Brocade pterygoplicht - fasali na kulawa da kulawa, dacewa da sauran kifaye da sauran siffofi + hoto

Tarihi da fasali na brocade pterygoplicht

Brocade pterygoplichthys (Pterygoplichthys gibbiceps) kifi ne mai launin ruwan haske (dangin catfish). Kner da Günther sun fara bayyana shi a cikin 1854. An sanya wannan nau'in zuwa pterygoplichts a cikin 1980. Kuma a cikin 2003 an rarraba shi azaman glyptoperichthy. Ana kiran wannan sarkar mail kifi daban-daban: catfish, leopard glyptopericht, pterik, da dai sauransu).

Pterik kifi ne mai ƙarfi, mai ƙarfi. Omnivorous, amma yana ciyarwa akan algae, don haka kifi 1-2 na iya kiyaye babban ƙarfin akwatin kifaye mai tsabta. Tun da kifin yana da salon rayuwa na ƙasa, ba ya yin sakaci da gawa (a cikin mazauninsa).

Brocade catfish yana son kwanciya akan duwatsu

Wannan kifin ya fito ne daga Kudancin Amirka. Kamar sauran kifin, yana mamaye guraben koguna (Amazon, Orinoco, Xingu, da sauransu). Yana son jinkirin igiyoyin ruwa da wuraren da ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye. Idan lokacin rani ya zo, to, kifin kifi ya yi hibernates. Don barci, ya zaɓi kogo inda zai iya ɓoye a cikin laka. A halin yanzu, ana siyar da nau'ikan pterygoplicht da yawa a cikin shagunan dabbobi (har zuwa nau'ikan 100).

Bayyanar Bayani

Pterik babban kifi ne. A cikin yanayin yanayi, yana iya girma zuwa 50-60 santimita. Ana gane irin wannan kifin a matsayin dogon hanta (tsawon rayuwa ya fi shekaru 20). A cikin yanayin akwatin kifaye, pterik yana rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 15. Girmansa ya dogara da ƙarar akwatin kifaye. Pterygoplichts sun zo da launuka iri-iri. Jikin kifin ya ɗan kwanta daga sama kuma an lulluɓe shi da faranti masu tauri, wanda ake kiran kifin ɗin da sarƙoƙi. Cikin irin wannan kifi yana da santsi, ba tare da sutura ba. Brocade catfish an bambanta shi da babban ƙoshin ƙoshinsa (tsawon - har zuwa santimita 15, ya ƙunshi haskoki 10 ko fiye). Idanuwan sun yi sama a kai.

Muzzle na catfish an lanƙwasa, elongated

Af, matasa brocade catfish yayi kama da manya. A kan muzzle na pterik akwai manya-manyan ƙona hanci. Shugaban yana da tsayi (tsawon kai yana daidai da tsawon hasken farko akan fin dorsal). Launin jiki yana da launin ruwan kasa, tare da layi da alamu na sautunan haske (rawaya, launin toka da sauran inuwa). Tsarin yana kama da launi na damisa sosai. Tabobin sun fi girma a jiki fiye da kai da finsu.

Launi da tsari a jikin kifin na iya canzawa da shekaru. Hakanan, waɗannan canje-canjen sun shafi yanayin tsarewa. An tsara yanayin kifin ta yadda zasu dace da yanayin da suke rayuwa a ciki.

Bakin kifi yana cikin siffar tsotsa. Catfish na iya mannewa da wani abu da ƙarfi ta yadda zai yi wahala a yaga shi cikin aminci. A kasan bakin akwai ɗimbin fata mai ɗorewa, wanda gefuna waɗanda ke shiga cikin eriya a hankali.

Ana kuma iya ganin idon kifin (ban da almajiri).

Ƙayyade jima'i na wannan kifi ba sauki ba ne, amma yana yiwuwa (ko da lokacin ƙuruciyar). Girman namiji koyaushe yana ɗan girma kaɗan, kuma finsa suna da tsayi. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwanƙolin ɓangarorin na namiji suna da spikes, yayin da mata ba su da. Launi na mata ya ɗan yi duhu. Kwararrun aquarists na iya bambanta tsakanin mace da namiji ta hanyar jima'i (mata masu girma suna da papilla na al'aura).

