Nau'in Tsiren Aquarium
Yawancin tsire-tsire na cikin ruwa da muke amfani da su don mu'amala da su a cikin akwatin kifaye sune "ruwa na biyu", wato, a cikin tsarin juyin halitta sun dawo cikin ruwa daga iska. Dangane da wannan, nau'ikan Tsirrai na Aquarium suna kama da dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa (Whales da hatimi): idan algae (kamar kifaye) ba su taɓa barin ruwa ba, to, tsire-tsire masu girma na ruwa (kamar cetaceans) sun dawo cikin kwanciyar hankali da jin daɗi na “ shimfiɗar jariri na rayuwa. ", bayan yin wani nau'i na " balaguron juyin halitta " » a wajensa. Komawar mafi yawan tsire-tsire na cikin ruwa zuwa yanayin ruwa ya faru kwanan nan, daga mahangar ilmin burbushin halittu, bayan rabuwar nahiyoyi da samuwar mafi yawan keɓancewar halittu na zamani.
Wannan ya bayyana misalan misalai na kwatankwacin kwatankwacinsu (kamar yadda ake adawa da juna da ci gaba zuwa ga iyalai irin wannan nau'in abin mamaki. Classical misalai ne matalauta rarrabe kabomba (por. Lily-flowered) da kuma ambulia (por. Lavender), ko saggitaria, daya jinsunan wanda shi ne remarkably kama da Vallisneria, da sauran zuwa dwarf Echinodorus tennelus, kuma duk wadannan shuke-shuke na cikin su. iyalai daban-daban.
Duk wannan ya sa ya zama maras ma'ana gaba ɗaya daga mahangar masu amfani da ruwa da kayan ado don rarraba tsire-tsire na ruwa daidai da taxonomy ɗin su. A gaskiya ma, a lokacin da zayyana daki tafki, aquarist sau da yawa ba ya bukatar sanin ainihin wanda yake a gabansa - wani dwarf saggitaria ko m echinodorus, monosolenium liverwort ko lomariopsis fern, Ludwigia "Cuba" ko Eusteralis, idan wadannan shuke-shuke duba. iri ɗaya, girma iri ɗaya kuma yana buƙatar abun ciki na yanayi iri ɗaya. Wadannan la'akari sun haifar da gaskiyar cewa a cikin aquarists yana da al'ada (tare da ban mamaki) kada ku kula da matsayi na tsari na tsire-tsire, amma don raba su cikin kungiyoyi daidai da bayyanar su, halaye masu girma, da kuma abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli sun shagaltar da su. biootope. Tabbas, akwai keɓancewa ga wannan doka: misali,
Zagayowar labarin abubuwan tunani game da tsire-tsire na kifaye, waɗanda muka fara sanar da ku shekara guda da ta gabata kuma za su ci gaba a nan gaba, an gina su ne bisa ga wannan rarrabuwa, na gargajiya don aquarism mai amfani. A cewarsa, dukkanin tsire-tsire na cikin ruwa sun kasu kashi kamar haka:
Jerin Duk Nau'in Tsirar Aquarium
1. shuke-shuke murfin ƙasa na gaba
Wannan rukuni ya haɗa da duk ƙananan tsire-tsire masu girma na ruwa waɗanda suke girma tare da saman ƙasa, kuma tare da isasshen abinci mai gina jiki da haske, kada ku yi "tsalle" zuwa saman ruwa. Yawancin tsire-tsire na wannan rukuni gaba ɗaya suna cikin ruwa, suna girma a cikin ƙasa gaba ɗaya na dogon lokaci ba bisa ka'ida ba, kuma wasu daga cikinsu ba su da siffar emers (iska). A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, suna samar da kyawawan tabarmi da sharewa, wanda ƙarshe ya rufe saman ƙasa gabaɗaya a gaban akwatin kifaye, ba sauran tsire-tsire ba su mamaye su.
2. Rosette da tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire na tsakiyar shirin
Wannan shi ne ya fi kowa kuma sanannen rukunin tsire-tsire na cikin ruwa. Kusan dukkanin cryptocorynes , echinodorus , nymphs , mafi yawan anubias , aponogetons , krinums, adadin bucephalandras, da dai sauransu za a iya danganta shi da shi. Tsire-tsire tare da manyan rosettes-leaf masu yawa suna da kyau a tsakiyar tsakiyar akwatin kifaye, suna jan hankali da tsara tsarin ƙirar kewaye da su. Ƙananan tsire-tsire, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna haifuwa da kyau ta hanyar basal harbe, stolons ko rhizome buds, a ƙarshe suna samar da ƙungiyoyi masu ban sha'awa a tsakiyar shirin akwatin kifaye.
