Karan jini ga karnuka

 Hemotransfusion shine zubar da dabbobi marasa lafiya tare da cikakken jini, ko abubuwan da aka gyara, ko shirye-shiryen furotin na plasma. Wannan kyakkyawar hanya ce mai mahimmanci.A cikin 80% na lokuta, ƙarin jini a cikin karnuka yana haifar da anemia, kuma a cikin 20% - ta hanyar bugun jini. Jinin jini wani lokaci yana ceton rayuwar kare kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen shawo kan wani mawuyacin hali.

Manufar karin jini a cikin karnuka

1. Sauya. Erythrocytes da aka samu daga mai bayarwa suna kasancewa a cikin jinin mai karɓa har tsawon watanni 1-4, wanda ke ƙara yawan iskar oxygen a cikin kyallen takarda.
2. Ƙarfafawa - tasiri akan tsarin daban-daban da gabobin kare.
3. Ingantawa a cikin hemodynamics. Inganta aikin tsarin jijiyoyin jini, ƙara ƙarar mintuna na zuciya, da sauransu.
4. hemostatic manufa. Homeostasis yana motsawa, ana lura da hyperoagulation matsakaici.

Alamu don ƙarin jini a cikin karnuka

1. An gano m jini mai tsanani, wanda aka nuna ta kodadde mucous membranes, rauni kuma akai-akai bugun jini, sanyi tafin kafa.
2. Rashin jini na yau da kullun da rashin kwanciyar hankali na hemodynamics, yana nuna ƙarancin isar da iskar oxygen zuwa kyallen takarda da isassun adadi.
3. Rashin farfadowa na anemia na cututtuka daban-daban.
4. Gada ko samu coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, hypoproteinemia.

Kayan karin jini ga karnuka

Hanya mafi sauƙi don samun abu daga cikakken jinin sabo. Saboda haka, ana amfani da shi sosai a likitan dabbobi. Erythrocytes gwangwani, adana sanyi (zazzabi 3-6⁰C) kuma ana amfani dashi na tsawon kwanaki 30 ko har sai erythrocytes sun zama masu launi. Erythromass ya zama dole don sake cika ajiyar erythrocytes (na cutar anemia na yau da kullun) ko kuma a haɗarin wuce gona da iri tare da ƙarin ƙarar ruwa. Hakanan ana amfani dashi don asarar jini mai tsanani (a hade tare da crystalloids). Plasma wajibi ne don dawo da abubuwan da ke tattare da jini, ciki har da. m aka gyara. Ana adana kayan a -40⁰C a cikin shekara 1. Kafin zubar da jini, ana yin zafi zuwa +30-37⁰C, sannan a yi masa allura a jikin kare da wuri-wuri.

Hanyoyin gudanarwa

A matsayinka na mai mulki, ana gudanar da jini da abubuwan da ke cikin ta cikin jini. Idan ba zai yiwu ba don allurar jini a cikin jijiya ( ƙurji, edema mai tsanani), ana amfani da jiko na ciki.

Hatsari da Matsalolin Jinin Jini a Kare

Matsaloli masu tsanani suna da alaƙa da cin zarafi na abun da ke tattare da acid-base na jini, kurakurai a cikin fasahar ƙarin jini, da rikice-rikice na hemodynamic. Ana iya haɗawa da jinkirin rikice-rikice tare da zubar da jini mai zafi, hemolyzed ko kamuwa da jini: post-transfusion (hemolytic) shock, citrate (anaphylactic) shock, cututtuka masu yaduwa. Abubuwan da ba na rigakafi ba (m siffa) suna bayyana azaman zazzabi. Dalili shine amsawa tsakanin antigen da antibody wanda ya haɗa da platelets, granulocytes ko lymphocytes, ko ƙwayar cuta ta jini. Wani lokaci akwai rashin lafiyan halayen (urticaria tare da itching da kurji). Ƙarar kaya akan tsarin jini yana nunawa ta hanyar amai, tachycardia, rashin jin daɗi, tari, rashin ƙarfi na numfashi ko cyanosis. Sauran abubuwan haɗari:

• harshe mai kwakwalwa
• kamuwa da cuta mai yaduwa
• zazzabi
• wuce gona da iri bayan juyewar jini
• hypervolemia
• m bayan transfusion halayen
• ciwo na gazawar gabobi da yawa, da sauransu.

