Axolotl. Yadda za a ajiye irin wannan dabba?

Axolotl (Axolotl) tsutsa ce ta neotenic na wasu nau'in ambistoma. Neoteny - ikon kwayoyin halitta don isa ga jima'i balagagge da kuma haifuwa a cikin tsutsa ko farkon mataki na ci gaba. Wasu amphibians, tsutsotsi, arthropods da mosses da ferns suna da wannan ikon. Ƙabilu na dā sun ci axolotls, a zamanin yau an haramta kama wannan amphibian - an jera shi a cikin Jajayen Littafin, kuma a cikin yanayi yana gab da ƙarewa, kuma yawancin axolotls ana ajiye su a gida. A gida, axolotls na ambystoma na Mexica (Ambystoma mexicanum) ana kiyaye su sau da yawa, sau da yawa - damisa ambystoma (Ambystoma tigrinum). Axolotl yana da kyan gani mai kyau: babban kai mai rawani tare da nau'i-nau'i na terry na waje, fadi da baki tare da ƙananan hakora, kamar dai koyaushe murmushi, ƙananan idanu masu zagaye. Wutsiyar axolotl tana lanƙwasa a gefe, faɗi da tsayi, tare da fin da ke farawa daga tsakiyar baya. An rufe jiki da fata mai santsi tare da tsagi na tsaye a tarnaƙi.

Axolotl na iya yin numfashi da gills da huhu. Wani fasali mai ban sha'awa na axolotl shine ikon sake farfado da sassan jikin da batattu, irin su gills da gabobin jiki, har ma da kasusuwa suna girma tare da cikakken dawo da ayyuka. Girman axolotl na manya yana kan matsakaita 20-25 cm, da wuya yayi girma sama da 35 cm.

Axolotls na iya zama launuka daban-daban (morph): Wild / Na al'ada - "daji" launin toka-launin ruwan kasa, Melanistic - baƙar fata mai zurfi, Copper - aibobi masu duhu a bangon ja, Mosaic - wuraren zinare marasa daidaituwa suna warwatse a jikin duhu, Leucistic - farin tare da gills mai haske , kama da zabiya, amma tare da idanu masu launi, Dirty Leucistic - pigmentation mara kyau, bazuwar baƙar fata ko launin ruwan kasa a jikin farar fata, Gold Albino - zinariya rawaya mai haske axolotls tare da haske rawaya idanu, da kuma White Albino - farin zabiya. mai haske idanu da jajayen almajiri.

Yadda za a ajiye axolotl?

Lokacin kiyaye axolotls, wajibi ne a yi la'akari da wasu mahimman siffofi na abun ciki wanda zai shafi ingancin rayuwa da lafiyar wannan halitta mai ban mamaki.

Zazzabi da tsarkin ruwa

Mafi mahimmancin maki don kiyaye axolotl shine zafin jiki da tsabtar ruwa. A cikin yanayi, suna zaune a cikin tafki mai sanyi, inda ake kiyaye matsakaicin zafin ruwa a kusan digiri 13-20 da ƙasa. Hakanan wajibi ne don kula da ƙananan zafin jiki na ruwa a cikin akwatin kifaye - haɓakar zafin jiki sama da digiri 23-24 yana cutar da axolotl. Don kwantar da ruwa, zaka iya amfani da duka chillers don aquariums - firiji na musamman, amma yawanci suna da tsada sosai, ko amfani da raka'a masu sanyaya wanda zai iya kwantar da ruwa da kimanin digiri 5, kuma a cikin kwanaki masu zafi ƙarin sanyaya tare da kwalabe na kankara. Lokacin da aka kunna masu sanyaya, ruwan yana ƙafe da sauri; maimakon haka, kuna buƙatar ƙara ruwa mai sanyi mai tsabta. Ruwa ya zama mai tsabta, ruwa acidity (pH) - 7-8, taurin (dH) - 6-16. Kuna iya cire sharar gida daga ƙasa tare da siphon, kuma a kai a kai - sau ɗaya a mako, yi canje-canjen ruwa (20-30%) don sabo, ruwa mai kyau don akalla rana ɗaya.

Aquarium, ƙasa da kayan aikin aquarium

Ga manya axolotl, zai ɗauki daga lita 40 na ruwa, zai fi dacewa fiye da haka. Aquarium ya kamata ya zama nau'in kwance, ya zama akalla 50 cm tsayi ga mutum ɗaya, kuma yana da babban yanki na ƙasa. Hakanan, akwatin kifaye dole ne a sanye shi da murfi. Wajibi ne a sanya matattara na ciki ko na waje tare da kwampreso a cikin akwatin kifaye. Gudun ruwa da iska bai kamata su kasance da ƙarfi sosai ba, zaku iya amfani da bututun sarewa don karya kwararar ko kuma kai tsaye jet ɗin da ke fitowa daga tacewa a bango. Wajibi ne a tsaftace tacewa a cikin lokaci, kamar yadda axolotls ke samar da sharar gida mai yawa. Ƙasa ya kamata ya zama santsi, ba shi da wani gefuna masu kaifi, don kada axolotl ya cutar da fata mai laushi, da kuma babban juzu'i, mafi yawan bakunan amphibian, don kada ya hadiye shi, a matsayin zaɓi, ajiye shi ba tare da ƙasa ba kwata-kwata. . Fitilar kada ta kasance mai haske, axolotl zai zama mafi dadi a cikin haske mai yaduwa.

