Rashin fahimta na "mai fassara doggy"

Kodayake kimiyyar dabi'ar dabba tana ci gaba ta hanyar tsalle-tsalle da iyakoki, da rashin alheri, har yanzu akwai "ƙwararrun masana" waɗanda ba sa son koyo da kuma riƙe ra'ayi game da horar da kare da aka yarda kawai a lokacin Inquisition. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan "ƙwararrun" shine wanda ake kira "mai fassarar kare" Kaisar Millan.

Menene kuskuren "mai fassarar kare"?

Duk abokan ciniki da magoya bayan Kaisar Millan suna da abubuwa guda biyu: suna son karnuka kuma basu san komai ba game da ilimi da horo. Hakika, kare mara kyau na iya zama gwaji mai tsanani har ma da haɗari. Kuma abu ne na dabi'a cewa mutanen da suke fuskantar matsaloli suna neman taimako don su rayu cikin jituwa da dabbobinsu. Amma, kash, "taimako" wani lokaci na iya zama babban bala'i ga abokan cinikin da ba su da kwarewa.

Abin sani kawai cewa mutanen da ba su da masaniya game da halayen dabbobi, ganin Kaisar Millan a tashar National Geographic, suna jin dadi. Koyaya, National Geographic wani lokacin kuskure ne.

Akwai dalilai da yawa da ya sa mutane suka zama magoya bayan Kaisar Millan. Yana da kwarjini, yana nuna ƙarfin gwiwa, koyaushe "san" abin da zai yi, kuma mafi mahimmanci, yana magance matsaloli da sauri. Kuma wannan shine abin da yawancin masu mallakar ke nema - "maɓallin sihiri". Ga mai kallo da ba shi da kwarewa, kamar sihiri ne.

Amma duk wanda ke da ƙaramin ra'ayin dabi'ar dabba zai gaya muku nan da nan: shi mai ruɗi ne.

Kaisar Millan yana wa'azin ƙa'idodin rinjaye da biyayya. Har ma ya ƙirƙiri lakabin nasa don lakafta karnuka "matsala": kare daga yankin ja kare ne mai zalunci, mai biyayya da natsuwa - haka ya kamata kare mai kyau ya kasance, da sauransu. A cikin littafinsa, ya yi magana game da dalilai 2 na cin zarafi na kare: "mafi yawan zalunci" - sun ce kare shine "shugaba na halitta" wanda mai shi bai "mamaye shi" yadda ya kamata ba kuma saboda haka ya zama mai tayar da hankali a cikin ƙoƙari na kwace kursiyin. . Wani nau'in cin zarafi da ya kira "tsoron tashin hankali" shine lokacin da kare ya nuna hali mai tsanani a cikin ƙoƙari na guje wa abubuwan da ba ya so. Kuma ga matsalolin biyu, yana da "magani" guda ɗaya - rinjaye.

Ya bayar da hujjar cewa yawancin karnuka masu matsala “kawai ba sa mutunta masu su” kuma ba a yi musu horo mai kyau ba. Ya zargi mutane da cin zarafin karnuka - kuma wannan, a gefe guda, yana da gaskiya, amma a daya bangaren, shi da kansa ba daidai ba ne. Duk ƙwararrun masu halayyar kare za su gaya muku cewa halayensa ba daidai ba ne kuma su bayyana dalilin da ya sa.

Yawancin ra'ayoyin Millan ana zaton sun dogara ne akan rayuwar wolf "a cikin daji". Matsalar ita ce, kafin 1975, Wolves sun kasance suna kashewa sosai har yana da matsala sosai don nazarin su a cikin daji. An yi nazarin su a zaman bauta, inda akwai “garken da aka riga aka kera” a cikin iyakataccen yanki. Wato, a haƙiƙa, waɗannan gidajen yari ne masu tsaro. Sabili da haka, a ce halayen wolf a cikin irin waɗannan yanayi aƙalla sun yi kama da na halitta, don sanya shi a hankali, ba daidai ba ne. A gaskiya ma, binciken da aka yi a cikin daji daga baya ya nuna cewa fakitin wolf iyali ne, kuma dangantaka tsakanin mutane suna tasowa daidai, dangane da haɗin kai da kuma rarraba matsayi.

Matsala ta biyu kuma ita ce fakitin karnuka ya sha bamban a tsarinsa da tarin kerkeci. Duk da haka, mun riga mun rubuta game da wannan.

Kuma karnuka da kansu, a cikin tsarin gida, sun fara bambanta da yawa a cikin hali daga Wolves.

