Black-da-fari kiwo irin shanu: abũbuwan amfãni, rashin amfani da yawan aiki

A cikin gonaki na Rasha, a cikin nau'in shanu, nau'in kiwo da ke ba da yawan madara mai yawa ba su da yawa. Kwanan nan, wani nau'i mai ban sha'awa, motley-black ya bayyana, wanda a halin yanzu ya mamaye matsayi na uku a cikin rarraba bayan irin waɗannan nau'o'in kamar jajayen shanu da Simmental. An haifi nau'in baki-da-fari a ko'ina cikin Rasha.

Asalin nau'in baƙar fata da fari na shanu

Magabatan irin waɗannan shanun su ne wakilai na nau'in Dutch da Gabashin Frisian. Komai ya ba da gudummawa ga gaskiyar cewa a cikin ƙarni na XNUMX da na XNUMX wani sabon nau'in ya bayyana a cikin Netherlands: yanayi mai laushi, ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki, da sha'awar masu samarwa don kiwon kiwo.

Da farko, irin waɗannan dabbobin sun bambanta ta hanyar kamuwa da cututtuka daban-daban, rashin ƙarfi na rigakafi, raunin jiki, ko da yake sun ba da madara mai yawa. Duk da haka, godiya ga taimakon masu shayarwa, a cikin karni na ashirin sun zama masu karfi, kuma halayen halayen naman su ma sun karu.

Wakilan farko na shanun baƙar fata da fari sun bayyana a cikin jihar Rasha a ƙarshen karni na 1917 a wasu gonakin masu gida. Koyaya, kawai bayan XNUMX Masana kimiyyar Soviet sun ga babbar dama ga irin waɗannan shanu, sakamakon haka suka fara samun nasara cikin sauri a cikin gonakin manoma.

A cikin 1959, bisa ga buƙatar masu shayarwa na Soviet, an ware shanu masu launin baki a matsayin nau'i daban.

Bayyanar saniya baƙar fata da fari

Sunan nau'in ya fito ne daga launi na shanu: baƙar fata na dabba an rufe shi da farar fata da aka shirya ba tare da izini ba masu girma dabam.

Bugu da ƙari ga halayen jiki mai ƙarfi na wakilan kiwo na jikin oblong, wannan nau'in yana da wasu siffofi na bayyanar:

• doguwar kai mai tsayi mai tsayi, ƙahoni masu launin toka suna da launi mai duhu a ƙarshensa;
• matsakaicin tsayi, wuyansa marar tsoka duk a cikin folds;
• kirjin bai yi fadi da yawa ba;
• baya yana da daidaito daidai, tare da madaidaiciyar ƙugiya da faffadan sacrum;
• gabobi suna da ko da, ƙarfi, barga;
• ciki mai girma, nono mai siffar kofi, ƙwanƙwasa marasa daidaituwa, nonuwa na baya suna kusa.

Tsayin da ke bushewar saniya mai kiwo shine 130-132 cm.

Dangane da wuraren zama, wannan nau'in yana da nau'ikan iri daban-daban:

• Shanu daga yankin tsakiyar kasar ana bambanta su da babban jiki. Babbar saniya tana da nauyin kilogiram 550-650, kuma bijimin yana nauyin kilogiram 900-1000, a wasu lokuta ma fiye da haka. Don haka, ban da madara, waɗannan dabbobin kuma suna ba da nama mai yawa.
• Dabbobin Ural samun busasshen tsarin mulki, yana haifar da haske da daidaituwa.
• shanu daga Siberiya sun fi ƙanƙanta fiye da dabbobi daga yankunan tsakiya kuma ba su da yawa kamar daidaikun mutane daga Urals. Matsakaicin nauyin wakilin manya shine 500-560 kg.

Halayen yawan aiki

Maruƙa masu baƙar fata da fari suna auna kilo 37 (karsana) da 42 kg (maruƙa) yayin haihuwa. Suna son cin abinci, don haka kowace rana suna yin nauyi 600-800 g kowane. Tare da abinci mai yawa, maruƙa na iya ƙara kilogiram a kowace rana. A cikin watanni 15, nauyin jarirai ya riga ya wuce 420 kg. Mafi yawan 'ya'yan itace na iya auna kilo 480. Matasan bijimai na iya cin abinci da yawa har su kama takwarorinsu na nau'in nama da nauyi.