Abubuwan kayan ado, matsuguni, shuke-shuke

Axolotls suna da ƙarancin gani kuma ba sa son haske mai haske, don haka yana da kyau a shigar da matsuguni a cikin akwatin kifaye. Ado da matsuguni a cikin akwatin kifaye yakamata su kasance marasa kaifi abubuwa. Ana iya amfani da manyan duwatsu, driftwood, yumbu manyan tukwane, kayan ado mara kyau, har da bututun filastik azaman kayan ado da matsuguni. Yana da mahimmanci cewa a cikin kayan ado duk ramukan sun fi girma fiye da axolotl kanta, kuma ba zai iya makale a ko'ina ba. Ana iya dasa tsire-tsire, amma ba zabar tsire-tsire masu laushi ba tare da tsarin tushe mai kyau, ko saita kuma a ɗaure daga kai tsaye a cikin tukwane, saboda axolotl yana da wuyar gaske kuma yana da mummunan hangen nesa, kuma yana iya shiga cikin tsire-tsire. Axolotl bai damu ba idan shuka yana da rai, don haka ana iya amfani da tsire-tsire na wucin gadi, kuma, ba tare da gefuna masu kaifi da sasanninta ba, daga kayan inganci waɗanda ba sa fitar da abubuwa masu cutarwa a cikin ruwa.

Shin zai yiwu a ɗauki axolotl a hannunku?

Yanayin zafin hannun ɗan adam yana da zafi sosai ga fata mai laushi na axolotl mai sanyi. A cikin yanayin gaggawa, hannaye suna buƙatar sanyaya, amma yana da kyau a yi amfani da babban raga don dasawa.    

Za ku iya kiyaye axolotl tare da sauran dabbobin kifin kifaye?

Yana da kyawawa don kiyaye axolotls a cikin nau'in akwatin kifaye, inda kawai axolotls za a adana. Zai ci kananan kifi da jatan lande, musamman da daddare. Manya-manyan mazauna sun riga sun iya cutar da axolotl da kanta, karce, cizo, kifayen da ke aiki tuƙuru da ƙwanƙolin gefuna na gills. Sau da yawa irin wannan ƙananan zafin ruwa bai dace da sauran mazaunan akwatin kifaye ba. Axolotls, ban da haka, ana siffanta su da cin naman mutane, babban mutum yana iya cin ƙarami. Don haka, wajibi ne duk axolotls da ke zaune tare su zama kamar girmansu ɗaya.

Abin da za a ciyar da axolotl?

Axolotl mafarauci ne kuma yana ciyar da abincin dabbobi. Tushen abinci na gida axolotls za a iya yankakken abincin teku (mussels, squids, dorinar ruwa), danye (ba Boiled) jatan lande, ƙwanƙwasa kifi fillets, crickets da kafafu cire, kananan ko yankakken earthworms, bloodworms. Tare da na ƙarshe, kuna buƙatar yin hankali, saboda haɗarin guba yana da yawa. Idan abincin ba shi da rai, ana iya ba da shi tare da tweezers, zai fi dacewa tare da tip roba mai laushi, tun da axolotls ba su da hangen nesa mara kyau, suna amsa motsi, kuma suna kama ganima tare da kaifi mai kaifi. Ba a so a ba da naman kaji, naman sa, da sauran kayan nama ga axolotls, tun da ba za su iya narkewa ba. Ciyar da babban axolotl sau 1-2 a mako. Idan bayan ciyarwa akwai guntun abinci a ƙasa, zaku iya cire su da gidan yanar gizo ko siphon, don guje wa lalata ruwan.

Haihuwar axolotls

Kiwo axolotls a gida yawanci yana da sauƙi. Balaga a cikin larvae yana faruwa kusan shekara guda. 

Kafin kiwo, dole ne a raba maza da mata na tsawon makonni da yawa kuma ya kamata a rage yawan zafin jiki na abun ciki da digiri da yawa. Masu samarwa suna buƙatar ciyar da su da kyau, bayan haka an sanya su a cikin wani akwatin kifaye daban. Bayan ta hadu, sai ta yi kwai. Bayan an dasa ƙwai, ana buƙatar cire spawners saboda suna iya cinye ƙwai. Don ingantaccen ci gaban ƙwai, canjin ruwa na yau da kullun yana da mahimmanci. Bugu da kari, dole ne a cire dukkan ƙwai masu fari daga cikin akwatin kifaye, don guje wa lalacewar ruwa da lalata sauran ƙwai.

Bayan kwanaki 14-16, bayan haka ƙananan larvae na farko suna fitowa daga ƙwai. Lokacin barin kwai, soya yana da ƙugiya kawai, amma babu wata gabar jiki. Ƙafafun baya suna bayyana a cikin kimanin mako guda, kafafu na gaba a cikin watanni 3-4.

Kimanin mako guda suna ciyarwa tare da taimakon jakar gwaiduwa, daga baya canza zuwa abinci - "ƙurar rai", kuma daga baya zuwa ƙananan daphnia, cyclops. Yana da mahimmanci kada a ba yara abinci fiye da kima, amma kuma a ciyar da su yadda ya kamata don girma da haɓaka da kyau. Axolotls masu girma a hankali suka fara ba da abinci iri ɗaya da manya, a yanka don ya haɗiye shi. Wajibi ne a zaunar da su akai-akai yayin da suke girma, kamar yadda cin nama ya zama ruwan dare.

Tare da abubuwan da suka dace, irin wannan dabbar da ba a saba gani ba, axolotl, zai faranta muku rai da lafiya da halaye masu ban sha'awa na shekaru 10-15.