Ciwon daji a cikin karnuka: alamun oncology da magani

Siffofin ciwon daji

Ciwon daji (neoplasms) ba kansa ba ne. Su ne m da m.

Ciwace-ciwacen ciwace-ciwace ba sa cutar da jiki sosai, suna girma sannu a hankali da iyakancewa, kuma ba sa daidaitawa ga wasu gabobin.

M ciwace-ciwacen daji suna da ƙarfi kuma ana kiran su tare da ciwon daji ko neoplasia. Suna girma da sauri, suna shafar ƙwayoyin da ke kusa da su, kuma cikin sauƙi suna barin wasu ƙwayoyin su. Tare da kwararar jini, ana ɗaukar su a ko'ina cikin jiki, yana haifar da metastases a cikin wasu gabobin, kuma ba tare da magani ba, jiki ya mutu.

A cikin embryogenesis (tsarin ci gaban amfrayo), dukkanin kwayoyin halitta iri ɗaya ne, sannan kuma suna bambanta (rarraba) da zarar sun matsa zuwa gabobin da ake so ko wurin balagagge, suna karɓar aikin su kuma suna yin aikin gabobin - hanta. koda, jijiya, tsoka, zuciya, da sauransu.

Lokacin da cutar ta faru, sel suna haɓaka da yawa: ta hanyar da tantanin halitta ba ya girma zuwa yanayin balagagge, kuma kare ya haifar da ƙari daga yawan waɗannan kwayoyin da ba su da girma.

Siffar ciwon daji zai dogara ne akan nau'in tantanin halitta da ya kasa.

Duk wani tantanin halitta na al'ada a kowace gabo za a iya sake haifuwa a cikin kwayar cutar kansa a wasu yanayi.

Ciwon Hanta A Karnuka

Mafi sau da yawa, ciwace-ciwacen hanta ba su da kyau, duk da haka, akwai kuma ciwon daji a cikin karnuka, wanda ke cikin wannan sashin jiki. Hepatocellular carcinoma wani ƙari ne daga hepatocytes da kansu, nau'in mafi girman kai, tun da yake yana iya rinjayar dukkanin sassan jiki da parenchyma (abubuwan salula na musamman ga kowace gabo). Ba shi da aure kuma babba. Ko kuma ana iya samun ƙananan ciwace-ciwace da yawa da suka warwatse cikin hanta.

Hanta ita ce babbar tacewar jiki, kuma duk jini yana ratsa ta domin tsarkakewa, shi ya sa kwayoyin cutar kansa da ke shiga cikin jini cikin sauri da sauki su samu gindin wannan gabar.

Ciwon fata

Mafi yawan rahoton ciwon daji na fata a cikin karnuka shine adenocarcinoma. Akwai kwayoyin glandular a cikin fata, kuma idan sun canza, adenocarcinoma yana tasowa. Waɗannan ƙananan nodules ne masu yawa a jiki waɗanda ke ɗaga fata sama, sau da yawa suna zubar da jini sosai, suna canza siffar kuma suna girma zuwa kaurin tsokoki.

Bugu da ƙari, squamous cell carcinomas (melanomas) da histiocytomas na iya faruwa. Melanoma yana da kamannin wart mai duhu mai duhu, wanda ke da saurin girma da metastasis. Histiocytomas ciwace-ciwacen ciwace halayen matasa ne. A kan fata, yana kama da gyambon ciki, wanda yawancin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta kanta ke girma a cikin kauri na fata. Wannan tsari ne mara kyau wanda baya haifar da mummunar barazana ga lafiyar kare. .

Ciwon daji na huhu a cikin karnuka

Neoplasias (neoplasms) a cikin huhu na iya zama cuta mai zaman kanta, amma suna da wuyar gaske. Suna kuskure don bronchopneumonia kuma ana bi da su tare da maganin rigakafi, wanda ba shakka ba zai haifar da sakamako mai kyau ba. Ciwon daji na huhu na farko a cikin karnuka na iya tasowa daga ƙwayoyin epithelial na bronchial ko ƙwayoyin alveoli da kansu.

