza, gashin fuka-fukan jirgin sama na biyu suna blue-ja, a cikin mata, fuka-fuki suna da kore.

Saboda launin su, Amazons masu baƙar fata suna da sauƙin kama su a cikin rawanin bishiyoyi kuma suna da wahalar samu. Idan tsuntsayen suka ga hadari, sai su yi shiru, wanda kuma ya dagula bincikensu.

Amazon baƙar fata na Jamaica yana cikin haɗari sosai.

Amazon mai launin rawaya na Jamaica

 (Amazon mai launi)

Wuraren zama: ƙasa mai ɗanɗano, gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, mangroves, lambuna da shuke-shuken Jamaica.

Aku koren launi tare da rawaya tint. Akwai farar tabo a goshi, kan sa launin shuɗi-kore, kumatun shuɗi ne, makogwaro da wuyansa ja ne mai koren iyaka.

Saboda lalata yanayin muhalli, nau'in yana ƙarƙashin barazanar lalacewa.

Venezuelan (orange-winged) Amazon

 (Amazona amazonica)

Wurin zama: Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Peru.

Amazon na Venezuela ya ɗan yi kama da Amazon mai launin shuɗi, amma ƙarami a girman. Ruwan rawaya ya mamaye goshi da kunci, duk da cewa tabo shuɗi ma suna da yawa. Babban bambancin da ke tsakanin waɗannan nau'ikan Amazons guda biyu shine launi na mandible: launin shuɗi mai gaba shine launin toka-baki, Venezuelan yana da haske mai launin ruwan kasa-launin toka. An tsara idanu da shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, a cikin fikafikan farko akwai fuka-fukan masu launin ja-orange. Ba a bayyana dimorphism na jima'i ba.

Amazelan Amazon ya haɗa da biyu sassauza: maras muhimmanci (Venezuela, Brazil, Columbia KorangSics (Tobago da Tsibirin Trinidad). Bambance-bambance ne kawai a cikin launi na gashin fuka-fukan jirgin da wuraren zama. Rundunar kuɗin da ke da gida biyu-orange-orange a cikin reshe, da kuma na biyu sashe da biyar. A cikin jirgin, waɗannan fuka-fukan lemu masu haske suna bayyane sosai.

A cikin daji, ya zama sananne a matsayin kwaro na noma.

Shahararrun dabbobin gida, ana iya koyar da su don yin magana, ƙamus na Amazons na Venezuelan kusan kalmomi 50 ne, suna iya yin dabaru kuma sun sami nasarar maimaita sautunan da ke kewaye da su. Suna son yin kururuwa, wanda shine babban hasara idan ba ku fara horar da tsuntsu ba. Yana girma da kyau a gida.

A cikin bauta, za su iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 70.

Tucuman Amazon

 (Tucuman Amazon)

Habitat: gandun daji na tsaunin kudu na Bolivia da Argentina. A cikin hunturu, aku suna saukowa zuwa filayen.

Tsuntsun launin kore ne tare da iyaka mai duhu a kusa da gefen gashinsa. Red plumage a goshi har zuwa tsakiyar bayan kai. Fuka-fukan jirgin na biyu kuma jajaye ne, fikafikan wutsiya kore ne, kasa da gefuna na wutsiya masu launin rawaya-kore. A cikin tsuntsaye masu girma, murfin ƙananan ƙafar ƙafa yana da orange-rawaya, yayin da a cikin matasan Tucuman Amazons yana da kore. Babu dimorphism na jima'i.

Saboda rashin kulawa da kawar da mazaunin, akwai kawai 5500 Tucuman Amazons.

Wannan nau'in bai shahara ba don tsarewa.

Amazon Cavalla, fari-fuska

(Amazon kawalli)

Habitat: gandun daji na wurare masu zafi da yankunan bakin teku na koguna a cikin Amazon da Central Brazil.

Tsuntsun kore ne, a gindin bakin baki akwai wani wuri mara feshi mai launin fari, bayan kai da bayan aku fari-kore ne. Furen da ke kan ninki na reshe da ƙasan wutsiya rawaya-kore. Akwai jajayen tabo guda uku akan gashin fuka-fukan jirgin na tsari na biyu.

Saboda Cavalla Amazon yayi kama da Müller Amazon, an yi la'akari da shi na ɗan lokaci a matsayin nau'in "Amazon fulawa". Kwanan nan, a cikin 1989, an gane Amazon fari-fuska a matsayin nau'in jinsin daban, babban bambance-bambance daga Muller's Amazon shine girman girman jikin Cavalla (35-37 cm) da kasancewar fatar fata mai haske a gindin. mandible.

Har zuwa ƙarshe, ba a yi nazarin salon rayuwar Amazons Cavalla ba.

ja-browed amazon

(Amazona rhodocorytha )

Habitat: endemic, gandun daji tare da koguna na tsakiyar jihohin Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, Bahia, Alagoas), hunturu a cikin mangroves.

Babban plumage shine kore, goshin goshi da yankin parietal ja ne, kunci, kunnuwa da makogwaro suna shudi. Yellow spots a kumatu. Tumbin baya da bayan kai an tsara su da iyaka mai duhu. Gefen fuka-fukan masu launin lemo ne, fuka-fukan farko uku na farko na tsari na biyu ja ne. Kasan gashin wutsiya orange ne.

Asarar wurin zama na halitta ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa nau'in yana gab da ƙarewa.

† Purple (Guadalupe) Amazon

 (Amazona violacea)

Wannan nau'in ya kasance na musamman ga Guadeloupe.

Dabbobin halittu (sun mutu a farkon karni na XNUMX). An yi imani da amazon purple babban nau'i ne na amazon na sarki.

Gmelin a cikin 1789, bisa ga kwatancin tsuntsayen Guadeloupe na Du Tertre (1654,1667), J. Labat (1742) da Brisson 1760, ya kwatanta Guadeloupe Amazon. A baya a cikin 1779, J. Buffon ya lura cewa Amazon purple tsuntsu ne da ba kasafai ba.

† Martinique Amazon

(Martiniya Amazon)

Wannan nau'in ya bace kafin shekara ta 1800 saboda lalatar mazauninsa a tsibirin Martinique (Ƙananan Antilles).

Ya kasance cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan daular Amazon. Tsuntsun yana da kamanni na waje da Amazon mai shunayya (Amazona violacea). Furen da ke bayansa kore ne, kuma a sama, har zuwa bayan kai, launin toka.

Parrots wani bangare ne na dabi'a, wanda mutum ya sake fasalinsa don dacewa da bukatunsa. Sakamakon haka, yawancin nau'in da ke zaune a dazuzzukan dazuzzuka da na savannas na fuskantar barazanar bacewa. Yin amfani da albarkatu masu ma'ana, yin la'akari da bukatun mazaunan fuka-fuki, kariya da sarrafa kama su, na iya ɗan inganta yanayin da waɗannan kyawawan halittu masu wayo ke samun kansu.