Pterygoplichtov iri-iri

Shahararrun masu son kifin da aka hange su ne ja, zinare da damisa pterygoplichts. Amma akwai wasu kyawawan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan da suka shahara tare da aquarists:

• reticulated pterygoplicht (Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus);
• Joselman's pterygoplichthys (Pterygoplichthys joselimaianus);
• rawaya sailing pterygoplichthys (Pterygoplichthys weberi);
• brocade pterygoplicht (Pterygoplichthys gibbiceps).

Wadannan kifin za a iya bambanta ba kawai ta ƙwararrun aquarists ba, har ma da masu son.

Table: manyan bambance-bambance tsakanin sassan pterygoplicht

Gidan hoto: nau'ikan nau'ikan daban-daban

Tsarin a jikin kifin brocade yana da hani, kama da brocade

Kifin damisa yana da babban tsari (black blurry spots akan haske mai haske)

Misali a jikin kifin da aka cire ya yi kama da saƙar zuma

Pterygoplicht mai launin rawaya yana da sauƙin bambanta daga sauran kifin ta hanyar siffar wutsiya da tsarin geometric akan wutsiya.

Wani fasali na musamman na Pterygoplicht Yoselman shine siffar tabo (tunanin kwas ɗin gyada)

Yaya pterygoplicht ya bambanta da sauran nau'in

Pterygoplichts wani lokaci suna rikicewa da sauran nau'in kifin ƙasa. Ana amfani da wannan ta hanyar masu kiwo marasa mutunci. Duk da haka, idan muka yi la'akari da kyan gani, za mu iya lura da halayen halayen kowane nau'in jinsin. Mafi sau da yawa, pterik yana rikicewa tare da plecostomus (Hypostomus plecostomus).

Hanya mafi sauƙi don bambance waɗannan kifin ita ce lokacin da suke kwance a kasan akwatin kifaye. A cikin plecostomus, antennae suna da bakin ciki da tsayi, yayin da a cikin pteric suna da siffar mazugi. Har ila yau, Plecostomus ba shi da irin wannan nau'in fata mai faɗi kamar a cikin Pterygoplicht. Hakanan zaka iya kula da layuka na ƙananan spikes tare da jikin kifi. Akwai irin waɗannan layuka guda biyu a cikin brocades, na sama yana farawa a tsayin idanu, kuma a cikin plecostomuses kawai layin ƙananan, wanda ya fara a matakin fin pectoral, yana bayyane a sarari.

A cikin plecostomus, zaku iya ganin layin spines a gefen jiki

Catfish da ke makale a bangon akwatin kifaye an bambanta su ta hanyar whiskers. A cikin plecostomus, antennae suna filiform, kusan marasa launi, yayin da a cikin pteric, antennae suna da kauri, mai yawa. Bugu da ƙari, murfin gill na Pterygoplicht suna da launi mai haske, wanda ba za a iya faɗi game da Plecostomus ba.

Brocade catfish kuma yana rikice da ancistrus (Ancistrus). Wasu masu kifin kifaye masu son ajiye waɗannan kifin a cikin akwatin kifaye ɗaya kuma ƙila ba za su lura da bambanci tsakanin su ba har tsawon shekaru da yawa. Yana da wuya kada a rikitar da su ba tare da takamaiman ilimin ba, musamman idan kifin yana da launi iri ɗaya. Amma zaka iya bambanta su ta siffar jiki da sauran cikakkun bayanai. Idan shekarun kifin ya kai kusan iri ɗaya, to bambancin zai kasance cikin girman. A cikin shagunan dabbobi, zaku iya samun matashin Ancistrus mai tsayi kusan santimita 2, da Pteric - 3-4 santimita. Hakanan akwai tabo mai haske sama da wutsiya na ancistrus, yayin da pterygoplicht ba shi da irin wannan fasalin.

Idan ka duba da kyau, za ka ga cewa jikin kifin da wutsiya, kamar a ce, an raba su da ɗigon haske.