Mafi yawan cututtukan huhu a cikin karnuka sun fito ne daga wasu neoplasms a cikin jiki. Tare da kwararar lymph, ƙwayoyin tumo suna shiga cikin huhu kuma su fara girma, suna shafar kyallen da ke kusa da su, saboda abin da dabba ba zai iya numfashi ba a sakamakon.

ciwon daji

Ciwon daji na hanji a cikin karnuka sau da yawa yana tasowa a matsayin zobe a kusa da wani yanki na musamman na babba ko ƙananan hanji, yana rage haskensa kuma yana da wuya abinci da najasa su wuce ta. Don haka, takamaiman alamun ciwon daji na hanji a cikin kare suna bayyana: amai, zafi, maƙarƙashiya na yau da kullun.

Hoton asibiti na cutar yana kama da ci gaba da toshewar hanji. Mafi na kowa, ko da kuwa irin nau'in, shine lymphosarcoma. Koyaya, Makiyaya na Jamusawa maza, 'yan dambe da kuma Collies suna da niyyar haɓaka adenocarcinomas.

kare ciki ciwon daji

Ciwon daji na ciki a cikin karnuka, bisa ga binciken zamani, yana da wuya sosai. Ba ya wuce kashi 1% na ciwace-ciwacen da ake fuskanta. Idan, duk da haka, an gano ciwon ciki a cikin dabbar dabba, to yawanci adenocarcinoma ne ko lymphoma. Alamun cutar suna kama da na gastritis. Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da su sune nau'ikan nau'ikan irin su chow-chow, bull terriers, collies, staffordshire terriers. Cutar ta zama ruwan dare a cikin tsofaffin karnuka.

Ciwon mahaifa a cikin karnuka

Ciwon daji na mahaifa yana tasowa a sakamakon rushewar hormonal, matakai na kumburi na kullum a cikin mahaifa, haihuwa a cikin karnuka, rashin ciki na ƙarya, cysts na ovarian. Akwai sarcomas da fibrosarcomas a cikin mahaifa. Duk bitches da ba a haɗe su ba suna da haɗari a cikin rabi na biyu na rayuwa.

Don tsokanar ci gaban ciwon daji na iya ɗaukar magungunan hormonal ko kamuwa da cuta tare da ƙwayar cuta. Misali, sarcoma na venereal yana shafar farji da farji, kuma kamuwa da cuta yana faruwa ne ta hanyar saduwa da wata gabobin da ya kamu da cutar – yayin saduwa. Wani lokaci yana iya shafar hanci, lebe, da idanu idan kare ya yi waka ko ya lasa farjin da ya kamu da cutar. Wannan nau'in kansar asalin kwayar cuta ce.

Ciwon daji

Cutar sankarar bargo cuta ce mai tsanani ta jini wacce ke cikin rukunin masu cutar kansa. Canje-canje a cikin jini da ƙwayoyin lymph, marrow kashi. Kwayoyin kariya suna kewaya cikin jini - lymphocytes, wanda ke yaki da ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta da aka fuskanta a kan hanyar jiki. Sakamakon ciwon daji na jini, ba a samar da waɗannan kwayoyin halitta ba, kuma jikin dabba ya zama mara kariya daga duk wani haɗari daga waje.

Alamun ciwon daji na jini a cikin karnuka sune rashin tausayi, rashin tausayi, rashin ci. Sau da yawa akwai karuwa a cikin nodes na lymph, sa'an nan kuma rashin nasarar gabobin jiki da yawa (danniya na jiki) yana tasowa, ƙwayoyin mucous sun juya launin rawaya, anemia da zubar jini wani lokaci ana lura da su.

ciwon nono

Ciwon daji a cikin karnuka shine nau'in cutar da aka fi sani. Ba kasafai ake gani a cikin maza ba, amma na kowa a cikin mata marasa haihuwa. Ba shi da tsinkaya iri, yawanci yana bayyana a cikin tsofaffi. Mafi yawan nau'ikan sarcomas da carcinomas. Na farko, ana jin ƙananan ƙwayar cuta a cikin ƙwayar mammary na kare, yana girma a hankali kuma yana iya yadawa zuwa kunshin maƙwabta na mammary gland. Kimanin rabin cututtukan neoplasia a cikin karnuka sun bazu zuwa huhu.

