Manyan Bayanan Kudan zuma guda 10 masu ban sha'awa ga masu kiwon zuma

Godiya ga ƙananan halittu masu ban sha'awa - ƙudan zuma, tsarin pollination na yawancin tsire-tsire yana faruwa. Shirya rayuwarsu ne da gaske mamaki: da kudan zuma iyali ne tsananin shirya, duk aikin a cikin hive ne yi da ma'aikaci ƙudan zuma (su ne mata). Akwai kwarin zuma kusan 200 a duniya, kuma 000 daga cikinsu ne kawai suke zamantakewa. Ya fi ko žasa bayyananne da ƙudan zuma, amma menene masu kiwon kudan zuma suke yi?

Mai kiwon kudan zuma mutum ne mai kiwo da kiwon kudan zuma. Idan muka ci zuma, ba kasafai muke tunanin irin kokarin da aka yi wajen samun ta ba.

Kiwon zuma aiki ne mai wuyar gaske, kuma wani lokacin yana buƙatar cikakken sadaukarwa. Kuna iya yin karatu don wannan sana'a duka a makarantar ƙwararrun ilimi ta sakandare da kuma mafi girma.

Idan kuna nan, to kuna sha'awar wannan batu. Ba za mu jinkirta ba kuma nan da nan gaya muku game da 10 mafi ban sha'awa abubuwa game da ƙudan zuma ga kudan zuma. Yana da ilimi!

10 Kudan zuma koyaushe za ta sami hanyar gida

Amsar tambayar: “Ta yaya kudan zuma ke samun hanyarsu ta gida?” a zahiri mai sauqi ne, duk da cewa kudan zuma halittu ne masu ban mamaki da ban mamaki. Lokacin da suka tashi gida, ana bi da su ta hanyar polarization na haske a sararin sama, ta wurin matsayin Rana, ta wurin shimfidar wuri..

Bugu da kari, na kwanaki da yawa suna tunawa da hanyar zuwa hikimomin su. Idan yanayi ya yi gizagizai kuma ganuwa ba ta da kyau, kudan zuma za ta sami hanyar gida.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: an yi imani da cewa kudan zuma ya fi girma, mafi girman nisa da zai iya tashi da kuma tunawa da hanyar zuwa amya.

9. "An hatimce" don hunturu

Daga taken sakin layi, kuna iya tunanin cewa ƙudan zuma da kansu an rufe su ko ta yaya, amma wannan ya ɗan bambanta. Domin ƙudan zuma su kasance lafiya, ƙarfi da rayuwa mai tsawo, mai kula da kudan zuma dole ne ya kula da yanayin hunturu mai kyau..

Yawancin kwari, da rashin alheri, ba su tsira daga hunturu ba, don haka an rufe su da amya. Lokacin hunturu yana farawa bayan aiwatar da tattara zuma - kwari suna "rufe" a cikin hive. A can suna samar da tubers masu yawa kuma, godiya ga zafi, dumi juna.

A cikin ƙananan zafin jiki, ƙudan zuma suna yin aiki sosai, don haka ana cin abinci da yawa. Wadannan dalilai ne ke ƙayyade buƙatar kulawa da rufin hive.

8. Daukewa da ɗaukar nauyin nasu sau 40

Yana da wuya a yarda cewa waɗannan ƙananan halittu suna iya ɗaukar nauyin nauyin su sau 40! Kwarin yana da kawai 12-14 mm. a tsawon kuma 5-6 a tsawo. Nauyinsa (idan an auna shi akan komai a ciki) kusan 1/10 na gram.

Wani lokaci waɗannan halittu masu ban mamaki - ƙudan zuma, dole ne su ɗaga maɗaukakin nauyi a cikin iska: tashi daga cikin hive tare da gawar drone, kudan zuma yana ɗaukar sau biyu kamar yadda yake auna kansa.

Gudun tafiyar ƙudan zuma ya dogara da nauyin da suke tashi da shi, akan ƙarfin iska da wasu dalilai masu yawa. Abin sha'awa shine, tururuwa kuma suna da ikon ɗaukar nauyi sau 40 fiye da nasu.

7. Masarawa sune farkon masu kiwon zuma

Tare da Masarawa ne aka fara aikin gida na ma'aikatan fuka-fuki.. Masarawa na d ¯ a sun fi son kudan zuma - sun yi imanin cewa hawayen da allahn rana Ra ya zubar a lokacin halittar duniya ya juya ya zama wadannan kwari. Bayan haka, ƙudan zuma sun fara kawo sa'a, kuma, ba shakka, zuma da kakin zuma ga mahaliccin su - mutumin da ya haifa ƙudan zuma. An yi siffofi na fir'auna da alloli daban-daban daga kakin zuma, ana amfani da su azaman tsana na Voodoo.

Masarawa sun gaskata cewa ta wurinsu za ku iya rinjayar alloli da mutane. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa kudan zuma ya zama alamar allahn Masar - Maat, wanda ke nuna Dokar Harmony ta Duniya. Mutane sun gaskata cewa idan ka rayu bisa ga dokokin allahiya, za ka iya samun rai na har abada.

Kiwon zuma ya samo asali ne daga tsohuwar Masar, bisa ga binciken binciken kayan tarihi, shekaru 6000 da suka gabata.

