Babban Dane

Sauran sunayen: kare

Babban Dane shine ainihin aristocrat na duniyar canine. Yana rinjayar zukata da kyawunsa na ɗaukaka, basirarsa, ɗabi'a mai ƙauna ga gida da kyawawan halayen kariya.

Halayen Babban Dane

Lokaci na asali

• A cikin shahararrun al'adun, Manyan Danes sun fi saninsu da hotunan Scooby Doo mai raye-raye da kuma jarumin littafin barkwanci Marmaduke, amma ainihin karnuka ba sa kama da matsorata, dabbobin wawa waɗanda ke zama tushen matsala ga masu su.
• Waɗannan su ne madaidaitan masu karewa da masu gadi, masu sadaukar da kai ga danginsu da dukan zuciyarsu.
• Manya karnuka suna da natsuwa, masu hankali kuma a ƙarƙashin yanayi na al'ada suna da ban mamaki don girman su.
• An jera wani kare mai suna Zeus a cikin littafin Guinness Book of Records a matsayin kare mafi tsayi a duniya, tsayinsa a bushewar ya kai cm 111.8. Duk da haka, wani Babban Dan Dane daga Amurka, Giant George, ya zarce shi ta fuskar girma - tare da tsayin 109.2 cm, giant ya auna kilo 111.
• Daga cikin mashahuran masu sha'awar Manyan Danniya akwai shugaban gwamnatin Jamus Reich Otto von Bismarck da Sarkin Rasha Alexander II, kuma Sarkin Macedonia Alexander the Great ya kiyaye kakanninsu.
• Don rayuwar irin wannan dabbar, ana buƙatar gida mai faɗi, saboda yana da wuyar shiga cikin ɗaki, kuma ba shi yiwuwa a ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin yadi saboda gajeren gashi.
• Matsakaicin tsawon rayuwa na Babban Danes shine kawai shekaru 5-7, ana ɗaukar su nau'in da rashin lafiya.

Babban Dane a taron farko da alama ya zama kare mai girma kuma har ma da haɗari, godiya ga fitattun bayanan jiki. Koyaya, a bayan bayyanar babban giant, a zahiri, akwai kwanciyar hankali da sadaukarwa ga dangin kirki. Ba shi da saurin kai hari, sai dai idan abin da wani baƙo ya yi ya tunzura kare ya kare ran mai shi ko nasa.

Tarihin Babban Dane irin

A yau, masana kimiyya sun bambanta dukan rukuni na manyan nau'o'in, wanda aka haɗa da sunan "manyan karnuka". Baya ga karnuka da kansu, ya haɗa da mastiffs, bulldogs, St. Bernards, Dalmatians, Rottweilers, Newfoundlands, Leonbergers. An yi imani da cewa dukansu sun fito ne daga kakanni guda - kare Tibet. Ana ɗaukar wannan nau'in ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin nau'ikan sabis, shaida ta farko ta tabbatar da wanzuwarsa tun daga karni na 12 BC. An yi amfani da manyan karnuka masu ƙarfi shekaru aru-aru don gadin gidajen tsaunuka, farautar manyan mafarauta da kare garken makiyaya. Bayan lokaci, nau'in ya bazu ko'ina cikin yankin. 

Karnukan Tibet sun shahara sosai a Indiya, Farisa da sauran ƙasashen Asiya. A daidai wannan wuri, an fara amfani da su a matsayin "makamin" na soja a fagen yakin soja, wanda ya kara yawan darajar dabbobi. A dokokin Farisa, kashe irin wannan kare laifi ne da ya fi kashe mutum, wanda hakan ya nuna adadin tarar da aka yi wa mai laifin.

Abubuwan da aka gano na archaeological sun nuna cewa manyan Dane na Tibet sun shiga yakin neman zabe da yawa na Sarki Xerxes, ciki har da murkushe tashe-tashen hankula a Masar da Babila da kuma wani dogon yakin Girka. Mai yiyuwa ne a matsayin kofuna waɗanda suka yi nasara ba kawai makamai da zinariya ba, har ma da karnuka masu son yaƙi. Ana samun Hotunan Manyan Dane a kan tsabar kudi na tsohuwar Girka, kuma a cikin Koranti har ma sun yi wani abin tunawa da aka gina don cancantar su a yaƙe-yaƙe da Peloponnese. Aristotle a cikin rubuce-rubucensa ya ba da girmamawa ga iko mai ban mamaki da ƙarfin yanayi na yaƙin karnuka.

Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa ɗalibinsa kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan kwamandoji a tarihin duniya - Alexander the Great - ya zama babban mai sha'awar Molossiyawa (kamar yadda ake kiran baƙi masu gashi daga Tibet a Turai). Ƙwararrun karnuka kuma suna son Romawa. A lokacin zaman lafiya, Manyan Danes sun kasance "a cikin tsari", suna tilasta musu yin yaƙi a cikin zobe a daidai matakin da namun daji mafi haɗari; a lokacin yakin neman zabe, ba ko da yaushe suna tare da sojojin. Tare da legionnaires da 'yan kasuwa, dabbobi sun sauka a kan tsibirin Birtaniya, sun ƙare a kan ƙasar Jamus ta zamani, Faransa da Scandinavia.

Hotunan manyan karnuka ana samun su a kan dutsen runestones da suka rayu har zuwa yau, an ambaci su a cikin tsohuwar almara na Norse, Elder Edda, kuma tarin gidan tarihin tarihi na Denmark yana alfahari da tono kwarangwal bakwai na manyan karnuka farauta waɗanda suka rayu. tsakanin karni na 5 BC. e. da X karni AD. e.

A wata kalma, Manyan Danewa suna da nasu Babban Hijira. Kuma a cikin karni na 19, a yankuna daban-daban na Tsohon Duniya, an haifar da yawancin al'ummomi daban-daban, daban-daban a nau'in jiki da launi, amma mai karfi da manyan Molossians.

Lokacin manyan kamfen na dadadden tarihi ya wuce, a cikin fadace-fadacen sojoji sun yi amfani da dabaru da dabaru daban-daban, kuma tare da inganta makamai, tasirin karnuka a cikin yakin ya zama banza. Wannan zai iya haifar da bacewar nau'in, amma a tsakiyar zamanai, wasu halaye na Manyan Danes sun fito a gaba.

Don shiga cikin farautar babban wasa, suna buƙatar juriya da iyawar masu gudu. Babban nasara a nan an samu ta hanyar masu shayarwa na Ingilishi waɗanda suka ketare "baƙi" tare da "karnukan boar" na gargajiya na Birtaniya. Godiya ga kwayoyin halittar Ingilishi Mastiff da Wolfhound Irish, wakilan nau'in sun sami mafi kyawun tsarin mulki da kafafu masu tsayi. Boars, barewa da boar daji ba su da wata dama a kan fakitin irin waɗannan 'yan wasa. A cikin layi daya, masu gidajen gida sun gane cewa waɗannan ƙattai suna da ilhami mai ƙarfi, don haka manyan Turai da manyan mutane suka fara amfani da Babban Danes a matsayin masu tsaro na sirri da masu gadi marasa lalacewa.

Na dogon lokaci akwai hakikanin rudani a cikin sunayen. Faransa Dogue Allemand, Jamusanci Englische Docke, Turanci Jamus boarhound, Jamus Dogge, Jamus Mastiff, da Ulmer Dogge, Danische Dogge, Hatzrude, Saupacker, Kammerhunde da sauran bambance-bambancen sunaye, a gaskiya, suna nufin iri ɗaya na kare, kodayake saboda saboda haka. don bambance-bambance a cikin phenotype, to, ba lallai ba ne a yi magana game da nau'i ɗaya. 'Yan kasar Denmark ne suka fara yanke shawarar sanya ido kan tsarkin jinin manyansu, a shekara ta 1866 aka amince da ka'idar Babban Dane. Idan muka duba gaba, bari mu ce sha'awar yin aikin ta ragu da sauri, kuma a yau kawai nau'in Ingilishi na sunan The Great Dane - babban Dan Dane - yana tunatar da wannan nau'in.