Ciwon ƙwayar cuta

Ciwon daji na prostate na canine yana faruwa a cikin mazan da ba a tantance ba sama da shekaru 7. Rijista mafi sau da yawa adenocarcinoma - ciwon daji da ke dogara da hormonal. Na dogon lokaci, ciwon daji yana da asymptomatic kuma yana haɓaka ƙasusuwa, huhu, da ƙwayoyin lymph. Yawancin lokaci, ana gano canje-canje a cikin glandar prostate kwatsam kuma a cikin matakai na gaba, lokacin da kare ba zai iya taimakawa ba.

mafitsara ciwon daji

Ciwon sel mai canzawa na mafitsara yana tasowa daga rufin mafitsara, yana shafar wuyansa da urethra. A cikin maza, glandon prostate yana yawan shafa. Ciwon daji yana toshe urethra, yana hana fitar fitsari, yana haifar da jinkiri mai girma, jini yana bayyana a cikin fitsari.

Scottish Terriers suna da saurin kamuwa da cutar kansar mafitsara. Wannan nau'in ƙari ne mai ƙarfi wanda ke girma da sauri kuma yana shafar kyallen jikin da ke kewaye.

Ciwon daji ne

Ciwon daji na kashi yawanci yana shafar ƙasusuwan da ke ɗaukar nauyi mafi girma yayin rayuwa - hip, gwiwa, ƙashin ƙugu, kafada, tibia.

Dukkanin yana farawa da gurguwa da ciwo a yankin da abin ya shafa. Kumburi sau da yawa yana tasowa, kuma fatar da ke wurin da ciwon zai iya zama ja da kuma ulcer. Mafi na kowa shine osteosarcoma. Yayin da ciwon daji ke ci gaba, kashi ya "narke".

Alamun cutar daji a cikin karnuka

A farkon matakan ciwon daji, ana iya samun rashin lafiya gabaɗaya. Kare yana motsawa ƙasa, ci yana raguwa, kuma alamun cututtukan gastrointestinal na iya bayyana. Idan cutar ta kasance a saman jiki, a kan fata, tsokoki ko mucous membranes, to, hatimin da ake iya gani zai bayyana.

Yayin da mataki ke ci gaba, alamun ciwon daji kuma za su ci gaba.

Gasasshen ciwon daji a farkon matakan zai bayyana kansa a matsayin rashin lafiya na gaba ɗaya, ci abinci zai ragu, ingancin ulu zai lalace, launi da daidaito na feces na iya canzawa, kuma hanta zai kara girma. Tare da ci gaba da ciwon daji, alamun bayyanar za su kuma kara tsanantawa: mucous membranes da fata za su juya launin rawaya a cikin dabbar dabba, ascites (digin ciki), rashin ƙarfi na numfashi, da zafi zai bayyana. A cikin matakai mafi ci gaba, amai na bile na iya faruwa.

Ciwon fata na farko yana bayyana kansa a cikin nau'i na ƙananan hatimi a kan fata ko a cikin fata, a hankali ulcers da ulcers marasa warkarwa suna bayyana a kansu. Dabbobin ba shi da gunaguni game da yanayin gabaɗaya har zuwa mataki na ƙarshe na ciwon daji, har sai metastases sun bayyana a cikin gabobin ciki.

Ciwon daji na huhu da farko kama kamar alamun mashako. Kare yana tari, yana gajiya da sauri, ƙarancin numfashi yakan bayyana. A mataki na gaba, lokacin tari, ana iya fitar da jini, ruwa ya taru a cikin kirji, kuma yana da wuya da zafi ga kare ya numfashi.

Ciwon hanji da ciwon ciki da farko, yana bayyana ta hanyar cin zarafi na stool, gudawa na yanayi daban-daban da amai. Yayin da matakin ya tsananta, za a sami gudawa mai tsayi, asarar nauyi, da kumburin ƙwayoyin lymph.