Bugu da ƙari, kifi na brocade yana da ƙarin buɗewar fins da bayyananne, "m" shaci. Ancistrus ya yi laushi, siffar jiki ya fi sauƙi.

Siffofin kulawa da kulawa

Brocade pterygoplichts suna kallon haske da ban mamaki, wanda suke matukar son masu ruwa. A dabi'a, waɗannan kifin suna da zaman lafiya, amma suna iya yin rikici da dangi. Dalilin sabani shine gwagwarmayar neman shugabanci. Pteriks suna aiki a cikin duhu, kuma a cikin hasken rana suna ɓoye a ƙarƙashin snags da ganyen shuke-shuke. Catfish yana buƙatar babban akwatin kifaye (1 brocade catfish - 200 lita). Gaskiyar ita ce pterik ba zai yi girma a cikin karamin akwatin kifaye ba. Kwayoyin halitta za su yi ƙoƙarin girma, amma za a sami ɗan sarari. A sakamakon haka, dystrophy na iya tasowa, kuma wannan yana da lahani ga kifi kuma yana rage tsawon rai. Baya ga girman, wasu dabaru kuma suna shafar ci gaban kifin.

Hanya daya tilo don samun ci gaba cikin sauri shine babban (digiri 28) zafin ruwa da canje-canje akai-akai, hade tare da wadataccen abinci (sau 2 a rana). Abincin ya ƙunshi spirulina, krill, fillet ɗin abincin teku, da dai sauransu, kuma pterik ya ci komai don 4 matasa Astronotus. Ban daina goge bangon ba.

Alexander Kharchenko, mai pterygoplicht

A cikin nau'in kifi na brocade, ana tsara tsarin jigilar hanji ta yadda za su iya sha iska mai iska. Idan kifi ba shi da isasshen iska, kifin ya fito ya haɗiye kumfa mai iska da bakinsa. Duk da haka, kuna buƙatar tace da kyau kuma ku ba da iskar oxygen zuwa ruwa. Ana iya shirya iska (jikewar iska) da tacewa ta amfani da na'urori na musamman waɗanda ake siyarwa a kowane kantin sayar da dabbobi. Bugu da ƙari, yana da matukar muhimmanci a ba da akwatin kifaye tare da kowane nau'i na matsuguni (grottoes, caves, da dai sauransu). Idan ba zai yiwu a shigar da irin wannan "gidaje", to, kana buƙatar kula da kasancewar algae mai laushi (catfish na iya ɓoye a cikin inuwar su).

Bidiyo: brocade catfish a cikin akwatin kifaye mai dadi

Siffofin ruwa

A cikin daji, pterygoplichts suna zaune a cikin koguna, don haka ana amfani da su don motsin ruwa. Hakanan za'a iya yin rauni mai rauni tare da tacewa. Ichthyologists suna ba da shawarar sigogin ruwa na wajibi:

• zafin jiki - 24-30 ° C;
• alkalinity - 6,5-7,5 pH;
• matsakaicin taurin.

Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a canza ruwa aƙalla sau ɗaya a mako. Babban sabuntawar ruwa ba lallai ba ne, ya isa ya maye gurbin kwata na ƙarar. Brocade kifi da kansu suna zaɓar wuri mai dadi, don haka ba a buƙatar haske na musamman. Kuna iya shigar da fitila don sauran kifi, kuma catfish zai dace da yanayin da aka tsara.

Dokokin ciyarwa

Kifin aquarium yana cin komai. Baya ga algae, kifi na iya cin abinci mai sauƙi na shuka:

• nettles;
• alayyafo;
• karas;
• Dandelion.

An tsara jikin kifin don su iya cinye furotin dabba:

• tsutsotsin ƙasa;
• tsutsotsin jini;
• jatan lande.