Sai kawai a ƙarshen karni na 19, masu shayarwa na Jamus sun haɗa kai don manufa ɗaya: don ƙirƙirar nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i na Great Danes, wanda zai hada da mafi kyawun siffofi na waje da halayen aiki na dabbobi daga yankuna daban-daban. Ƙungiya ta farko ta fara ganawa a hukumance a 1878 a Berlin, kuma bayan shekaru biyu wani misali ya bayyana. Ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1888, Ƙungiyar Dog ta Jamus ta fara aikinta, kuma nan da nan aka buga littafin farko na littafin ingarma. Gidajen Mark Hartenstein, Messer, Karl Farber sun sami tasiri mafi ƙarfi akan samuwar layin kiwo.

Don kiyaye tsabtar launi, an ba da izinin samar da 'ya'ya kawai a cikin haɗuwa mai tsanani, in ba haka ba kwayoyin halitta na iya haifar da hasken sautin ko bayyanar wuraren da ba a so. Amma wannan ya kasance a cikin shekarun farko na karni na ashirin. Yaƙin Duniya na biyu ya rage yawan karnuka da gandun daji, don haka a lokacin zaman lafiya dole ne duk duniya ta dawo da adadin mutane da layukan da suka dace.

A yau ana gane nau'in ta manyan kungiyoyin cynological: International Kennel Federation (FCI), American Kennel Club (AKC), Canadian Kennel Club (KC), National Canine Council of Australia (ANKC), ƙungiyoyin ƙasa na ƙasashen Turai. .

Manyan Danish na farko sun zo Rasha kafin juyin juya hali. Sarkin sarakuna Alexander II ya kawo dabbobi biyu daga wani nuni a Hamburg, amma nau'in bai sami farin jini nan take ba. Sai kawai a cikin 70s na karni na karshe a cikin USSR sun shiga cikin kiwo sosai. Don yin wannan, sun sayi karnuka a cikin ƙasashe na sansanin gurguzu - GDR, Poland, Czechoslovakia. Yanzu ana iya samun gidajen reno a manyan birane da yawa.

Bidiyo: Babban Dane

Bayyanar Babban Dane

The Great Dane wani katon iri ne. Ana furta dimorphism na jima'i. Girman namiji a bushewa bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da 80 cm ba, mata - 72 cm. Matsakaicin nauyin babba (fiye da watanni 18) yana farawa daga 54 da 45 kg, bi da bi. Maza sun fi girma saboda girman kwarangwal da ƙarin ƙasusuwan "nauyi".

Kare yana ba da ra'ayi mai ƙarfi, amma daidaitaccen ginanniyar har ma da kyawawan dabba. Maza suna da siffar murabba'i mai faɗi, mata na iya zama ɗan elongated.

Head

Doguwa, kunkuntar, tare da furci amma ba masu fitowa ba. Tasha ta fito da kyau kuma tana kusan a tsakiya tsakanin bakin hanci da bayan kai. Layin sama na muzzle da kwanyar suna layi ɗaya.

hanci

Ci gaba da kyau, fadi maimakon zagaye. Ciwon hanci babba ne. Launin kunnen kunne baƙar fata ne (kawai tare da launin marmara, an ba da izinin canza launi).

jaws

Broad, ingantaccen ci gaba.

hakora

Mai ƙarfi, lafiya. Cizon almakashi, cikakke.

lebe

Tare da ingantattun kusurwoyi, duhu. A cikin marmara Great Danes, an yarda da pigmentation wanda bai cika ba.

Eyes

Siffar zagaye, matsakaicin girman, tare da madaidaicin gashin ido. Kamar yadda duhu zai yiwu, kodayake launuka masu haske suna karɓa a cikin karnuka masu shuɗi da marbled.

Ƙarshe

Kunnuwan Babban Dane an saita su sama da triangular. Rataye a cikin yanayin yanayi, ɓangaren gaba yana kusa da kunci. Docking ya zama dole lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi don farauta, yau zaɓi ne kuma kayan kwalliya ne.

