Babban bera a duniya: Hotunan ƙato da ƙaƙƙarfan mutane

Beraye sune tsofaffin dabbobi masu shayarwa da aka rarraba a duk duniya. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce yawancin mutane ba su da halin tsaka tsaki ga waɗannan dabbobi mafi wayo. Masu kiwon bera, suna son ƴan ƴan dabbobinsu masu laushi, suma sun fara mutunta danginsu na daji. Amma ga mafi yawan mutane, ambaton beraye kawai yana haifar da kyama da kyama.

Mummunan yana dumama ta hanyar fina-finai masu ban sha'awa da ayyuka masu ban sha'awa game da manyan berayen tare da idanu masu haske suna ƙone a cikin duhu da haƙoran orange. Bayan alkalumman al'adu, mutane suna ba da himma sosai ga junansu labarai masu ban tsoro daga rayuwa ta gaske game da kattai masu kishin jini suna kai wa mutum hari. Amma ba duk abin da ya fi ban tsoro. Manyan dabbobin daji na beraye a zahiri suna da kwanciyar hankali da kwanciyar hankali da ƙananan dabbobi waɗanda ba sa iya yin laifi ko da ƙaramin yaro.

Babban bera a duniya

Mutane da yawa masu idanu masu firgita suna ba da labarun cewa manyan beraye a duniya na iya zama girman cat, kuma… sun yi kuskure sosai. Manyan rodents na daji da aka kama kwanan nan a tsibirin Papua a New Guinea sun fi girman dabbobi masu shayarwa kusan sau 4 !!! Wata sabuwar dabba, wacce har yanzu ba ta da sunan kimiyya na hukuma, tana zaune a cikin ramin dutsen mai aman wuta na Bosavi.

Abu mafi ban sha'awa shi ne cewa an gano bera mafi girma a duniya a shekara ta 2009 a lokacin daukar fim din tashar BBC, lokacin da rogon da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba ya fada cikin ruwan tabarau na kyamara. An kama dabbar mai launin toka don yin ma'aunin jiki da auna, dabbar tana da girman cm 82 tare da nauyin jiki 1,5 kg. Wutsiyar rogon daji kadai ya kai 30 cm tsayi, wanda ya ninka girman jikin berayen ado na gida sau 2.

Bugu da ƙari ga ƙididdiga masu ban sha'awa da nauyin jiki, babban rodent ba shi da bambanci da berayen launin toka na yau da kullum, na kowa a duk duniya. An sanya wa sabuwar dabbar suna Bosavi bera mai ulu kafin a ba shi sunan da ya dace bayan nazari dalla-dalla game da sifofin jiki da yanayin jikin wannan nau'in.

Duk da haka, babban rogon har yanzu yana da siffa ta musamman. Duk da bayyanarsa mai ban tsoro, beran Bosavi ba shi da cikakken ƙarfi kuma har ma da zaman lafiya, don haka ba zai iya zama jarumin fina-finai masu ban tsoro ba game da ɗigon jini masu launin toka.

Ko da yake a cikin mazauna babban birnin kasar akwai tatsuniyoyi game da manyan berayen Indonesiya da ke zaune a cikin metro na Moscow. Wannan wani labari ne kawai, wanda ya ƙunshi bayanai game da gano wani katon rowan a New Guinea da kuma tunanin daji na masu ba da labari.

Bera ulu Bosavi an san shi a hukumance a matsayin rodent mai girman girman jiki. Ko da yake kawai shekaru dubu da suka wuce, watakila da dabino da aka bai wa wani irin giant pasyukov. Kwanan nan, yayin da ake tonowa a kudu maso gabashin Asiya, masu binciken kayan tarihi sun gano ragowar tsoffin berayen, wanda ya kai tsayin kusan 1,5 m tare da yiwuwar nauyin 6 kg !!! Irin waɗannan manyan mutane, a fili, marubutan almara na kimiyya sun bayyana su a cikin labarun game da berayen mutant.

Manyan berayen a Rasha

Yana da nisa sosai daga Rasha zuwa New Guinea, amma saboda wasu dalilai direbobin jirgin karkashin kasa na Moscow suna son sake ba da labarai masu ban tsoro game da manyan beraye masu girman girman karen da ke zaune a cikin ramukan karkashin kasa. Waɗannan dodanni masu launin toka suna da kona koren idanu ko jajayen idanu, ana siffanta su da ƙara tsanantawa da kuma cikakkiyar rigakafi ga duk sanannun guba.

