10 mafi tsoffin halittu da suka rayu har yau

Duk yara a cikin ƙuruciya suna son littattafai game da dinosaurs da dabbobin da suka rigaya. Tare da fyaucewa, suna jiran iyayensu su kai su wani nuni na samfurori na wucin gadi da suka zo rayuwa - bayan haka, wannan dama ce ta taba tarihin duniyarmu kamar yadda ya kasance miliyoyin shekaru da suka wuce. Kuma ba kawai yara ba, har ma da manya suna mafarkin shiga cikin ayyukan archaeological da paleontological excavations.

Ya zama cewa ba shi da daraja yin nisa kwata-kwata - mafarki na iya zama gaskiya. Halittun "Fossil", wadanda shekarunsu ke da miliyoyin shekaru, har yanzu suna rayuwa a duniyarmu. Idan kun yi wayo, zaku iya lura da su cikin sauƙi yayin ɗaya daga cikin tafiye-tafiyenku na ilimi.

Shin ko kun san cewa hatta dafin kuda da aka hange sun kasance suna rayuwa a duniyar nan sama da shekaru miliyan 100? Kuma crocodiles, a haƙiƙa, dinosaur iri ɗaya ne waɗanda tuni suka kai shekaru miliyan 83.

A yau mun shirya bita na 10 mafi tsoho mazaunan duniyarmu, wanda zaku iya gani (kuma wani lokacin taɓawa) ba tare da wahala ba.

10 Ant Martialis heureka - shekaru miliyan 120 da suka wuce

Matar tururuwa mai ƙwazo ta fara tafiyarta na duniya tuntuni kuma ta tsira ta hanyar mu'ujiza. Masana kimiyya sun gano a cikin resin da sauran duwatsu na nau'in proto-ant nau'in Martialis heureka, wanda ya wanzu fiye da shekaru miliyan 120.

Yawancin lokaci kwarin yana ciyarwa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, inda yake tafiya cikin yardar kaina saboda tsarin wurin (ba shi da ido). A tsawon, tururuwa ba ta wuce 2-3 mm ba, amma, kamar yadda muke gani, yana da ƙarfin gaske da juriya. An bude shi a karon farko a shekarar 2008.

9. Frilled Shark - shekaru miliyan 150 da suka wuce

Ba don komai ba ne cewa wakilin nau'in ba ya kama da danginta na zamani - wani abu mai asymmetrically prehistoric ya kasance a cikin bayyanarta. Soyayyen shark yana rayuwa ne a zurfin sanyi (kilomita ɗaya da rabi a ƙarƙashin ruwa), don haka ba a gano shi nan da nan ba. Watakila shi ya sa ta iya wanzuwa na tsawon lokaci - har tsawon shekaru miliyan 150. A waje, kifin shark ya fi kama da ƙayyadaddun ƙudan zuma fiye da sanannun shark.

8. Sturgeon - shekaru miliyan 200 da suka wuce

Duk manya da yara suna son shiga cikin sturgeon da caviar. Amma mutane kaɗan ne suka bibiyi tarihin wannan nau'in - yana kan kan layi, don haka ya kasance. Duk da haka, kafin ƙwararrun masanan abinci suka zaɓa, sturgeon ya yanke saman ruwa fiye da shekaru miliyan 200.

Kuma a yanzu, kamar yadda muke tunawa, kamawar su dole ne a iyakance, in ba haka ba manyan wakilai za su mutu sannu a hankali. Idan ba don ayyukan tattalin arziƙin ɗan adam ba, da duhu ya haifar da sturgeons, saboda wannan kifi yana iya rayuwa har tsawon ƙarni.

7. Garkuwa - shekaru miliyan 220 da suka wuce

Halittu mai ban dariya kuma a lokaci guda mai banƙyama - wakilin mafi tsufa na yankunan ruwa. Garkuwa wata halitta ce mai ido uku, wacce a cikinta aka tsara ido na naupliar na uku don nuna wariya da wuri a cikin duhu da haske.

Garkuwan farko sun bayyana kimanin shekaru 220-230 da suka wuce, kuma yanzu suna gab da bacewa. A wannan lokacin, sun canza kadan a bayyanar - kawai an rage kadan. Mafi yawan wakilai sun kai tsayin 11 cm, kuma mafi ƙanƙanta bai wuce 2. Wani abu mai ban sha'awa shi ne cewa cannibalism yana da halayyar jinsin a lokacin yunwa.