Ana lura da daidaitattun ma'aunin ma'adanai da bitamin a cikin busasshen abinci da aka shirya don kifi na ƙasa. Brocade kifi kuma yana iya cin sauran kifi. Wannan ba sakamakon tashin hankali ba ne, kawai kifin yana ganin abinci a cikin kifin mai yin iyo a hankali. Mafi sau da yawa, discus da angelfish (lebur da jinkirin) suna rasa ma'auni daga masu tsotsar kifi. Abincin da ya dace don brocade catfish shine haɗuwa da carbohydrates (70-80%) da sunadarai (20-30%). Idan pterygoplicht ya riga ya girma, to babu buƙatar canza tsarin abinci na yau da kullun don abincin "daidai". In ba haka ba, zai iya ƙin abinci.

Bugu da ƙari, kowane kifi bazai iya cin abincin da ba a saba da shi ba. Alal misali, an ciyar da ptera tare da tsutsotsi na jini, kuma kuna ba shi kwayoyin - bazai ci ba. Wataƙila ba cin abinci na dogon lokaci ba.

Roman, gogaggen aquarist

Saboda salon rayuwar dare, pterik yana cin abinci kaɗan a rana. Sabili da haka, idan kun lalata kifin tare da kayan abinci mai kyau, to, zaku iya ba, alal misali, abinci mai daskararre don dare. Duk abin da ba za a ci ba, har da sauran kifi, zai zauna a ƙasa. Da daddare kifin zai debo ragowar ya ci. Wasu kifayen brocade, sun kai girma kuma sun ƙaru, sun fara fitar da ko da manyan ciyayi. Sabili da haka, kuna buƙatar shigar da algae tare da tsarin tushe mai ƙarfi.

Idan kuna son algae mai laushi tare da tushen rauni, zaku iya dasa su a cikin tukwane. A kasan jita-jita kuna buƙatar yin ƙananan ramuka don kada ku rufe sararin samaniya. Bayan dasawa, yakamata a yayyafa ƙasa da ke cikin tukunya da tsakuwa. Dole ne a lulluɓe tukunyar gaba ɗaya tare da raga mai kyau (misali gidan sauro), barin rami kawai don shuka ya fita. Catfish ba zai iya ketare irin wannan dabara ba.

Bawon kwakwa shine madaidaicin madadin itacen driftwood

Catfish da gaske yana buƙatar snags. Irin waɗannan abubuwa suna cike da ƙananan algae, kuma pterygoplichts suna cinye su. Wannan suturar saman ba zai maye gurbin cikakken abinci ba, amma yana da mahimmanci a cikin abincin. Brocade da sauran kifi suna karɓar abubuwan da suka dace daga waɗannan algae, wanda ke shafar aikin tsarin narkewa, haske mai launi da rigakafi gaba ɗaya. Kifin da ke ƙasa yana sannu a hankali, don haka sau da yawa ba sa ci (sauran kifayen suna haɗiye duk abincin). Saboda haka, kana buƙatar tabbatar da cewa duk sauran mazaunan akwatin kifaye sun cika, kuma bayan haka zuba wasu karin abinci. Kifi mai cike da gamsuwa zai yi watsi da sabon wadatar abinci, kuma kifin zai ci cikin nutsuwa. Kuna iya tantance rashin abinci mai gina jiki ta hanyar bincika cikin kifin (mai yawa, ciki mai zagaye yana nuna gamsuwa).

Dace da sauran kifi

A cikin daji, idan kifin yana cikin haɗari, ya shimfiɗa finsa don ya zama girma kuma abokan gaba ba za su iya haɗiye shi ba. A lokacin hibernation, pterik, binne a cikin laka, huss. Don haka yanayi ya tanadar don "ƙarararrawar" kifin kifi, wanda ke haifar da lokacin da kifi ke barci kuma yana da mummunan iko akan abin da ke faruwa a kusa. A cikin akwatin kifaye, irin wannan haɗari mai mahimmanci ba ya barazana ga kifin, don haka rikici ya tashi ne kawai tsakanin maza na kowane irin kifi. Kifin yana shimfida filayensa masu haske don tsoratar da abokin hamayyarsa.

Tun da pterygoplicht na iya girma har zuwa rabin mita, dole ne maƙwabta su dace da girmansa. Cichlids, gourami, polypterus, da dai sauransu za a iya dangana ga "m" makwabta. Koyaya, ba za a iya ƙara kifin ga cikakken masu cin ganyayyaki ba. Kifin zai ci ko fitar da duk abin da zai iya, kuma maƙwabcin ciyawa zai ji yunwa.