Neck

Doguwa, tsoka. Tsaye tare da ɗan gangara gaba. Yana ba da sauƙi mai sauƙi daga saman jiki zuwa kai.

frame

Jikin kare yana da ƙarfi. Kirjin yana da faɗi, tare da ingantaccen ƙirji da haƙarƙari masu motsi. Ciki ya toshe. Baya gajarta ce kuma mai ƙarfi. Kushin yana da faɗi, ɗan lanƙwasa. Kullun yana da faɗi da tsoka, tare da ɗan gangara daga gangar jikin zuwa gindin wutsiya.

Tail

An saita wutsiya ta Babban Dane. Tapers a hankali daga faffadan tushe zuwa tip. A hutawa, yana rataye da yardar rai. A cikin yanayi mai ban sha'awa, bai kamata ya tashi sama da matakin baya ba.

kafafu

Karfi, tsoka. Idan aka duba su daga gaba, gabaɗaya suna madaidaiciya, baya daidai da gaba. Ƙafafun ƙafar ƙafa masu tsayi mai tsayin kafada suna samar da kafadu tare da haɓakar tsokoki. Ƙarfafa baya, tare da kusurwoyi masu kyau.

Paws

Zagaye, vaulted. Kusoshi gajere ne kuma duhu kamar yadda zai yiwu.

Wool

Gajere sosai kuma mai yawa, mai sheki da santsi.

Launi

Fawn (daga kodadde zinare zuwa zinare mai zurfi tare da abin rufe fuska), brindle (fawn baya tare da ratsi baƙar fata daidai da haƙarƙari), harlequin (fararen fata tare da tabo baƙar fata mara daidaituwa), launuka baƙi da shuɗi ana gane su a cikin Manyan Danes.

Hotunan babban dane

Halin Babban Dane

Daga kowane mai Babban Dane, za ku ji yawan yabo game da irin. Waɗannan ƙattai a zahiri suna da hankali sosai da abokantaka. Tabbas, kwikwiyo yana son wasanni masu aiki kuma yana da haɗari ga ɓarna, wanda, idan aka ba da girmansa, zai iya zama mai lalacewa. Amma ba su da mugunta kuma ba sa yin abubuwa masu banƙyama don jin daɗi, kuma idan a lokacin gwagwarmayar sanda kuka sami kanku a ƙasa, kada ku yi la'akari da irin wannan aikin a matsayin bayyanar ƙiyayya - sau da yawa "jaririn" a lokacin lokacin girma mai aiki kawai ba ya gane girmansa kuma, a sakamakon haka, ba ya auna ƙarfin , wanda ya yi amfani da shi don cin nasara a cikin fasahar Martial.

Tare da shekaru, wannan ya wuce, babban kare ya zama abin kwanciyar hankali da amintaccen abokin tarayya. Ƙwararren ma'anar mai karewa da mai kula da mambobi masu rauni na "fakitin" ya juya Babban Dane ba kawai a cikin mai tsaro ba - tare da irin wannan yarinyar yaron zai kasance lafiya gaba daya, kare ba zai taba bari ya yi laifi ba.

Kar a bar natsuwar waje da kallon halin ko in kula da karen ke jefawa a kusa da shi ya ɓatar da shi. Yakan sa ido kan halin da ake ciki kuma yana sarrafa lamarin don nuna, idan ya cancanta, duk wanda ya shiga cikin rayuwa ko dukiyoyin gidan, wanda ke da iko a nan. A lokaci guda kuma, yawanci ba ya nuna zaluntar masu wucewa da maƙwabta, in ban da dabbobin da ba su da kwanciyar hankali, waɗanda suka lalace sakamakon mugun hali ko tarbiyyar da ba ta dace ba.

Dabbobin jin daɗi da fara'a yana son yin amfani da lokaci tare da danginsa. Dogon rashi na masu shi ba a jure wa hankali sosai ba, saboda haka, idan aikinku ya shafi tafiye-tafiyen kasuwanci akai-akai, muna ba ku shawara ku yi tunani game da ɗan kwikwiyo na nau'in daban.