6. Lamprey - shekaru miliyan 360 da suka wuce

Fitilar takamammen kuma a zahiri tana yanke faɗuwar ruwa na ƙasa da shekaru miliyan 360. Kifayen da ke zamewa, wanda yake tunowa da el'o'i, cikin damuwa yana buɗe babban bakinsa, wanda dukkan fuskar mucosa (ciki har da pharynx, harshe da lebe) ke cike da hakora masu kaifi.

Lamprey ya bayyana a zamanin Paleozoic kuma ya dace da ruwan gishiri da sabo. Shi ne parasite.

5. Latimeria - shekaru miliyan 400 da suka wuce

Kifi mafi tsufa shine ainihin rahusa a cikin kamawar masunta bazuwar. Shekaru da dama, ana ganin wannan kifin da ke da ɗanɗano kifin ba shi daɗe, amma a shekara ta 1938, don jin daɗin masana kimiyya, an sami samfurin rayuwa na farko, kuma bayan shekaru 60, na biyu.

Kifin burbushin zamani na tsawon shekaru miliyan 400 a zahiri bai canza ba. Coelacanth mai ƙetare yana da nau'ikan nau'ikan 2 kawai waɗanda ke zaune a bakin tekun Afirka da Indonesiya. Yana daf da bacewa, don haka shari'a ta hukunta kama ta.

4. Kaguwar doki - shekaru miliyan 445 da suka gabata

Shin, kun san cewa kaguwar ƙwanƙwaran doki na arthropod shine ainihin "tsoho" na duniyar ruwa? Ya kasance fiye da shekaru miliyan 440 a duniya, kuma wannan ma ya fi tsofaffin bishiyoyi. A lokaci guda kuma, halitta mai rai ba ta canza takamaiman kamanninta ba.

Kaguwar doki na farko a cikin nau'in burbushin halittu masu binciken kayan tarihi na Kanada ne suka samo su a cikin wannan sanannen 2008. Abin sha'awa shine, jikin kaguwar doki yana dauke da jan karfe fiye da kima, wanda saboda haka jini yana samun launin shudi. Har ila yau, yana amsawa tare da kwayoyin cuta, yana haifar da samuwar ƙumburi mai kariya. Wannan ya ba masu harhada magunguna damar yin amfani da jinin halitta a matsayin mai haɓaka magunguna.

3. Nautilus - shekaru miliyan 500 da suka wuce

Kifi mai kyan gani yana gab da ƙarewa, ko da yake ya yi ƙarfin hali ya yi yawo a duniya tsawon rabin shekaru biliyan. cephalopod yana da kyakkyawan harsashi, an raba shi zuwa ɗakuna. Wani katon dakin wata halitta ce ke zaune, yayin da wasu ke dauke da iskar gas da ke ba shi damar yin iyo kamar mai shawagi yayin nutsewa zuwa zurfi.

2. Medusa - shekaru miliyan 505 da suka wuce

Yin iyo a cikin teku, yana da wuya kada a lura da m jellyfish m m, wanda konewa ne don haka tsoron hutu. Jellyfish na farko ya bayyana game da 505-600 (bisa ga ƙididdiga daban-daban) shekaru miliyan da suka wuce - to, sun kasance kwayoyin halitta masu rikitarwa, sunyi la'akari da mafi ƙanƙanta. Wakilin mafi girma da aka kama na nau'in ya kai diamita na 230 cm.

A hanyar, jellyfish ba ya wanzu na dogon lokaci - kawai shekara guda, saboda yana da muhimmiyar hanyar haɗi a cikin jerin abinci na rayuwar ruwa. Masana kimiyya har yanzu suna mamakin yadda jellyfish ke kama abubuwan motsa jiki daga gabobin gani a cikin rashin kwakwalwa.

1. Sponge - shekaru miliyan 760 da suka wuce

Soso, sabanin ra'ayoyin da ake da su, dabba ne kuma, a hade, mafi tsohuwar halitta a duniya. Har zuwa yanzu, ba a kafa ainihin lokacin bayyanar soso ba, amma mafi tsufa, bisa ga bincike, ya kai shekaru miliyan 760.

Irin waɗannan musamman mazaunan har yanzu suna zaune a duniyarmu, yayin da muke mafarkin maido da dinosaur ko mammoth samfurori daga kayan halitta. Wataƙila ya kamata mu fi mai da hankali ga abin da ya kewaye mu?