Masu jin sanyi suna da nisa daga gaskiya, tun da a Rasha mafi yawan berayen launin toka, lokacin da aka auna daga hanci zuwa saman wutsiya, tsawonsa bai wuce 40 cm ba, kuma sun zauna don auna har zuwa gindin wutsiya. - ko da 25 cm. Sabili da haka, duk labarun game da manyan berayen dodo a cikin Rasha kawai fantasy.

Berayen launin toka sun kai kimanin g 400, suna zaune a cikin magudanar ruwa, dakunan kasa, benaye na kasa, suna cin ragowar abinci a cikin juji na birni. Pasyuks na iya zama a cikin burrows kusa da bankunan tafkuna da koguna a cikin yanayi mai dumi, suna mamaye gidajen mutane a cikin hunturu don neman abinci. Rodents na iya cin kowane irin abinci, duka na dabba da asalin shuka. Mamayewar berayen launin toka yana tsorata yawancin mutane saboda lalacewar dukiya, zalunci ga mutane da cututtukan cututtuka masu haɗari waɗanda pasyuki ke ɗauka.

Mafi kusa dangi na launin toka pasyukov ne baƙar fata berayen zaune a Rasha bushe cellars da attics. Dabbobin baƙi sun fi ƙanƙanta da takwarorinsu kuma suna da tsayin jiki na 22 cm da nauyin 300 g. Ba baki ko launin toka pasyuki ba zai iya kaiwa girman cat, har ma fiye da haka kare, saboda haka, yana da sauƙi a danganta da labarun game da manyan berayen dodo a Rasha. m.

An haifi berayen cikin gida a ƙarƙashin yanayin dakin gwaje-gwaje mara kyau kuma sun zama shahararrun dabbobi. Ƙananan berayen, ba kamar danginsu na daji ba, suna da ra'ayin mutum kuma suna da dangantaka mai karfi ga mai shi. Berayen ado suna da haɓakar hankali, jin daɗin jin daɗi, ikon tausayawa da dariya.

Dabbobin kayan ado, dangane da nau'in da jinsi, sun kai girman 18-20 cm tare da nauyin 300-350 g. Tabbas, wasu lokuta masu son berayen suna nuna hotunan manyan berayen gida masu nauyin kimanin gram 500, amma waɗannan bayanan suna faruwa ne sakamakon kiba na banal a kan tushen cin abinci da kuma rashin motsa jiki na yau da kullun.

Manyan dangi na kusa da beraye

A duniyar duniyar, akwai rodents daji da yawa waɗanda suke kama da pasyukov. Tabbas, masu sha'awar labarun ban tsoro sukan dauki hoton dangin berayen don tabbatar da tatsuniyoyi na mutanan launin toka, amma waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa ba su da alaƙa da jinsin Rattus.

Giant marsupial bera

Giant marsupial ko kuma dan Gambiya yana zaune a Afirka, babban rogon yana girma har zuwa 90 cm tsayi, yana da nauyin jiki har zuwa 1,5 kg. A cikin bayyanar, mafi wayo mai shayarwa, hakika, yayi kama da babban pasyuk mai launin toka, amma dangi ne na kusa ba na bera ba, amma na mice.

Bugu da kari, bera na marsupial ba ya nufin dabbobin marsupial da ke da jakar daukar jarirai. An haifi 'ya'yan babban rodent a shirye don rayuwa a cikin yanayin waje kuma suna zaune tare da mahaifiyarsu a cikin gida.

An ba da sunan "marsupials" ga manyan dabbobin Afirka don manyan jakar kunci wanda berayen Gambiya ke ɗaukar abinci kamar hamsters.

Giant rodent, kamar pasyuki, shi ne omnivore, yana amfani da 'ya'yan itatuwa, kayan lambu, tururuwa da katantanwa don abinci. Ba kamar berayen ba, dabbar da ke shayarwa ta Afirka tana fama da rashin kyawun gani, wanda ya fi ramawa ta hanyar haɓakar jin ƙamshi. Kungiyar ARORO ta kasar Beljiyam ce ta yi nasarar amfani da wannan siffa ta rodents, wadda ke horar da dabbobi masu hankali kan dabarun gano cutar tarin fuka da nakiyoyin da ke hana mutane aiki. Godiya ga girman basirarsa da yanayin zaman lafiya, babban bera na marsupial har ma ya zama dabbar dabba a kasashen kudu.

Babban bera

Wani babban rowan da ke zaune a gabar ruwa na Afirka. Wurin da aka fi so na babban bera shine ciyayi da ke kusa da koguna da tafkuna, wuraren fadama, gonaki da ake nomawa da matsugunan mutane. Dabbobin da ke shayar da shayarwa suna da jiki mai yawa, tare da girma na 60 cm, ya kai nauyin kilo 9. Al'ummar yankin sun yi nasarar farautar berayen, inda suke amfani da naman dabbobi wajen cin abinci.