6. A ƙasar Masar ta dā, ana amfani da zuma don yin ƙamshi

Kuma ba kawai a Misira ba. An yi amfani da zuma wajen yiwa gawawwaki a Assuriya da Girka ta dā.. An gudanar da aikin ba da gawa sosai: na farko, Masarawa sun cire kwakwalwa daga gawar mutum, suka cire ta da ƙugiya ta ƙarfe ta hanci, sannan suka zuba mai, wanda ya taurare a can.

Man ya ƙunshi ƙudan zuma, mai daban-daban na kayan lambu da guduro bishiya (guro na bishiyar coniferous an kawo shi daga Falasdinu). Tsarin bai ƙare a can ba - ya haɗa da tsabtace jiki daga wasu gabobin. Bayan kwanaki 40-50 (a wannan lokacin gawar ta bushe), an shafa jikin da mai - abun da ke ciki ya kasance daidai da wanda aka yi amfani dashi don zubawa a cikin kwanyar.

5. Kudan zuma masu aiki suna da tsawon rayuwa daban-daban

Kudan zuma kwaro ne mai ɗan gajeren rayuwa. Ba shi yiwuwa a faɗi daidai tsawon rayuwarta, domin ya dogara da dalilai da yawa..

Misali, kudan zuma masu aiki halittun mata ne; saboda halayensu na physiological, ba su da ikon haifuwa. Rayuwar rai na irin wannan kudan zuma yana rinjayar abubuwa da yawa: abinci mai gina jiki, yanayin yanayi (ciki har da lokacin hunturu), da dai sauransu. Idan an haifi mutum a lokacin rani, to yana iya rayuwa har tsawon kwanaki 30. Idan a cikin fall - har zuwa watanni shida, kuma bazara yana rayuwa na kimanin kwanaki 35.

4. Yawancin ƙasar suna tattara zuma a Siberiya

Ga tambaya: "A ina aka samar da mafi kyawun zuma? masana za su amsa da cewa Siberiya - budurwa zuma ƙasar Rasha. A yau, kiwon kudan zuma yana haɓaka sosai har ma a arewacin Siberiya, ba tare da ambaton yankuna da yanayin zafi ba.

Masu kiwon kudan zuma suna ci gaba da haɓaka sabbin hanyoyin, godiya ga abin da suke samun ƙarin zuma, kuma, dole ne in ce, kyakkyawan inganci. Siberian, Altai da Bashkir zuma an gane su a matsayin mafi kyau a duniya - samfurori da aka tattara a cikin waɗannan sassan suna cike da kayan aikin warkarwa kuma sun dace da ka'idoji masu kyau.

A Siberiya, lokacin da yanayi ba zai tsoma baki ba, na'urar jigilar zuma tana aiki ba tare da katsewa ba kuma ƙudan zuma suna aiki ba tare da gajiyawa ba a duk lokacin kakar.

3. Richard the Lionheart ya yi amfani da kudan zuma a matsayin makami

An yi amfani da kudan zuma azaman makamai tun zamanin da. A halin yanzu, ƙudan zuma da sauran kwari ba za a iya amfani da su azaman nau'in makamin halitta ba.

Hatta Helenawa na dā, Romawa, da sauran al’ummai sun yi amfani da jiragen ruwa da ƙudan zuma don dakile harin abokan gaba.

Misali, da Sojoji daga sojojin Richard the Lionheart (Sarkin Ingilishi - 1157-1199) sun jefa jiragen ruwa tare da kudan zuma a cikin katangar da aka kewaye.. Hatta sulke (kamar yadda kuka sani, ƙarfe ne) ba za su iya ceton kudan zuma da suka fusata ba, kuma ba a iya sarrafa dawakan da suka daɗe.

2. Gudun kudan zuma na tattara kusan kilogiram 50 na pollen a kowace kakar.

Exkert (1942) ya ƙididdige cewa cikakken mulkin mallaka yana tattara kimanin kilogiram 55 na pollen a kowace shekara; A cewar Farrer (1978), lafiyar kudan zuma mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi tana tattara kusan kilogiram 57. pollen a kowace shekara, da kuma nazarin S. Repisak (1971) ya nuna cewa a a cikin shekara guda, waɗannan ƙananan kwari masu ban mamaki suna tattara har zuwa 60 kg. furanni pollen.

Abin sha'awaƙudan zuma suna tattarawa da ɗaukar pollen zuwa saman jikinsu.

1. Don samun 100 gr. ƙudan zuma na buƙatar tashi sama da furanni miliyan biyu

Kudan zuma guda ɗaya a cikin ɗan gajeren rayuwarsa ba zai iya tattara ƙora ba don samun 100 gr. zuma (a cikin rayuwarta ba ta tattara fiye da 5 gr.) Amma idan muna magana ne game da adadin furanni a gaba ɗaya, to. ku 1 kg. zuma yana zuwa nectar daga furanni kusan miliyan 19. Don 100 gr. Ana samun furanni miliyan 1,9.

Abin lura shi ne cewa kudan zuma guda yana ziyartar furanni har dubu da yawa a kowace rana, yana sauka akan matsakaicin furanni 7000.