Pterygoplicht an bambanta ta wurin tawali'u da kuma abota. Amma wani lokaci jayayya tsakanin kifaye na iya tasowa a lokuta da aka dasa kifin da aka riga ya girma a cikin akwatin kifaye na kowa. Maza na ko da wasu nau'in suna iya ganin abokin gaba a cikin sabon shiga.

Bidiyo: kifin cichlid ya kai hari sabon pterygoplicht

Ma'auni na iya yin watsi ko jin tsoron mutum, amma bayan lokaci, kifi zai saba da wanda ke ba da abinci. Idan catfish yana rayuwa tare da mutum ɗaya na shekaru da yawa, to bayan lokaci za a ba shi hannu.

kiwo

A cikin shekaru uku, kifin brocade zai zama balagagge na jima'i. Sau da yawa, aquarists, sanin wannan, sun fara shirya don ƙari (sun sayi wani kifi na kishiyar jima'i, shirya jigger, da dai sauransu). Amma a gida yana da wuya a iya haifar da pterygoplichts. Gaskiyar ita ce, a cikin daji, mace tana yin ƙwai a cikin burrows. Wuraren da ke cikin ƙasa ya kamata ya zama marar ƙarfi kuma girman da namiji balagagge zai iya ɓoye a cikin su (yana kiyaye ƙwai).

Sabili da haka, duk soya da aka sayar a cikin aquashops na Rasha ana kawo su daga gonakin kifi. Masu kiwon kiwo suna sanya nau'i-nau'i na kifi mai kaifi a cikin tafkuna na musamman tare da ƙasa mai laka da ƙasa mai laushi. Akwai gonakin pterygoplicht na kasuwanci a Amurka, Ostiraliya, da kudu maso gabashin Asiya.

Pterygoplicht cututtuka

Brocade catfish kifi ne mai jure kamuwa da cututtuka iri-iri. Amma idan an keta yanayin tsarewa (rashin abinci mai gina jiki, rashin driftwood, ruwa mai datti, da dai sauransu), rigakafi na kifin na iya raunana. Mafi yawan matsalolin kiwon lafiya a cikin kifin kifi sune cututtukan narkewa da cututtuka masu yaduwa.

Kifin da ke ƙasa yana fuskantar kamuwa da cuta tare da protozoa. Amma lafiyayyen pterygoplicht ba ya yin rashin lafiya kamar haka, don haka yana da mahimmanci don kula da rigakafi na kifin (cikakken abinci mai kyau, tsabtar akwatin kifaye, da sauransu). Catfish na iya yin rashin lafiya tare da ichthyophthyroidism (colloquial - "semolina"), abin da ke haifar da shi shine takalmin infusoria. Idan ba a canza ruwa na dogon lokaci ba kuma an keta wasu sharuɗɗan tsarewa, to ana iya yada kamuwa da cuta zuwa sauran mazaunan akwatin kifaye. Ana kawo wannan ciwon tare da sabon kifi (don haka kuna buƙatar tunawa game da keɓewar mako uku don masu farawa). Kuna iya gano cutar ta wurin fararen fata a jikin kifin. Idan pterik ɗinku yana rufe da "mold" a wurare, kuna buƙatar gaggawar zuwa likitan dabbobi. Maganin da aka rubuta za a buƙaci a ba da shi ta hanyar dasa kifi mara lafiya a cikin wani akwati dabam.

Idan akwai tabo ɗaya kawai kuma kwanan nan ya bayyana, to, zaku iya gwada maganin catfish da kanku. Don yin wannan, ana ƙara yawan zafin jiki a cikin akwatin kifaye (tankin jigging) zuwa 30 ° C. Ruwan an yi shi da ɗan ƙima. Ana fatan cewa mai cutar da cutar ba zai tsira daga canje-canje masu yawa ba kuma ya bar jikin dabbar ku. Idan hakan bai taimaka ba, je wurin likitan dabbobi nan da nan. Yana da mahimmanci a bi da pterygoplicht, saboda, duk da girman su, kifi, kamar sauran kifi, na iya mutuwa daga cutar.