Na dabam, a cikin rukunin tsire-tsire na rosette, ya kamata mutum ya ware nymphaeal, kwai-pod da makamantansu, waɗanda a lokacin ƙuruciyarsu suna samar da kyakkyawan furen fure mai faɗin ganyen ruwa mai faxi, duk da haka, a 'yar karamar dama, nan da nan suka saki ganye masu iyo. dogayen petioles, shading da akwatin kifaye, musamman da yawa kafin da kuma lokacin flowering. Wasu daga cikinsu, bisa ga "halayen", za a iya danganta su zuwa rukuni na 8 - "Semi-aquatic da kuma bakin teku shuke-shuke", alal misali, lotuss, wanda, bayan iyo, ya saki iska, ya fito fili, kuma sai kawai ya fara farawa. Bloom.
3. Tsire-tsire masu tsayi masu tsayi na bango
Jinsuna kaɗan ne kawai ke cikin wannan rukunin, amma dole ne a bambanta su daban saboda halayen ilimin halitta. Waɗannan shuke-shuken rosette ne masu dogayen ganye masu kama da ribbon waɗanda suke saurin isa saman ruwa. Sauƙaƙe yaduwa ta hanyar mai tushe mai rarrafe-stolons, wanda aka samar da sabbin tsire-tsire, waɗannan nau'ikan a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci suna iya ƙirƙirar bangon bango mai yawa a bangon akwatin kifaye, kuma idan babu kulawa mai kyau, za su iya cika rabin ƙarar. . Da farko, waɗannan duk nau'ikan vallisneria ne (na al'ada, karkace, karkatacciyar ganye, giant, da sauransu), nau'ikan saggitaria mai tsayi mai tsayi, wasu nau'ikan cryptocorynes da aponogetons.
4. Tsire-tsire masu tsayi mai tsayi
Wannan shi ne watakila mafi girma kuma yaduwa rukuni na shuke-shuken ruwa da aka noma a cikin kifaye. An haɗu da su ta bayyanar su - masu tushe na tsaye wanda aka kai tsaye zuwa saman, wanda ganyen suke a madadin ko akasin haka. Siffar wadannan ganye na iya zama kusan wani abu - daga m pinnate, kamar ambulia da cabomb, zuwa fadi "burdocks", kamar hygrophila "nomafila", daga zagaye, kamar a cikin bacopa, zuwa bakin ciki da kintinkiri-kamar, kamar a cikin pogestemon. “Octopus”, daga wuya kuma kusan prickly zuwa taushi da haske. Launi na ganyen tsayi mai tsayi shima yana da banbanci sosai - daga kodadde kore zuwa maroon. Shin, ba abin mamaki bane cewa shi ne daidai nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in tsire-tsire masu tsayi wanda shine tushen mafi tsufa kuma har zuwa kwanan nan mafi mashahuri salon zane don dasa aquariums - "Yaren mutanen Holland".
5. Haɗe-haɗe ko shuke-shuken kayan ado
Alamar gama gari na wannan rukunin tsire-tsire, wanda ke da amfani sosai don ƙirƙirar abubuwan kayan ado, shine ikon su da sauri da ƙarfi haɗe tare da taimakon tushen ko rhizoids zuwa ƙayyadaddun kayan taimako mai rikitarwa - snags, duwatsu, tukwane na ado - da kyau da girma. shi tare da surface. Bugu da kari ga akwatin kifaye mosses, kusan duk wanda ke da wannan dukiya, matsakaici-sized jinsunan anubias, da Thai fern, kusan kowane iri Bucephalandra, da dai sauransu girma daidai ga snags da duwatsu. Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire suna da yawa a cikin aquarists na zamani, kuma saboda girman kayan ado sun shahara sosai .
6. Tsire-tsire masu iyo a cikin ginshiƙi na ruwa
Akwai ire-iren ire-iren ire-iren ire-iren da ba su da ko kusan ba su da tushe kuma a koyaushe suna cikin yanayi mai yawo. Da farko, waɗannan nau'ikan nau'ikan ƙaho ne guda uku waɗanda aka saba da su a al'ada, Guadalupe nyas (ko nyas microdon), wasu nau'ikan pemphigus da liverworts, da duckweed mai lobed uku. Yawancin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu kyauta suna da babban girma da kuma dacewa mai kyau don canzawa da yanayi mara kyau, sabili da haka yawancin su (alal misali, hornwort da nyas) ana amfani da su azaman tsire-tsire masu farawa lokacin fara sabon akwatin kifaye, da kuma "warkarwa" tsire-tsire. ga koren algae annoba. : tare da saurin girma da kuma ciyar da su, suna iya yin gasa sosai tare da koren algae don albarkatun abinci narkar da cikin ruwa.
7. Tsire-tsire masu yawo a saman ruwa
Ana iya raba wannan babban rukuni na yanayi zuwa ƙungiyoyi biyu: tsire-tsire tare da ganyen hydrophilic da ke shawagi a ƙarƙashin ƙasa (limnobiums, duckweeds, riccia, wasu pemphigus, da sauransu) da tsire-tsire tare da ganyen hydrophobic da ke saman saman (pstia, eichornia, salvinia, da sauransu). .). Wannan rarrabuwa yana da matukar sharadi: alal misali, nau'in ceratopteris fern na iyo zai iya samar da ganyen hydrophilic da hydrophobic, yayin da Riccia da pemphigus, waɗanda galibi suna iyo a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, suna girma kuma suna tashi sama da saman ruwa zuwa cikin iska. A cikin akwatin kifaye, ana amfani da tsire-tsire masu iyo, da farko, don shading na sashe na wasu sassan akwatin kifaye (misali, a kan anubias waɗanda ba sa son haske mai ƙarfi), na biyu kuma, a matsayin ma'auni don haɓaka nau'ikan kifi da yawa. Bugu da ƙari, bunches na tushen rataye a cikin ruwa, alal misali.