Ilimi da horo

Babban Dane yana da babban hankali da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya mai kyau, don haka ƙwararren mai shi ba zai sami matsala tare da horo ba. Yana da mahimmanci don fara horo da wuri-wuri - daga farkon kwanakin ɗan kwikwiyo a gidan ku. Hakanan ya shafi zamantakewa. Idan ba a rasa wannan lokacin ba, har ma masu kare kare za su iya guje wa matsaloli tare da fada a filin wasan kare.

Zai fi kyau a iya sarrafa umarni a hankali, koyaushe cikin sauƙi, hanyar wasa. Kar a yi lodin azuzuwan, domin kwikwiyo mai gajiyawa da rashi ba zai iya samun ci gaba sosai ba. Kar a manta game da lada, gami da jiyya, don aikin da aka kammala daidai. Makullin nasara shine haƙuri da kyautatawa. Tabbatar da iko dole ne ya faru da gaba gaɗi da ƙarfi, amma ba tare da tsawa ko, ƙari ba, azabtarwa ta jiki. Dangantaka da aka gina akan sallamawa saboda tsoro suna haifar da yunƙuri na yau da kullun don "haɓare" "shugaba" mai zalunci, kuma yana iya haifar da rugujewar ruhi.

Kulawa da kulawa

Duk da tabbacin da wasu masu shayarwa suka yi cewa Babban Dane yana jin daɗi a cikin ɗakin birni, saboda yanayin kwanciyar hankali da matsakaicin buƙatar motsa jiki, yawancin masana har yanzu suna ba da shawarar fara irin wannan kare ne kawai ga waɗanda ke zaune a cikin gida mai zaman kansa tare da shinge mai shinge. . Gaskiyar ita ce, ya fi kyau a raba wurin zama tare da irin wannan "makwabci" mai girma inda akwai isasshen mita mita ga dukan 'yan uwa.

Bugu da ƙari, mutanen da ke zaune a ƙasa a ƙasa ba su da wuya su yi farin ciki da sautin matakai masu nauyi a sama da kawunansu. Amma mazaunan yadudduka na kusa ba za su damu da kare ba musamman, saboda karnuka ba sa cikin "numfashin-numfashi" masu gajiyawa kuma da wuya su yi haushi. A lokaci guda, tsare tsare ba zai yiwu ba, kare ba ya jure wa zafi mai yawa ko ƙarancin zafi, kuma jama'a na yau da kullun suna tabbatar da ta'aziyya ta hankali.

Rigar wakilan wannan nau'in ɗan gajeren gajere ne, kuma ana nuna molting a matsakaici, don haka, don kula da shi, ya isa ya tsefe gashin matattu sau ɗaya a mako tare da safar hannu na musamman ko goga tare da bristles mai laushi, kuma a cikin bazara. kuma kaka yi wannan hanya sau biyu zuwa sau uku sau da yawa. Don wanka, yi amfani da shamfu na dabbobi kuma kada ku wuce gona da iri - wankewa bayan kowane tafiya ba kawai karin ma'auni ba ne, zai yi mummunar tasiri ga rigakafi na dabba saboda lalata shingen kariya na halitta a cikin nau'i na fim mai kitse.

Daga kwikwiyo, koya wa kare hanyoyin tsafta. Idan aka yi la'akari da girman dabbar, kusan ba zai yuwu a tilasta shi a wurin da ake yanke farawarta ba, kuma idan tsarin ya zama sananne, ba a jin wahala. Yin goge hakora akai-akai tare da man goge baki na musamman yana hana warin baki, samuwar tartar kuma, a mahangar duniya, buƙatar maganin haƙori. Dubawa da tsaftacewa na auricles zai taimaka wajen kauce wa cututtuka na gida ko kuma lura da bayyanar su a cikin lokaci. A cikin taron plaque, ƙara yawan sulfur mugunya, wani wari mai ban sha'awa daga magudanar murya, nan da nan tuntuɓi likita wanda zai bincikar cutar kuma ya rubuta isasshen magani. Haka ma idanu.