 Huhu, hanta, endocrin gland da sauran tsarin da gabobin na iya shafa. Yin lodin abu zai iya haifar da tsangwama mai tsanani da kama zuciya. Transfusion na iya haifar da sakamako na immunomodulatory kuma yana ƙara haɗarin cututtuka na nosocomial, mummunan rauni na huhu, cututtuka na autoimmune. Mafi tsananin wahala shine girgiza anaphylactic. Idan ko da ƙananan alamu sun bayyana, ya kamata a dakatar da zubar da jini da wuri-wuri.

Karan jini ga karnuka a matsayin hanyar magani

Wannan hanya ta zama mafi mahimmanci a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. An tabbatar da amfaninta akai-akai a cikin maganin cututtukan cututtukan jini da yawa. Saboda saukin tsarin rukunin jini na canine da ƙananan matakan isoantibodies da ke faruwa a zahiri, likitocin dabbobi na iya kusan yin watsi da rashin daidaituwar nau'ikan jini tsakanin mai karɓa da mai bayarwa. a cikin kare ba tare da lahani ga lafiya ba (har zuwa 10 ml / kg). Ana yin samfurin jini na gaba ba a baya ba a cikin kwanaki 45-60.

Wanene zai iya zama mai bayarwa

Da zarar ana iya ɗaukar kare da jinin kowane rukuni. Amma idan ana buƙatar ƙarin ƙarin jini na gaba, dole ne nau'in jinin ya dace. Karnukan Rh-korau suna iya karɓar jinin Rh-mara kyau kawai. Duk wani jini na iya karɓar karnukan Rh. Wani lokaci ana buƙatar ƙarin jini na gaggawa. A wannan yanayin, ko dai an yi amfani da mai ba da gudummawar "bazuwar" (wani lafiyayyen kare wanda ya ƙare a cikin asibiti don yin rigakafi, ƙusa ƙusa, da dai sauransu) ko kuma dabba na ɗaya daga cikin likitoci. Dabbobin dole ne ya kasance daga 1,5 zuwa 8 shekaru, dole ne ya kasance da cikakkiyar lafiya .Sun dauki kwantar da hankula, karnuka masu laushi a matsayin masu ba da gudummawa. Nauyin jikin kare mai ba da gudummawa (nauyin tsoka) dole ne ya wuce kilogiram 25. Mafi kyawun nau'in jini shine DEA 1.1. korau. Idan mai bayar da gudummawar mace ce, dole ne ta kasance mara amfani. Dole ne mai bayarwa ya bar yankin.

Kula da yanayin kare yayin ƙarin jini

Kowane minti 15-30 yayin jujjuyawa da sa'o'i 1, 12, 24 bayan aikin, ana kimanta sigogi masu zuwa:

1. Halayyar.
2. Inganci da ƙarfin bugun bugun jini.
3. Zazzabi na dubura.
4. Hali da tsananin numfashi.
5. Launi na fitsari da plasma.
6. Launin mucosal, lokacin cikawar capillary.
7. Ana lura da lokacin prothrombin da hematocrit kafin, nan da nan bayan kammalawa, da sa'o'i 12 da 24 bayan an yi musu ƙarin jini.