8. Tsirrai na bakin ruwa Semi-ruwa
Magana mai mahimmanci, yawancin tsire-tsire da aka yi girma a cikin akwatin kifaye za a iya haɗa su a cikin wannan rukuni. Kadan daga cikinsu su ne ainihin tsire-tsire na cikin ruwa, watau ba za su iya tafiya "a kan ƙasa" ba (tashi sama da saman ruwa) kuma ba su da wani nau'in emers (iska) (wanda, a hanya, a yawancin tsire-tsire ya bambanta da gaske). submers, karkashin ruwa). Sauya shuke-shuken ruwa na biyu zuwa salon rayuwar karkashin ruwa shine, a matsayin mai mulkin, wani nau'i na daidaitawa zuwa ambaliya lokaci-lokaci a lokacin canjin yanayi. Yawancin biotopes na bakin teku na ruwa mai kyau suna ƙarƙashin ruwa akai-akai na makonni da yawa (ko ma na tsawon watanni da yawa), kuma suna bushewa na sauran lokacin. Tsire-tsire na bakin teku (irin su anubias, cryptocorynes, echinodorus, da sauransu) sun haɓaka gyare-gyare na musamman waɗanda ke ba su damar ci gaba da rayuwa da girma kamar a ƙarƙashin ruwa.
Duk da haka, ba mu haɗa su a cikin wannan rukuni ba (in ba haka ba zai zama dole don shigar da rabi mai kyau na dukan nau'in a nan), amma kawai tsire-tsire waɗanda ke rayuwa daidai a cikin wani nau'i mai banƙyama ("ƙafa a cikin ruwa, gaba a gaba). ƙasa"), amma ba zai iya zama na dogon lokaci gaba ɗaya a ƙarƙashin ruwa ba. Af, 100-150 shekaru da suka wuce, a farkon alfijir na aquarism, akwai yawancin irin waɗannan tsire-tsire a cikin al'ada. Ya isa ya dubi tsoffin zane-zane da zane-zane tare da aquariums don ganin cewa an yi musu ado da irin wannan swamps na gargajiya kamar Cyperus papyrus, Chastuha plantain, calla, kibiya, daban-daban sedges, reeds, cattails, telorez, tradescantia, calamus (acorus) da kuma ko da shinkafar daji. A yau, duk waɗannan tsire-tsire ba su da yawa a cikin al'adun akwatin kifaye, kuma galibi masu son aquapaludarium ne ke girma.
9. Aquarium mosses da liverworts
A al'adance, ana rarraba mosses na ruwa a matsayin rukuni daban na tsire-tsire na kifaye saboda abubuwan da suka shafi ilimin halittarsu. Kusan dukkanin su, tare da taimakon rhizoids, an haɗa su zuwa substrate (dutse, snags, ƙasa, wasu ko da gilashi!) Kuma suna samar da kyawawan riguna da matashin kai. Wasu mosses (ƙungiyar fontinalis) suna haɗe zuwa dutse kawai ta ƙarshen ƙarshen tushe (thallus), yayin da dukan shuka ke cikin ginshiƙin ruwa. Amma yawancin mosses suna rarrafe tare da substrate, suna juya shi. Wannan rukuni ya haɗa da liverworts (monosolenium, riccardia, nau'i na riccia na kasa, da dai sauransu), da kuma Lomariopsis fern, kusan ba a iya bambanta da hanta. Liverworts, ba kamar mosses ba, ko dai ba su da rhizoids, ko kuma suna samar da rhizoids masu rauni sosai waɗanda ba su da kyau ga ma'auni, amma wannan hasara yana ramawa ta musamman takamaiman nauyi na monosolenium thallus, lomariopsis, da dai sauransu, don haka ko da ba tare da haɗe-haɗe ba. sun kafa matashin matashi mai ban mamaki a ƙasa. Irin waɗannan labule suna da ban sha'awa musamman lokacin da tsire-tsire na ruwa suka tsiro ta cikin su - saggitaria da cryptocorynes.
10. Tsire-tsire ba a haɗa su cikin kowane rukuni
Tabbas, ba duk tsire-tsire da ke girma a cikin akwatin kifaye ba ne suka dace da wannan rarrabuwa. Yanayin koyaushe yana da wadata kuma ya bambanta fiye da ra'ayinmu game da shi, kuma tabbas a cikin al'ada akwai nau'ikan da ba su dace da kowane rukuni ba.
Nau'in Tsirrai na Aquarium - Bidiyo
