Waɗanne alluran rigakafin da aka bai wa kwikwiyo - dokoki, nau'ikan da sharuddan rigakafin

Me yasa kayi alurar riga kafi

Domin makonni 3-4 bayan haihuwar kwikwiyo, jikinsa yana kiyaye shi ta hanyar warkarwa na madarar uwa. Har zuwa watanni 2 wannan tasirin yana ci gaba. Sannan kuma akwai karancin rigakafin rigakafi, tsarin garkuwar jiki yana raunana. An bar ɗan kwikwiyo shi kaɗai tare da cututtukan muhalli.

Alurar rigakafi yana taimakawa wajen samar da kariya ta wucin gadi - gabatarwar shirye-shirye na musamman na asalin halitta. Suna taimakawa wajen haɓaka rigakafi ga nau'ikan cututtuka daban-daban:

• ciwon hauka;
• cutar hepatitis;
• tsutsotsi;
• cututtuka na adenovirus;
• annoba;
• parvovirus kamuwa da cuta;
• microsporia;
• trichophytosis;
• leptospirosis;
• parvovirus;
• parainfluenza.

Ƙananan nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta da ke cikin miyagun ƙwayoyi suna haifar da amsa a cikin jiki - an samar da kwayoyin cutar. Su ne ke kare kare daga cututtuka, suka rage na wani lokaci.

Wasu ƴan kwikwiyo a wannan lokacin suna fara ziyartar titi ko har yanzu suna zaune a cikin ɗaki. Amma wannan ba yana nufin ba sa buƙatar allurar rigakafi. Kwayoyin cuta na iya shiga gidan daga waje: ta hanyar sutura, abinci, har ma da samun iska.

Cututtuka zasu buƙaci magani na tilas, kuma, saboda haka, ƙarin saka hannun jari na kuɗi, galibi masu yawa. Bugu da ƙari, haɗarin mutuwar ƙaramin halitta yana da girma, kuma wannan shine mafi muni. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa yin watsi da alluran rigakafi ba kawai rashin hankali ba ne, amma har ma matsayi mai haɗari.

Bugu da ƙari, za a buƙaci alluran rigakafi a cikin waɗannan lokuta:

• don halartar dabbobi a nune-nunen;
• tafiye-tafiye zuwa kasashen waje.

Duk allurar rigakafin za a yi alama a cikin fasfo na musamman. Idan ba tare da shi ba, tafiya da shiga cikin nune-nunen ba zai yiwu ba!

Nau'o'in alluran rigakafi ga kwikwiyo

Dangane da bangaren da ke aiki, duk alluran rigakafin sun kasu zuwa manyan kungiyoyi biyu:

• marasa aiki – matattun ƙwayoyin cuta. Suna aiki a hankali kuma na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Shi ya sa za a sake shigar da su;
• attenuated - raunin ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke da ikon haifuwa. Ƙarfafa samar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi. Sun bambanta a cikin tasiri na dogon lokaci.

Bisa ga abun da ke ciki, an raba shirye-shiryen zuwa

• monovalent. Waɗannan su ne rigakafin da ke ɗauke da kamuwa da cuta guda ɗaya kawai, misali, EPM, Rabizin, Biovac-D, Kanivak-CH, Multican-1, Primodog;
• polyvalent. Yana da sauƙi a yi tsammani waɗannan alluran rigakafin sun haɗa da ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa a lokaci ɗaya. A matsayin misali na irin wannan alurar riga kafi, ana iya nuna masu zuwa: Vangrad-7, Nobivak, Multikan-4.

Ta asali, alluran rigakafi sun kasu kashi

• cikin gida. Waɗannan su ne Polivak, Geksakanivak, Vakderm, Multikan;
• kasashen waje. Daga cikin magungunan kasashen waje, sun tabbatar da kansu da kyau: Hexadog, Nobivak, Vanguard, Eurikan.