Idan kifin ya kwanta ya rame kuma bai motsa ba, yana iya rashin lafiya

Ƙwararrun aquarists na iya tunanin cewa ba za a kula da kifin ƙasa mara kyau ba, amma wannan ba haka ba ne. Idan an keta sharuddan kiyaye kifin ta kowace hanya, kifin zai yi rashin lafiya, kuma wannan zai bayyana kansa a cikin nau'ikan alamun:

• hali ya canza (boye ko da daddare, bugun da ganuwar akwatin kifaye, da dai sauransu);
• sassan jiki ko daidaikun mutane sun yi haske (ciki, fins, baya);
• kifin kifi yana kama da maras nauyi (rasa nauyi, bakin da ya ragu, da sauransu);
• idanu masu launin fari ko masu kumbura;
• ramuka sun bayyana tsakanin haskoki na fins ko fins suna kallon "tattered";
• wani fim mai haske ya bayyana a saman ruwa, haske mai haske ya bayyana a cikin ruwa (ba daga abinci ba) ko zaren haske na gamsai "sun rataye";
• kifi ya rasa ci;
• dabbar tana kwance a kasa.

Pteriki galibi yana rashin lafiya daga tarin kwayoyin halitta. Abubuwan da ke cikin jiki, waɗanda suka ragu a cikin ruwa, suna haifar da karuwa a matakin abubuwa masu cutarwa (nitrites, ammonia, da dai sauransu). Amma kada mutum ya yanke kauna ya hakura da irin wannan hali. Akwai gwaje-gwaje masu sauri daban-daban akan kasuwa waɗanda zaku iya amfani da su a gida (ba lallai ne ku sayi masu tsada ba).

Kuna buƙatar zaɓar gwaje-gwaje don gane gishiri daban-daban (nitrites, nitrates), chlorine da matakan pH lokaci ɗaya.

Kowane gwaji yana zuwa tare da umarni. Don haka za ku fahimci ainihin abin da ke birgima. Daya daga cikin hanyoyin da za a magance wani abu mai cutarwa shine sanyaya iska. Waɗannan abubuwan ƙari ne na musamman waɗanda zasu iya kawar da guba. An zaɓi na'urar kwandishan don amfani a cikin takamaiman ƙarar ruwa. Hakanan kuna buƙatar maye gurbin ɓangaren ruwa (1/4). Wannan kuma yana buƙatar kwandishan (misali, Akutan ko Aquasafe). Dole ne a bi da sabon ruwa tare da wannan wakili, idan ya cancanta, mai tsanani zuwa yanayin da ake so kuma a zuba a cikin akwatin kifaye. Idan ba zai yiwu a saya irin wannan ƙari ba, to, za ku iya bi da ruwan a cikin hanyar da ta fi damuwa (tafasa da sanyi).

Lokacin da ruwan ya dawo al'ada, rigakafin catfish zai fara farfadowa. Sa'an nan kuma za a sami damar cewa kifi zai warke. Pterygoplicht yakan yi iyo a ƙasa, yana taɓa ƙasa da finshi. Idan fins na pectoral ba su motsa ba, kuma kifi kawai ya yi ƙarya (kuma ba ya cin kome), mai shi ya fara firgita. Baya ga dalilan da aka lissafa a sama, wannan dabi'ar kifin na iya zama saboda damuwa. Alal misali, lokacin da pterik ya zama sabon zuwa akwatin kifaye tare da wasu kifi (ko kifi yana da sabon akwatin kifaye). Idan duk sharuɗɗan tsarewar al'ada ne, to zaku iya jira kwanaki biyu. Lokacin da brocade ya saba da sabon yanayi, tabbas zai fara yin iyo da ci.

Brocade pterygoplicht wani katon kifi ne wanda jikinsa ke lullube da faranti masu tauri. Wadannan kifi suna cin kayan lambu da abinci mai gina jiki, suna jagorancin salon rayuwa kuma ba sa barci da dare. Pterygoplicht na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 20 a cikin yanayin akwatin kifaye.