Ciwon mahaifa ya kasance asymptomatic na dogon lokaci. Yana iya haifar da damuwa a cikin tsarin estrus na yau da kullum, kumburi na kullum a cikin mahaifa kuma, a sakamakon haka, zubar da jini.

ciwon nono yana da irin wannan alamun, amma mai shi kuma yana iya samun kullutu a cikin mammary glands, wanda a ƙarshe ya girma, ya karye kuma ya fitar da kumburi da jini.

Ciwon daji - daya daga cikin nau'in ciwon daji mafi wuya, tun da, a gaskiya, dukan jiki ba shi da lafiya, kuma bayyanar cututtuka na iya bambanta. Mafi yawan su ne zazzabi ba tare da dalili ba, anemia, kumburin lymph nodes, rashin lafiya na gaba ɗaya.

Ciwon ƙwayar cuta da kuma Bladder suna da alamomi iri ɗaya - wahalar fitsari, jini a cikin fitsari, zafi, riƙewar fitsari na iya tasowa.

Ciwon daji ne bayyana ta hanyar asymmetry na kashi a cikin yankin da aka shafa, zafi, gurguwa, idan ya ci gaba a kan kafa.

Dalilin cutar

Kamar yadda muka riga muka gano, dalilin ciwon daji shine maye gurbi na tantanin halitta, wanda sakamakon haka ya fara rarrabuwa da lalacewa ba tare da katsewa ba.

Duk da haka, akwai abubuwan da ke haifar da ciwon daji a cikin karnuka.

Ciwon daji cuta ce ta tsufa. Yayin da jiki ke tsufa, hanyoyin tsaro waɗanda ke ganowa da kawar da irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin da suka canza sun zama marasa tasiri. An ƙididdige wannan ƙarin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansa tare da shekaru a cikin magungunan ɗan adam da na dabbobi.

Wani abu da ke haifar da lalacewar kwayoyin halitta shine bayyanar cututtuka ga carcinogens (al'amuran muhalli), ƙwayoyin cuta, da kuma abubuwan jiki irin su UV radiation, wanda zai iya yin tasiri mai yawa.

Rashin gazawar Hormonal sau da yawa yakan haifar da samuwar ciwace-ciwacen da ke dogara da hormone - a cikin al'aura, a cikin gland da ke ɓoye hormones.

Akwai ra'ayoyin da ke nuna cewa rashin iskar oxygen na dogon lokaci - hypoxia - na iya haifar da maye gurbi a cikin sel. Tare da jini, ana isar da iskar oxygen zuwa kowane tantanin halitta, idan saboda wasu dalilai bai isa ba, sel suna shan wahala, mutu ko canzawa.

Akwai kuma ra'ayoyi game da predisposition na kwayoyin halitta. Ciwon daji ana gadonsa, amma ba kowa ne ya gada ba.

Babu wani takamaiman dalilin cutar kansa, yawancin ra'ayoyin masana kimiyya ne ke haɓaka su, kuma duk suna da wurin zama.

Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura da cewa rashin ingancin rayuwa, rashin cin abinci mara kyau, abinci mara kyau, cututtuka masu yawa, cututtuka na yau da kullum, rashin aikin jiki da rashin kula da haifuwa suna da haɗari, abubuwan da ke haifar da ci gaban ciwon daji.

Matakan cutar

Matakan ci gaban ciwace-ciwacen daji a cikin karnuka suna da daidaitaccen rarrabuwa. Ana amfani da shi a cikin mutane, kuliyoyi da kowane nau'in karnuka, ba tare da la'akari da irin cutar ba.