Ba mu ba da shawarar yin rigakafin kai ba. Sai kawai mutumin da ke da ilimin likita da aikin da ake bukata, wato, likitan dabbobi, zai iya ƙayyade miyagun ƙwayoyi, lokacin gudanar da shi da kuma yin aikin daidai.

Jadawalin rigakafin

A matsayinka na mai mulki, hanya ta farko tana kan shekaru 8-9 makonni. A cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa, kwikwiyo zai ziyarci likitan dabbobi sau 3-4. A wannan lokacin, alluran rigakafi na lokaci-lokaci yana jiran shi:

• daga cututtuka masu yaduwa (parainfluenza, distemper, enteritis, leptospirosis, hepatitis);
• rabies.

A ƙasa a cikin tebur muna gabatar da ɗaya daga cikin daidaitattun jadawalin allurar rigakafi don kwikwiyo mai lafiya:

A kowane hali, likitan dabbobi ne ya tsara jadawalin allurar bayan gwajin farko. Idan kwikwiyo ya raunana, ana jinkirin rigakafin.

A lokuta na musamman (idan iyayen dabbar ba su taɓa yin alurar riga kafi ba, ɗan kwikwiyo yana buƙatar ɗaukar shi a nesa mai nisa, da dai sauransu), an ba da izinin ba wa jaririn rigakafin farko yana da shekaru 6 makonni.

Har ila yau, ana ba da tsarin kowane mutum idan masu shayarwa suka rasa lokacin yin rigakafin saboda kowane dalili.

contraindications

Alurar riga kafi ya zama tilas ga duk ƴan tsana, kodayake yanke shawara game da shi ya rage ga mai shi. Shirye-shiryen wasu alurar riga kafi, alal misali, a kan rabies, an tsara su gaba ɗaya a matakin majalisa - don rashin bin masu mallakar, hukuncin gudanarwa yana jira.

Duk da haka, akwai yanayi lokacin da ba zai yiwu a yi wa ƴan kwikwiyo a kowane hali ba:

• kasancewar cututtuka na yau da kullum, hanyar su a cikin wani nau'i mai mahimmanci;
• yanayin zazzabi, zafin jiki sama da 39 0С;
• lokacin canza hakora;
• Makonni 2 kafin kunnuwa da wutsiya kuma a baya fiye da kwanaki 14 bayan waɗannan hanyoyin;
• yanayin gajiya mai tsanani na jiki (bayan rashin lafiya);
• bayan aiki;
• kamuwa da cuta;
• rashin kariya;
• rashin haƙuri ga abubuwan da suka ƙunshi maganin;
• shan magungunan da ba su dace da sassan maganin ba.

Ana shirya ɗan kwiwar ku don yin rigakafi

Alurar riga kafi hanya ce mai mahimmanci da ke buƙatar kulawa ta musamman ga ƙaramin dabba. Kuna buƙatar shirya shi a gaba.

Bi dokoki masu sauƙi, sa'an nan kuma maganin zai yi tasiri sosai:

• ɗauki ɗan kwikwiyo lafiya zuwa hanya. Dage ranar alurar riga kafi zuwa wani lokaci mai zuwa idan kun lura da alamun masu zuwa: rashin jin daɗi mara dalili, rashin ci, zazzabi;
• yi maganin deworming makonni 2 kafin a je wurin likitan dabbobi;
• ciyar da kwikwiyo yadda ya kamata domin dabbar ta sami duk abubuwan da suka dace don rayuwa da ci gaba;
• dena alurar riga kafi idan kwikwiyo yana canza hakora. Gaskiyar ita ce, wasu abubuwan da suka hada da maganin rigakafi na iya canza launin enamel;
• jira daidai shekarun. Kada ku yi gaggawa idan ɗan kwikwiyo bai cika makonni 8 ba kuma babu wasu takaddun magani na wajibi don rigakafin. In ba haka ba, allurar rigakafi na iya rage rigakafi kawai, yana mai da kare gaba ɗaya mara tsaro;
• kada ku ciyar da kwikwiyo kafin hanya. Ba sabon abu ba ne don karnuka su fuskanci tashin zuciya da amai bayan alurar riga kafi;
• bi da dabbobin ku daga kwari kwanaki 14 kafin alurar riga kafi;
• Yi magana da likitan ku game da shan kare ku da maganin antihistamine. Zai taimaka wa mutane masu saurin kamuwa da allergies.