Amma idan kare ya daina kerkeci, to me ya sa aka ba mu shawarar mu ɗauke su kamar namun daji masu haɗari waɗanda suke buƙatar “yanke a sāke su”?

Me ya sa yake da daraja yin amfani da wasu hanyoyin horo da kuma gyara halayen karnuka?

Hukunci da abin da ake kira hanyar " nutsewa" ba hanyoyin gyara hali bane. Irin waɗannan hanyoyin na iya murkushe halayen kawai - amma na ɗan lokaci. Domin babu abin da aka koya wa kare. Kuma ba dade ko ba dade, matsalar matsalar za ta sake bayyana—wani lokaci ma da ƙarfi. A lokaci guda kuma, kare wanda ya koyi cewa mai shi yana da haɗari kuma wanda ba a iya tsammani ba ya rasa amincewa, kuma mai shi yana samun ƙarin matsaloli wajen kiwon da horar da dabba.

Kare na iya "ɓata hali" saboda dalilai da yawa. Wataƙila ba za ta ji daɗi ba, ƙila ka koya wa dabbar (ko da ba da gangan ba) “mummunan hali”, kare na iya samun mummunan gogewa da ke da alaƙa da wannan ko wannan yanayin, dabbar na iya zama mara kyau na zamantakewa… Amma babu ɗayan waɗannan dalilan “ bi da” ta rinjaye.

Sauran, mafi inganci da hanyoyin horarwa na ɗan adam an daɗe ana haɓaka su, bisa daidai binciken kimiyya na halayen kare. Ba shi da alaƙa da "gwagwarmayar mamayewa." Bugu da ƙari, hanyoyin da suka danganci tashin hankali na jiki suna da haɗari ga mai shi da sauransu, saboda suna haifar da zalunci (ko, idan kun yi sa'a (ba kare ba), koya rashin taimako) kuma suna da tsada a cikin dogon lokaci. .

Yana yiwuwa a koya wa kare duk wani fasaha da ake bukata don rayuwa ta al'ada, kawai tare da amfani da ƙarfafawa. Sai dai idan ba shakka, ba ku da kasala don samar da kuzarin kare da sha'awar mu'amala da ku - amma wannan ya fi sauƙi a yi fiye da yadda mutane da yawa ke tunani.

Yawancin sanannun ƙwararrun horar da karnuka kamar Ian Dunbar, Karen Pryor, Pat Miller, Dokta Nicholas Dodman da Dokta Suzanne Hetts sun kasance masu sukar hanyoyin Kaisar Millan. A gaskiya ma, babu wani ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masu sana'a a cikin wannan filin da za su goyi bayan irin waɗannan hanyoyin. Kuma galibi sun yi gargaɗi kai tsaye cewa amfani da su yana haifar da lahani kai tsaye kuma yana haifar da haɗari ga duka kare da mai shi.

Me kuma za ku iya karantawa akan wannan batu?

Blauvelt, R. "Tsarin Horar da Kare Wasiwasi Ya Gabatar da Cutar da Fiye da Taimako." Labaran Dabbobi. Fall 2006. 23; 3, shafi na 1-2. Buga.

Kerkhove, Wendy van. "Sabon Kallon Ka'idar Wolf-Pack na Abokin Dabbobin Dabbobin Dabbobin Jama'a" Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science; 2004, Vol. 7 Fitowa ta 4, p279-285, 7p.

Luescher, Andrew. "Wasika zuwa National Geographic Game da 'The Dog Whisperer'." Shigar Yanar Gizo. Urban Dawgs. An shiga ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 2010. (http://www.urbandawgs.com/luescher_millan.html)

Mech, L. David. "Matsayin Alpha, rinjaye, da rarraba aiki a cikin fakitin kerkeci." Jaridar Kanada na Zoology 77: 1196-1203. Jamestown, N.D. 1999.

Mech, L. David. "Me ya faru da Term Alpha Wolf?" Shigar Yanar Gizo. 4 Jami'ar Paws. An shiga ranar 16 ga Oktoba, 2010. (http://4pawsu.com/alphawolf.pdf)

Meyer, E. Kathryn; Ciribassi, John; Sueda, Kari; Krause, Karen; Morgan, Kelly; Parthasarathy, Valli; Yin, Sophia; Bergman, Laurie." AVSAB Letter the Merial." Yuni 10, 2009.

Semyonova, A. "Ƙungiyar zamantakewa na kare gida; nazari na dogon lokaci game da halayen canine na cikin gida da kuma tsarin zamantakewar canine na gida." Gidauniyar Carriage House, Hague, 2003. Shafuka 38. Buga.