1. Ilimi na farko ya bayyana. Ba ya shafar ƙwayoyin da ke kewaye da shi kuma kawai ya fara samun ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta. Idan an sami ciwace-ciwacen daji a wannan mataki, dabbar za ta yi cikakkiyar farfadowa tare da magani mai kyau.
2. Girma mai aiki da metastasis yana farawa a cikin ƙwayoyin lymph da ke kusa. Hasashen da ake yi a wannan mataki yana kara muni.
3. Rashin shan kashi na ƙwayoyin lymph yana ƙaruwa, amma sauran gabobin ba su da tasiri. A wannan mataki, cikakken dawo da kare ba zai yiwu ba, kuma tsinkayen ya zama mai hankali sosai.
4. Mataki na ƙarshe - farkon samuwar gaba ɗaya yana rinjayar babban sashin jiki, metastases suna bayyana a wasu gabobin. Babu magani a wannan mataki, kuma ana ba da tsinkaya kawai don tsawon rai.

kanikancin

Domin sanin ciwon daji a cikin karnuka, da farko ya zama dole don gudanar da jarrabawar dabbar. Likitan dabbobi a hankali yana nazarin fata da mucous membranes, palpates na ciki gabobin, kimanta physiological sigogi. Sau da yawa, riga a wannan mataki, likita ya gano alamun ciwon daji, don haka za ku iya ganowa ciwon daji na fata, mahaifa, nono, prostate, kashi.

Bayan haka, ana gudanar da cikakken bincike (cikakkiyar jarrabawa) na jiki. Yi gwajin jini don tantance aikin gabobin jiki, adadin fararen jini da jajayen jini a cikin majiyyaci. Wannan zai nuna alamun kai tsaye waɗanda ke ba ku damar zargin kasancewar rufin daji. Ana yin gwajin duban dan tayi na kogon ciki don sanin wurin da ciwon daji yake da kuma alaƙarsa (wanda aka haɗa shi da shi) kuma ana tantance kasancewar metastases. Bincike zai taimake ka gano ciwon hanta, hanji, ciki, mahaifa, mafitsara, prostate. Ana yin x-ray na ƙirji don tantance yanayin huhu, gano raunuka mai zurfi da metastases.

Idan cutar ta kasance a cikin nodes na lymph, kashin baya ko kwakwalwa, ko kuma idan yana da ƙananan, to CT da MRI zasu taimaka wajen gano shi.

Bayan an sami ƙari, dole ne a tantance nau'in sa. Ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun nau'in ciwon daji a kowane nau'i na ciwon daji zai ba da damar ganewar ƙwayar cuta ta biopsy (DBA), core needle biopsy (TIB), trepanobiopsy da buɗaɗɗen ( tiyata) biopsy. Wadannan gwaje-gwaje na iya ba da bayanai game da ciwace-ciwacen nama mai laushi. A lokacin waɗannan karatun, ana ɗaukar kayan ƙari ta amfani da kayan aiki na musamman, sannan a yi nazari a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa don sanin nau'in ciwon daji.

Jiyya

Ciwon daji a cikin karnuka ba hukuncin kisa ba ne. Ana iya samun nasarar magance nau'ikan ciwon daji da yawa tare da kulawar likita akan lokaci. Maganin yana amfani da ka'idar multimodality, wato, amfani da hanyoyi da dama na jiyya. Mafi sau da yawa, lokacin da aka sami ƙari, dole ne a cire shi. Bayan haka, an wajabta wani hadadden maganin chemotherapy na haɗuwa daban-daban, waɗanda aka zaɓa dangane da mataki da nau'in ciwon daji ta likitan oncologist.

Ciwon daji na hanta, fata, hanji, ciki, mahaifa, mammary glands, mafitsara yi masa tiyata. An cire ƙwayar farko da manyan metastases. Bayan haka, an ƙayyade nau'in ciwon daji kuma ana yin zaman chemotherapy da fallasa radiation don lalata ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da sauran ƙwayoyin cutar kansa.

Ciwon daji na huhu da wuya a bi da su, koyaushe suna ƙoƙari su cire babban abin da aka mayar da hankali idan zai yiwu, amma sau da yawa wannan ba zai yiwu ba, tun da ciwon daji a cikin kirji yana girma da sauri kuma ya zama da wuya a samu. Sa'an nan kuma an fara rubuta chemotherapy don rage girman ƙwayar cuta, sannan, idan zai yiwu, an cire shi. Haka yake faruwa da prostate ciwon daji.