Bayan alurar riga kafi

A rana ta farko bayan maganin alurar riga kafi, wajibi ne a kula da yanayin dabba a hankali. Don taimaka wa ɗan kwikwiyo ya daidaita da sauri bayan alurar riga kafi, masana sun ba da shawarar keɓe keɓe na kwanaki 14. A wannan lokacin, ya kamata ku yi watsi da gaba ɗaya:

• doguwar tafiya;
• wanka;
• aikin jiki;
• duk wani hulɗa da dabbobin da ba a sani ba (ziyarar nune-nunen, wuraren wasan kare, baƙi);
• canjin abinci mai gina jiki da yanayin tsarewa.

Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa yin allurar ba yana nufin samun rigakafi mai ƙarfi nan take ba. An kafa shi a cikin makonni 2. Kuma a wannan lokacin, kuna buƙatar kare dabbar ku ta kowace hanya mai yiwuwa daga cututtuka masu yuwuwa.

Sakamakon mai yiwuwa

A matsayinka na mai mulki, kare yakan fahimci maganin alurar riga kafi. Koyaya, galibi ana samun sakamako mara kyau. Abubuwan da za a iya bayyana sun haɗa da:

• ciwo, rauni na kwikwiyo;
• yanayin rashin natsuwa;
• bayyanar hatimi;
• rashin lafiyan halayen, ja, kurji;
• asarar ci, amai;
• kumburi na lymph nodes;
• yawan zafin jiki;
• ci gaban cutar;
• girgiza anaphylactic;
• fitarwa daga hanci da idanu;
• sako-sako da sanduna

Wasu daga cikin halayen da ke sama (misali, fitarwa daga idanu da nasopharynx ko induration) gabaɗaya al'ada ce ta al'ada. Wasu suna nuna matsala mai tsanani. Abin da ya sa maganin ya fi kyau a sanya shi kai tsaye a asibitin dabbobi. Don minti 15-30, yana da kyau a yi tafiya a kusa da ma'aikata, don haka idan ya cancanta, kare ku zai iya samun taimako mai inganci nan da nan daga ƙwararren gwani.

Taimakon kai

Idan amsa ga maganin ya faru a lokacin da kuka kawo dabbar gida, ba za ku iya dogaro da taimakon waje ba. Zai zama da amfani ga kowane mai shi ya san yadda zai yi da kansa:

• ware wurin allurar tare da kwala mai karewa. Samfurin zai kare fata a yanayin ƙaiƙayi, induration, jajaye, hana kwikwiyo daga lasa ko tada yankin da ya ƙone;
• allurar maganin antihistamines (Tavegil, Suprastin, Dimedrol) idan kun lura da mucous membranes masu launin shuɗi, jajayen kunnuwa, kumfa mai kumfa, ƙarancin numfashi. A wannan yanayin, za ku yi gaggawar kiran likita a gida ko ku koma asibiti;
• yi amfani da man shafawa na musamman (Lyoton, Troxevasin) idan kun lura da samuwar hatimi a wuraren allurar. A wannan yanayin, bai kamata ku firgita ba. Za su bace da kansu bayan kwanaki 14.

Alurar riga kafi na kwikwiyo shine tabbacin kariya daga cututtuka, lafiyar gaba, da kuma cikakkiyar rayuwar dabba. Farashin hanya, a matsakaici, ya bambanta daga 500 zuwa 1500 rubles. Yarda, wannan ba shine da yawa don ɗaukar kasada ba!