Don tsarin al'ada na jiki a lokacin girma da kuma kula da lafiya a lokacin balagagge, ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki ya zama dole, wanda ya fi sauƙi don samar da taimakon abinci mai inganci daga masana'antun da aka tabbatar da bitamin da ma'adanai. Ya kamata abinci mai gina jiki ya haɗa da nama maras nauyi (kaza, naman sa, zomo) a cikin adadin 600-800 g kowace rana ga babban kare, hatsi da kayan lambu. Zaƙi, muffins, naman alade, kyafaffen nama da duk wani abin da ya rage daga teburin ɗan adam an hana su. Ajiye kuɗi na iya kashe muku rayuwar dabbar ku, don haka auna kuɗin da kuɗin ku kafin siyan ɗan kwikwiyo.

Kada mu manta cewa Manyan Danes suna da jinkirin metabolism, don haka aikin jiki nan da nan bayan ciyarwa zai iya haifar da volvulus na hanji. Tsakanin cin abinci da tafiya yakamata ya ɗauki akalla mintuna 30.

Lafiya da cutar Babban Dane

Abin baƙin ciki, ƙaƙƙarfan ginanin canine Apolos ba zai iya yin alfahari da ko dai lafiya ko tsawon rai ba. A cikin shekaru 8-9, Manyan Danes sun riga sun tsufa, akwai dabbobi kaɗan da suka girmi wannan shekarun.

A cewar kididdigar, babban dalilin mutuwa ga wakilan nau'in nau'in shine volvulus da aka ambata a sama, wanda zai iya girma da sauri har ma a cikin yaro da kuma lafiyar dabba. Ba tare da tiyatar gaggawa ba, kusan babu makawa mutuwa. Kumburi mai kaifi, numfashi mai nauyi, amai na kumfa ya kamata ya zama sigina don saduwa da asibiti nan da nan!

Girman girma na Babban Dane yana haifar da matsaloli tare da tsarin musculoskeletal. Mafi na kowa cututtuka: hip da gwiwar hannu dysplasia, amosanin gabbai, wobbler ciwo, osteomyelitis, osteochondrosis, kashi ciwon daji. Har ila yau, matsaloli tare da zuciya (cardiomyopathy, aortic stenosis), kodan (cutar Addison), thyroid gland shine yake (hypothyroidism), fata integuments (demodecosis, fata histiocytoma, granuloma, interdigital dermatitis) ba sabon abu ba ne. Har ila yau, gabobin ji suna shan wahala: kurame, cataracts da entropy na fatar ido suna yiwuwa.

Don tabbatar da ingancin rayuwa ga dabba, yana da mahimmanci a kula da abinci mai gina jiki da aikin jiki, da kuma yin gwaje-gwaje akai-akai ta likitan dabbobi.

Yadda za a zabi ɗan kwikwiyo

Tips don zabar Babban Dane bai bambanta da shawarwarin gabaɗaya don karnuka masu tsabta ba: kawai masu shayarwa masu alhakin, fitattun ɗakunan ajiya da cikakkun takaddun likita waɗanda ke nuna yanayin lafiyar jariri da iyayensa. A lokacin ziyarar sirri, lura da halin ɗan kwikwiyo, kafa lamba tare da shi. Kula da yanayin kiyaye dabbobi.

Hotunan Manyan 'yan kwikwiyo

Nawa ne Babban Dane

Matsakaicin nunin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙanƙara suna sanya ƙwanƙoƙi da yawa daga zuriyar dabbobin “kiwo”. Wannan baya shafar rayuwar kare a cikin dangi mai ƙauna ta kowace hanya, saboda muna magana ne game da nuances na launi, saitin kunnuwa da wutsiya, baka na paw da cikakkun bayanai. Matsakaicin farashin irin waɗannan dabbobin shine $ 300. Idan farashin ya ragu sosai, tare da babban yuwuwar ba muna magana ne game da dabba mai tsabta ba.

Manyan Danniya masu alƙawarin da za su iya yin sana'a kuma za a yi amfani da su wajen kiwo sun fi tsada sosai. Idan kuna da kyawawan tsare-tsare masu alaƙa da siyan kare, ku shirya don biyan ɗan kwikwiyo daga $ 1,000.