Ta yaya karnuka suke "koyi" don fahimtar mutane?

Masana kimiyya sun gano cewa karnuka suna iya fahimtar mutane, musamman, motsin mutum. Kuna iya tabbatar da hakan ta hanyar kunna wasan sadarwa mai gano cutar tare da kare ku. Wannan ikon yana bambanta karnuka har ma da danginmu na kusa - manyan birai.

Amma ta yaya karnuka suka haɓaka wannan ƙarfin? Masu bincike a duniya sun yi wannan tambayar kuma suka fara neman amsa.

Gwajin kwikwiyo

Babban bayanin da ya fi dacewa ya zama karnuka, ta hanyar ba da lokaci mai yawa tare da mutane, wasa tare da mu da kallon mu, kawai sun koyi "karanta" mu. Kuma wannan bayanin ya dubi ma'ana idan dai karnuka masu girma sun shiga cikin gwaje-gwajen, wanda zai iya magance matsalolin sadarwa godiya ga "sa'o'i masu tashi".

Don gwada wannan hasashe, masana kimiyya sun yanke shawarar yin gwaji tare da kwikwiyo. An yi musu gwajin irin na manya karnuka. Binciken ya shafi ƴan ƴaƴan ƴan makonni 9 zuwa 24, inda wasun su ke zaune a cikin iyalai kuma suna halartar azuzuwan horo, wasu kuma har yanzu basu sami masu su ba kuma basu da ɗan gogewa da mutane. Don haka makasudin shine, na farko, fahimtar yadda ƙonawa suke fahimtar mutane, na biyu kuma, don sanin bambanci tsakanin ƴan ƙwanƙwaran da ke da kwarewa daban-daban tare da mutum.

Ƙwararrun ƴan watanni 6 ya kamata su kasance masu ƙwarewa fiye da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun watanni 1,5, kuma wanda ya riga ya "ƙara" kuma ya halarci azuzuwan horo zai fahimci mutum fiye da ɗan kwikwiyo wanda ke tsiro kamar ciyawa a kan hanya.

Sakamakon binciken ya haifar da mamaki a tsakanin masana kimiyya. Hasashen farko ya ruguje zuwa smithereen.

Ya juya daga cewa 'yan kwikwiyo na mako 9 suna da tasiri sosai a "karanta" motsin zuciyar mutane, kuma ba kome ba idan suna zaune a cikin dangin sababbin masu mallakar, inda suke tsakiyar hankali, ko har yanzu suna jiran " tallafi”.

Bugu da kari, daga baya ya juya cewa ko da 'yan kwikwiyo a cikin shekaru 6 makonni daidai suna fahimtar motsin ɗan adam kuma, ƙari, suna iya amfani da alamar tsaka-tsaki wanda ba su taɓa gani ba a matsayin alama.

Wato, "tashi na sa'o'i" ba shi da alaƙa da shi kuma ba zai iya zama bayani ga iyawar karnuka masu ban mamaki don fahimtar mutane ba.

Gwaje-gwaje tare da wolf

Sannan masana kimiyya sun gabatar da wannan hasashe. Idan wannan ingancin ya kasance halayyar kananan 'yan tsana, wataƙila lamirin magabatansu ne. Kuma, kamar yadda ka sani, kakan kare shine kerkeci. Don haka, kyarkeci kuma dole ne su sami wannan damar.

Wato, idan muka yi magana game da matakan bincike na 4 da Niko Tinbergen ya gabatar, maimakon ainihin ra'ayin ontogenetic, masana kimiyya sun yi amfani da ra'ayi na phylogenetic.

Hasashen bai kasance ba tare da tushe ba. Bayan haka, mun san cewa kerkeci suna farauta tare kuma, kasancewa suna tattara dabbobi da maharbi, a zahiri suna fahimtar juna da “harshen jiki” na waɗanda abin ya shafa.

Wannan hasashe kuma ya buƙaci a gwada shi. Don wannan, ya zama dole don nemo wolf. Kuma masu binciken sun tuntubi Christina Williams, wacce ta yi aiki a Wurin Wolf Hollow wolf a Massachusetts. Kerkeci da ke cikin wannan ajiyar mutane ne suka rene su a matsayin kwikwiyo, don haka sun amince da mutumin gabaɗaya kuma sun yi magana da shi da son rai, musamman tare da "Kirji nanny" Christina Williams.

Tare da kerkeci, an aiwatar da bambance-bambance daban-daban na wasan bincike don sadarwa (fahimtar motsin motsi). Kuma tare da duk jurewar waɗannan wolf ga mutane, gwaje-gwajen sun nuna cewa ba su da ikon (ko ba su son) don "karanta" motsin zuciyar mutum kuma ba sa la'akari da su a matsayin alama. Ba su mai da hankali ga mutane ko kaɗan sa’ad da suke yanke shawara. Hasali ma sun yi irin yadda manyan birai suka yi.

Bugu da ƙari, ko da lokacin da aka horar da wolf na musamman don "karanta" motsin ɗan adam, yanayin ya canza, amma kullun ba su kai ga ƙwanƙwasa ba.

Wataƙila gaskiyar ita ce, kyarkeci gabaɗaya ba sa sha’awar yin wasannin ɗan adam, in ji masu binciken. Kuma don gwada wannan, sun ba da wasannin ƙwaƙwalwar kerkeci. Kuma a cikin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen, masu farauta masu launin toka sun nuna kyakkyawan sakamako. Wato ba batun rashin son magana da mutum ba ne.

Don haka ba a tabbatar da hasashen gadon kwayoyin halitta ba.

Menene sirrin kare?

Lokacin da hasashe biyu na farko, waɗanda suka yi kama da mafi bayyane, sun kasa, masu binciken sun yi wata sabuwar tambaya: saboda menene canje-canjen kwayoyin halitta a kan hanyar zuwa gida, karnuka sun bambanta daga wolf? Bayan haka, juyin halitta ya yi aikinsa, kuma karnuka sun bambanta da kyarkeci - watakila nasarar juyin halitta ne karnuka suka koyi fahimtar mutane ta hanyar da babu wani mai rai da zai iya yi? Kuma saboda wannan, kerkeci sun zama karnuka?

Hasashen ya kasance mai ban sha'awa, amma ta yaya za a gwada shi? Bayan haka, ba za mu iya komawa ga dubun-dubatar shekaru kuma mu sake bi ta hanyar dukan wolf na gida ba.

Duk da haka, an gwada wannan hasashe saboda godiya ga masanin kimiyya daga Siberiya, wanda tsawon shekaru 50 ya gudanar da gwaji a kan gida na foxes. Wannan gwaji ne ya ba da damar tabbatar da hasashen juyin halitta na asalin iyawar karnuka don mu'amala da mutane.

Koyaya, wannan labari ne mai ban sha'awa wanda ya cancanci labarin daban.

Karanta: Zaman gida na karnuka, ko yadda foxes suka taimaka bayyana wani babban sirrin kare