Wani rowan da ake ciyar da shi yana iyo sosai, sau da yawa yakan shafe yawancin lokacinsa a cikin ruwa. Ba kamar omnivores ba, berayen kankara ciyayi ne zalla, suna ciyar da rake, masara, kabewa, dawa, da ciyawa ta giwa. Hare-haren da garkuna da yawa na manyan beraye ke haifar da mummunar illa ga aikin noma, don haka manoman Afirka suna amfani da ciyayi masu cin kwari da mongooses don kare gonakinsu.

Babban Bamboo Rat

Babban rowan da ke zaune a kudancin China, arewacin Burma da Thailand. Babban dabba yana girma har zuwa 50 cm kuma yana da nauyin jiki har zuwa 4 kg. Babban wurin zama na babban dabbobi masu shayarwa shine burrows da dogayen hanyoyin karkashin kasa wanda berayen ke tona tare da farantansu masu karfi. Dabbar tana ciyar da abinci na shuka: tushen da tushen bamboo, da kuma 'ya'yan itatuwa na wurare masu zafi.

Wani babban bera na gora ya zama tauraruwar bidiyo ta Intanet bayan da wani dan kasar China ya kama wani babban mutum na wannan nau'in nauyin kilogiram 11 !!! Amma, abin takaici, ba a rubuta wannan rikodin a ko'ina ba, kuma ya kasance ne kawai a cikin wani nau'i mai ban sha'awa na wani ɗan gajeren dan kasar Sin da wani katon rodent mai launin toka a hannunsa.

Capybara

Haƙiƙa ana ɗaukar capybara ko capybara a matsayin mafi girma rodent a duniya. Dabbobi suna da tsayin jiki na 1-1,4 m tare da nauyin har zuwa 65 kg. A waje, capybara yayi kama da wata katuwar alade mai cin abinci mai kyau, amma ba bera ba, don haka yana da matukar wahala a kuskure tsuntsun ruwa don babban pasyuk. Dabba mai shayarwa, ba kamar beraye ba, tana da katon kai mai zagaye da ƙulli, wani katon jiki mai kiba mai gajerun ƙafafu tare da murfin ninkaya.

Capybara yana zaune ne kawai a cikin ƙasashe masu dumin yanayi: Argentina, Venezuela, Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Uruguay. Capybaras sun zaɓi bankunan manyan koguna don matsugunin su, amma tare da rashin abinci, dabbobi suna ƙaura zuwa ƙasa mai nisa. Don abinci, rodents suna amfani da abincin shuka kawai. Saboda girman girman su da nama mai dadi, mai tunawa da naman alade, capybaras ana yin su a gonaki a Venezuela. Ana amfani da fata na dabbobi masu shayarwa don kera kayan fata, ana amfani da kitsen a masana'antar harhada magunguna.

Otter

Ana kiran coypu beran ruwa don ƙwanƙolinsa na lemu, kamar na coypu launin toka, amma coypu ko otter ba su da alaƙa da berayen. Rodent yana girma har zuwa 60 cm tare da nauyin 5 zuwa 12 kg. Ba kamar berayen ba, nutria yana da takamaiman fasali na jiki saboda salon rayuwar sa na ruwa: membranes na ninkaya akan gaɓoɓin baya da wutsiya mai zagaye da aka yi amfani da ita azaman rudder.

Wata katuwar rowan tana rayuwa a cikin tafkuna da ruwa maras kyau, wanda ke gefen gabar koguna, tafkuna da fadama. Don abinci, dabbar da ke shayarwa tana cin ciyawa, lili na ruwa da ƙwanƙarar ruwa, amma tare da rashin abinci, ba za ta ƙi leshi ko mollusks ba.

Ana yin nutria a cikin gonakin Jawo don samun Jawo mai dumi mai mahimmanci da nama. Kwanan nan, an fara dabbobi masu fure a matsayin dabbobi.

Tare da babban shimfidawa, beavers, raccoons, mongooses da duk sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa za a iya danganta su ga berayen, za a sami sha'awa. Amma mun sake maimaitawa, waɗannan dabbobin ba ma dangin pasyuks ba ne. Don haka, tatsuniyoyi da suka yaɗu na manyan ƴan ɗimbin launin toka masu ƙona idanu suna kai wa mutane hari, wani abu ne kawai na tunanin ɗan adam. Beraye ba ruwansu da shi.

Bidiyo: berayen mutant a cikin jirgin karkashin kasa