kwarangwal da jiki na bera, tsarin ciki da tsarin gabobin

Mallakar bayanai game da dabi'un physiological na rodents yawanci haƙƙin masanan dabbobi ne da likitocin dabbobi. Duk da haka, yana da amfani ga masu shi su san menene tsarin jikin bera. Wannan zai ba ka damar fahimtar dangantaka tsakanin kulawa, abinci mai gina jiki da cututtuka masu yiwuwa. Har ila yau, fahimtar fahimtar yadda aka gina dabbar dabba yana tabbatar da saurin amsawa ga alamun zafi da rashin jin daɗi.

Tsarin waje na bera

A lokacin gwajin farko na waje, ana iya lura da adadi mai yawa na gashi a jikin duka. Wannan alama ce ta wannan ajin na dabbobi masu shayarwa. Babban ayyuka na ulu:

• thermal rufi;
• shiga cikin hulɗa;
• kariya daga lalacewa.

Jikin dabba yana da:

• kawunansu;
• wuyansa;
• gangar jiki;
• wutsiya

Kan dabbar yana da girma dangane da jiki. An nuna muzzle, sashin baya yana kusa da ɗan gajeren wuyansa. Kwanyar bera ta ƙunshi sassa 3:

• parietal;
• na ɗan lokaci;
• occipital.

An raba muzzle zuwa:

• kwasfan ido;
• hanci;
• bakin.

A ƙarshen muzzle akwai vibrissae - bristles da aka tsara don taɓawa. Ana siffanta berayen da kasancewar membrane mai nictitating da jajayen idanu.

Masana sun raba jikin rowan gida uku:

• dorsal-thoracic;
• lumbar - ciki;
• sacro-gluteal.

Gabban dabbobin suna da yatsu biyar. A kan ƙafafu sun fi girma fiye da hannayensu. Ƙafafun tafin hannu da tafin hannu suna da alaƙa da rashin gashin gashi.

Wutsiyar rodents yana da kauri, yana lissafin kashi 85% na jimlar tsayin jiki. Matar tana da dogon wutsiya. A saman an rufe shi da zobba masu banƙyama da kitsen rawaya. Maimakon ulu, akwai bristles.

Dabbobin mata suna da nau'ikan nonuwa guda 6, biyu daga cikinsu suna cikin hammata, ɗaya a kan ƙirji, uku kuma a cikin ciki. A wajen lokacin ciki, gashi mai kauri yana ɓoye su. An ƙaddara jima'i na bera ta hanyar nazarin baya: a cikin mata, kullun yana da siffar triangle, kuma a cikin maza ya bambanta da siffar silinda.

Maza da suka balaga cikin jima'i na iya kai nauyin 400 g. Mata sun fi ƙanƙanta.

Rat kwarangwal

Tsarin kwarangwal na dabba ya ƙunshi kashi da sassa na cartilaginous, kuma ya haɗa da ƙasusuwa 264 masu siffofi da girma dabam dabam. Cranium yana da siffar elongated. Akwai sassa da yawa na kashin baya:

• na mahaifa;
• thoracic;
• sacral.

Bangaren kashin baya a cikin kwarangwal na bera yana da fayafai sama da dozin biyu.

Duk da cewa kwarangwal na rodent ya bambanta da tsarin kwarangwal na ɗan adam, masana kimiyya da yawa suna jayayya cewa lokacin shimfiɗa kashin baya, za a sami raguwar kwafin ɗan adam, har zuwa kamannin wurin da ƙasusuwan ɗaya suke.

Wurin gabobin ciki

Atlas ɗin anatomical kuma yana ba da labari game da yadda tsarin gaba ɗaya na gabobin cikin rodent ɗin suke kama.

Ana iya samun wannan bayanin a gani idan an yi gwajin gawar bera. Bayan fara aikin, diaphragm ya fara buɗewa, wanda ya raba yankunan thoracic da na ciki.

Kai tsaye kasa da diaphragm akwai hantar bera. Yana da launin ja mai haske kuma wani bangare ya rufe ciki mai siffar pear.

A ƙasa, yawan adadin ƙwayar hanji yana buɗewa. An rufe shi da omentum - sashin jiki don tara kitsen dabba.

Siffar halayyar wannan nau'in rodents ita ce rashin gallbladder. Ana ba da bile ta hanyar bututun hanta kai tsaye zuwa duodenum.

Amma rodents suna da tsayi mai tsayi, wanda yake gefen hagu na ciki. Idan an cire hanjin daga cikin rami na ciki, to, ana samun kodan guda biyu masu siffar wake a kasa. Suna samuwa a asymmetrically - hagu yana zurfafa a ƙarƙashin matsa lamba na ciki. Masu ureters suna kaiwa zuwa mafitsara da ke cikin ƙananan ciki. Gwajin maza da hadaddun gabobin haihuwa na berayen mata ma suna nan a wurin.

Tsarin jijiyoyin jini yana wakilta a fili ta ƙananan vena cava don fitowar jini cikin zuciya daga gabobin peritoneum. Har ila yau, yana samun aorta, wanda ya zama dole don samar da cikakken jini ga gabobin baya.

Lokacin da ake bincika kogon ƙirji, ana iya ganin nau'i biyu na huhu mai ruwan hoda da zuciya mai manyan tasoshin. Huhu suna rataye da yardar kaina a kan bronchi, kuma ba a haɗa su da ƙirji ba. Mafi zurfi shine esophagus, wanda ke haɗa pharynx tare da ciki.

Lokacin nazarin tsarin ciki na bera, yana da mahimmanci a tuna da irin wannan sashin jiki kamar kwakwalwa. Kamar yawancin dabbobi masu shayarwa, yana da sassa da yawa da ke da alhakin ayyukan tunani. Masana sun raba kwakwalwar bera zuwa sassa 4, kowannensu yana da tsari mai sarkakiya.

Abubuwa masu ban sha'awa daga ilimin lissafi

Likitocin dabbobi da masu ilimin halitta, suna nazarin tsarin jikin bera da ilimin halittar jiki, sun lura da wasu abubuwa masu ban sha'awa:

• Yawancin binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje akan rodents an bayyana su ta hanyar kamanni na ilimin halittar berayen da mutane;
• dabbobi ba su da tonsils da manyan yatsa;
• maza suna da nama don samuwar glandar mammary, amma babu nonuwa ko da a cikin ƙuruciyarsu;
• mata suna da azzakari na waje da za a iya amfani da su don yin fitsari;
• a cikin berayen, huhun dama da hagu suna da tsari daban-daban. A cikin farko akwai 4 hannun jari, kuma a cikin na biyu - daya kawai;
• rodents suna da ƙari, wanda wani lokaci yakan ruɗe tare da ƙari na ciki;
• ba kamar mutane da kuliyoyi ba, berayen zabiya ba sa fama da matsalar ji;
• bayyanar ultrasonic yana ba rodents rashin jin daɗi, amma suna iya jurewa da shi;
• rodents ba su da lebe a bakinsu. A maimakon haka, an kafa tazara mai nadewa sama da ƙananan muƙamuƙi;
• Namiji yana ciyar da dakika 2 akan hadi, don haka ajiye masu madigo a cikin keji guda yana tabbatar da kasancewar zuriya.

Muhimmanci! Ƙofar jin zafi na rodents yana da girma sosai, dabba yana ba da sigina game da kasancewar ciwo kawai tare da alamun cututtuka masu tsanani. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa m marigayi ganewar asali na tsanani pathologies, don haka masu dabbobi kada su yi sakaci da m jarrabawa na su dabbobi.