Ciwon daji za a iya bi da su kawai tare da zaɓaɓɓen huda na chemotherapy da radiation.

RAYUWA ciwon daji na kashi An nuna yanke kasusuwa - gabbai, jaws, wutsiyoyi, da dai sauransu. An cire kashin da ya shafa gaba daya, m chemotherapy zai hana yaduwar ciwon daji zuwa gabobin da ke makwabtaka da kuma lalata metastases a cikin tsarin lymphatic.

Bugu da ƙari, babban magani don yaki da ciwon daji, an ba da magani na alamun bayyanar cututtuka - masu kashe ciwo, maganin rigakafi, kwayoyi don gyara anemia, maganin rigakafi. Duk wannan kai tsaye ya dogara da matakin da magani ya fara.

Har yaushe karnuka masu ciwon daji ke rayuwa

Hasashen tsawon rayuwar dabbar dabbobi kai tsaye ya dogara da matakin ci gaban ciwon daji wanda aka yi wa mara lafiya magani. Idan cikakkiyar farfadowa zai yiwu a mataki na farko, kuma kare zai rayu tsawon rai da rashin kulawa, to, tare da kowane mataki na gaba, tsinkayen ya kara tsanantawa.

Matsakaicin tsawon rayuwa lokacin neman taimako a matakai 2-3 yana daga watanni 3 zuwa shekaru 3.

A mataki na 4, rashin alheri, ba zai yiwu a magance ciwon daji ba. An ba da magani don rage bayyanar cututtuka, ba da shawarwari don kula da dabba. Rayuwar rayuwa a cikin wannan yanayin na iya zama daga kwanaki da yawa zuwa makonni da yawa. Sau da yawa a wannan mataki an bada shawara don aiwatar da euthanasia na mutum (euthanasia) ga dabba, tun da ingancin rayuwar irin wannan kare ya ragu sosai.

rigakafin

Tunda mafi yawan maye gurbi suna yaduwa ta hanyar kwayoyin halitta, yana da kyau a yi taka tsantsan game da kiwo da fitar da duk mutane masu dauke da kwayoyin cutar kansa.

Castration na iya rage haɗarin haɓaka ciwace-ciwacen da ke dogara da hormone.

Maganin lokaci na kowane cuta, rashin cututtuka na yau da kullum yana rage hadarin ciwon daji.

Kada a yi amfani da abubuwa masu cutar kansa a cikin abinci, lokacin wankewa ko kula da kare. Kar a ba ta magungunan hormonal kowane iri ba tare da takardar sayan likita ba.

Gudanar da bincike da dubawa akai-akai.

Oncology a cikin Dogs Essentials

1. Oncology wani hadadden tsarin cututtuka ne wanda ke haifar da rashin daidaituwa a cikin tantanin halitta.
2. Wasu nau'in ciwon daji ana daukar su cututtukan kwayoyin halitta, amma a lokaci guda, ba koyaushe ake gadonsu ba.
3. Oncology a cikin karnuka za a iya bayyana ta daban-daban general bayyanar cututtuka - rage a ci, aiki, canji a cikin ingancin gashi da tsarin mulki. Takamaiman alamomin da suka dogara da lalacewar wata gaɓa ta musamman sun haɗa da gurgu tare da kansar ƙashi, jini a cikin fitsari tare da kansar mafitsara, da dai sauransu.
4. Babban maganin ciwon daji shine cirewar tiyata. Bayan haka, ana gudanar da chemotherapy don lalata metastases da hana sake dawowa (maimaitawa) na ciwon daji.
5. Nasarar a cikin maganin ciwon daji kai tsaye ya dogara da matakin da aka fara.

Amsoshin tambayoyin akai-akai

Sources:

1. Carolyn J. Henry, Mary Lynn Higginbotham Gudanar da Ciwon daji a cikin ƙananan aikin dabba., 2010.
2. Shulga. ES. Jaridar "Izvestia" Na 5 (73) 2018