Kungiyoyin jinin kare

An yi imanin cewa karnuka suna da nau'in jini guda 7. Wannan ba gaskiya bane gaba ɗaya. Lissafin A - G shine tsarin ƙungiyoyin jini, ko kuma wajen, 1 kawai na zaɓuɓɓuka don 1961 "saki". Tun daga wannan lokacin, an yi ƙoƙari da yawa don daidaita bayanan, kuma a cikin 1976 an samar da sunan DEA, wanda yanzu an yarda da shi a Amurka. Dangane da wannan nomenclature, ana iya sanya tsarin jini azaman DEA 1.1, DEA 1.2, DEA 3, DEA 4, DEA 5, DEA 7 da DEA 8. Tsarin DEA 1 shine mafi dacewa a asibiti. Wannan tsarin yana da nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i na kwayoyin halitta da nau'i-nau'i 3 masu yiwuwa: DEA 4., 1.1, 1.2 da 1.3. Kare ɗaya yana da nau'in phenotype 1 kawai. Amma karnuka ba su da ƙwayoyin rigakafi ga antigens na ɗayan rukunin, don haka kare da ba a taɓa samun ƙarin jini ba za a iya ƙara masa shi da jini ba tare da dacewa da DEA 1.1 ba, kuma ƙarin ƙarin zai yi tasiri. Amma idan jini na biyu ya zama dole, rikitarwa na iya yiwuwa. Lokacin da aka tura DEA 1 zuwa mai karɓa mara kyau (phenotype 0) na jinin mai ba da gudummawa mai kyau DEA 1 (kowane nau'in phenotype banda 0), jikin mai karɓa bayan kwanaki 7 zuwa 10 zai iya samar da kwayoyin rigakafi ga DEA 1 antigen, wanda ke lalata antigen. kowane jajayen ƙwayoyin jini masu ɗauke da wannan antigen. A nan gaba, irin wannan mai karɓa zai buƙaci kawai ƙarin jini na DEA 1-mara kyau, in ba haka ba, maimakon ma'auni na 3 makonni, erythrocytes masu bayarwa zasu rayu a cikin jikin mai karɓa, a mafi kyau, kawai 'yan sa'o'i, ko ma da yawa mintuna, wanda. yana warware tasirin zubar jini, kuma yana iya ƙara tsananta lamarin. A wannan yanayin, ana iya ɗaukar mai ba da gudummawa mai kyau na DEA 1 tare da jinin DEA 1-negative, duk da haka, tare da yanayin cewa wannan mai bayarwa bai taɓa zama mai karɓa ba. DEA 1 antigen yana wakilta da bambance-bambance masu yawa: DEA 1.1, DEA 1.2., DEA 1.3. jini DEA 1. Kwayoyin rigakafin da aka samar da shi nan take suna lalata ƙwayoyin jajayen jini tare da DEA ​​1.1. da haifar da wani m hemolytic dauki, cike da tsanani rikitarwa. A wannan yanayin, ƙwayoyin jajayen jini tare da DEA 1.2 da 1.3 za su haɓaka waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta, amma ba za su lalata su ba (ko da yake wannan ma mummunan ga mai haƙuri ne). Idan muka yi magana game da tsarin DEA 3, kare zai iya zama ko dai DEA 3 tabbatacce ko korau. Canjawar DEA 3 tabbataccen jini cikin dabba tare da ƙwayoyin rigakafi masu dacewa (wanda aka samu ko kai) yana lalata ƙwayoyin jajayen jinin mai bayarwa kuma yana iya haifar da ƙarar jini a cikin kwanaki 5 masu zuwa. Hakanan tsarin DEA 4 yana da + da - phenotypes. Ba tare da riga-kafi ba, DEA 4-kore karnuka ba su da ƙwayoyin rigakafi zuwa DEA 4. Maimaita jujjuyawar mai karɓa na DEA 4 mara kyau, ko da a gaban ƙwayoyin rigakafi zuwa DEA 4, baya haifar da halayen haemolytic. Duk da haka, an san yanayin hemolysis a cikin kare da ya karɓi ƙarin jini da bai dace ba sau da yawa a jere. Hakanan tsarin DEA 5 yana da kyau kuma mara kyau. 10% na DEA 5-korau dabbobi suna da rigakafi zuwa DEA 5. Jinin jini ga majiyyaci mai hankali yana haifar da halayen haemolytic da mutuwar erythrocytes mai bayarwa a cikin kwanaki uku. Tsarin DEA 6 yana da nau'ikan halitta 2, + da -. A al'ada, babu antibodies zuwa wannan antigen. Jinin jini ga mai karɓa mai hankali yana haifar da matsakaicin amsawar jini da matsakaicin raguwa a cikin rayuwar masu bayarwa jajayen ƙwayoyin jini. Tsarin DEA 7 yana da nau'ikan halitta guda uku: korau, 3, da kuma Tr. Antibodies zuwa Tr da 0 suna nan a cikin kashi 25% na dabbobi mara kyau na DEA, amma ba su da wani tasiri mai faɗin hemolytic. Amma tare da wayar da kan jama'a na gaba, ana haɓaka wasu waɗanda ke iya bazuwar jinin masu bayarwa cikin ƙasa da kwanaki 3. Ba a yi nazarin tsarin DEA 8 da kyau ba. Baya ga abin da ke sama, akwai wasu tsarin da ba a haɗa su a cikin DEA ba, tun lokacin da aka gano su kwanan nan, da kuma tsarin da dama na musamman ga wasu nau'o'in (misali, karnuka na gabas - Shibu-in, da dai sauransu) Akwai kayan bincike. don ƙayyade rashi ko kasancewar DEA 1.1., 1.2, 3, 4, 5 da 7 antigens, amma suna da tsada sosai. A matsayinka na mai mulki, a gaskiya, musamman a cikin ƙananan garuruwa, babu masu ba da gudummawa da aka shirya, kuma an ƙaddara dacewa "a kan gilashin".