Ko da kuwa wurin zama, bijimai sun kai nauyin kilogiram 900, kuma wani lokacin ma sun wuce ton. An balagagge saniya kiwo ma nauyi ne sosai kuma nauyi jeri daga 500-650 kg.

Yana da kyau cewa ana samun irin wannan sakamakon ba tare da tsadar siyan abubuwan tattarawa na musamman ba. Lokacin bazara dabbobi suna kiwo a kan korayen makiyaya, a cikin hunturu suna ciyar da ciyawa da ciyawa da ƙari.

Wannan nau'in yana da daraja da gaskiyar cewa shanu suna ba da yawan madara mai yawa. Dabbobin da ke zaune a yankuna daban-daban na kasar sun bambanta ta fuskoki daban-daban na yawan nonon. Wannan yana rinjayar ba kawai yanayin yankin zama ba, har ma da yanayin kiyayewa da ciyarwa.

Dabbobin kiwo na manyan gonakin kiwo a yankin tsakiyar Rasha suna samar da madara har zuwa kilogiram 8000 a kowace shekara, tare da abun ciki mai mai kusan 3,7% da abun ciki mai gina jiki na 3,0 zuwa 3,2%. Shanu masu kiwo daga yankin Siberiya kuma suna da ƙididdiga masu kyau: gonaki masu ci gaba suna karɓar kilogiram 8000 na madara a kowace shekara, duk da haka, mai abun ciki ya kai 3,9%, furotin - 3%. Dangane da yawan amfanin nono, dabbobin Ural sun kasance ƙasa da shanu daga yankunan Siberiya da tsakiya, suna ba da 2 kilogiram na madara a kowace shekara tare da abun ciki mai mai 5500% da furotin na 4%. A karkashin yanayi na al'ada, shanu suna iya ba da 3,47-3000 kilogiram na madara.

Waɗannan siffofi suna da alaƙa da juna. Misali, Abubuwan da ke cikin madara kai tsaye ya dogara da girman yawan amfanin nono., kuma shi, bi da bi, ya dogara da yawan nauyin rayuwa, wanda ya dogara da adadin abincin da ake cinyewa.

Fa'idodi da rashin amfanin shanun baƙar fata da fari

Shanu na wannan nau'in, a matsayin mafi kyawun wakilai na jagorancin kiwo, kawo karin riba ga manoma daga sayar da kayayyakin kiwo. Har ila yau, yawancin manoma sun dogara da ikonsu na ban mamaki don samun nauyi da sauri.

Bugu da ƙari, wannan nau'in yana da wasu abũbuwan amfãni:

• lafiya;
• da ikon da sauri acclimatize a cikin wani sabon yanayi;
• matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici tare da ikon gina ƙwayar tsoka ta hanyar cin abinci tare da ƙaramin adadin abubuwan haɓakawa;
• madara mai kitse da nama maras kyau.

Akwai irin waɗannan shanu da rashin amfani. Ba shakka ba su da kima, amma manoma suna fada da su. Kamar haka:

• kawar da manyan bambance-bambance tsakanin nau'in nau'in jinsin;
• halittar dabbobi masu tsayi da girma;
• karuwa a adadi mai yawa na yawan amfanin nono;
• karuwa a cikin kitsen madara da abubuwan gina jiki da ke cikinsa.

Bugu da ƙari, shanu suna mayar da martani ga kyakkyawar hali a gare ta. Kulawa mai inganci yana taimaka mata ta zama saniya wacce ke ba da yawan nono. Idan hali zuwa gare ta ya kasance cikin rashin kulawa, to ba za a sa ran yawan nonon madara ba.

Kammalawa

Manoman cikin gida suna matukar son shanun baƙar fata, don haka za ku iya saya su a kowane yanki kasar mu. Bai kamata mai mallakar irin wannan saniya ba har yanzu wannan babban nau'in ne wanda ke buƙatar ɗakin fili wanda ke buƙatar ɗakin daɗaɗɗe da yawa, da yawan hay da ciyawa. Ƙoƙari, kuɗi da lokacin da aka saka a ciki dole ne ya biya bashin kuma ya zama riba mai kyau.