Ƙwai masu ɗauke da ƙwai na kajin gida: manyan halaye na nau'in, ka'idodin zaɓi da ciyarwa

Yunkurin bunkasa kiwon kaji, musamman noman kwai, shi ne a da ake yawan bukatar al’ummar birnin na samar da kayayyakin abinci. Shi ya sa a cikin karni na 18 - 19, tsarin samar da kiwo na kiwon kaji ya fara bunkasa sosai. Tun daga shekara ta 1854, an ƙirƙiri wani gida mai kulawa da nufin yin rikodin samar da kwai na kaza.

Samar da masana'antu a fagen kiwon kaji kwai a zamaninmu yana dogara ne akan nau'in kaji na gargajiya - farin leghorn. A kan wannan nau'in, an ƙirƙiri giciye tare da samar da ƙwai masu yawa, kuma manyan wuraren kiwon kaji suna karɓar kusan guda 260 kowace kaza. Bugu da ƙari, ana lura da giciye na kaji a cikin samarwa, wanda ke ɗauke da ƙwai a cikin fararen fata da duhu. Giciye tare da harsashi masu launi an fi so a Italiya, Ingila, Amurka, Japan da Faransa.

Bayan nazarin kwatancen halaye na nau'in kaji, an bayyana fa'idodin giciye mai launin ruwan kasa a cikin aminci, kyakkyawan aiki, rarraba ta hanyar jima'i da juriya na kaji.

Menene bambanci tsakanin nau'in kwai na kaji?

Duk wani nau'in tsuntsaye masu yin kwai yana siffata kasancewar halaye da dama:

1. Nauyin nauyi (ba fiye da kilo 2,5 ba);
2. Ci gaba da sauri, yana faruwa a zahiri kwanaki 140 bayan haihuwa;
3. Wadannan nau'in kaji suna yin ƙwai a cikin farin harsashi a ranar 125th na ci gaba;
4. Yawan noman kwai (ana samun kwai kusan 300 daga tsuntsu daya), wanda kuma ana tabbatar da kasancewar zakaru masu kyau a gona.

Bayan duk abubuwan da ke sama, waɗannan kajin kuma suna da kyan gani. A lokaci guda kuma, duk nau'in kaji suna kama da juna. Su fairly m plumage ne da kyau ɓullo da kuma kusa da jiki. Fuka-fuki da wutsiya suna girma zuwa girman girma. A kai akwai madaidaici mai hakora bakwai.

Daban-daban na kwanciya kaza breeds

Wataƙila mafi shahararren nau'in shine Leghorn, wanda shine nau'in nau'i mai kyau. Kwanciya iri sun sami damar ƙirƙirar kiwo na Amurka.

Har ila yau, mai kyau wakilin hens-kwai shine nau'in Isobrown, wanda Faransanci ya haifa.

Kiwon kaji da zakara, wanda aka tsara don samar da adadi mai yawa na ƙwai, yana da tasiri mai kyau akan samuwar noma. Kusan kowane nau'in kaji na zamani ya riga ya iya yin har zuwa ƙwai 150 a farkon shekara ta rayuwa. Don cimma iyakar sakamako, ya kamata koyaushe ku kula da ingantaccen haske a ƙarami. cikin sa'o'i 14 a kullum. Ta hanyar bin waɗannan sharuɗɗan, mai gidan kiwon kaji zai iya tabbatar da cewa tsuntsayensa za su ba da ƙwai a kowace rana.

A matsayinka na mai mulki, dole ne a maye gurbin dabbobin a kowace shekara.

Kwai irin Leggorn

Na farko da suka fara cin gajiyar yawan kiwo na wannan nau'in kaji da zakara su ne Amurkawa. Manufar da ke zaune a cikin wannan kasar nan ta fara yin nazarin manyan nau'ikan domin samar da tsuntsayen da zasu samar da ƙwai da yawa. Don haka, an haifi nau'in Leghorn.

A kasashen yamma, wadannan tsuntsaye, ciki har da zakara, sun yi suna, kuma daga karshen karni na 20, an kawo irin wannan nau'in a cikin kasarmu. Wadannan tsuntsaye suna dauke da kyaun kwanciya kaji, amma ƙyanƙyashe qwai da kyau, sabili da haka hanyar da ake yin kiwo tare da taimakon brood hens ba zai yi aiki ba.

Da kanta, nau'in kaji da zakara sun ƙunshi ƙananan tsuntsaye masu laushi masu launin fuka-fuka - launin ruwan kasa, baki da fawn. Baligi kaji zai iya kai nauyin kilogiram biyu, kuma balaga yana faruwa daga watanni hudu. A cikin shekara za ta iya rushewa kimanin qwai 200an rufe shi da harsashi mai yawa na farar inuwa ba tare da kasancewar aibobi ba.

Duk kajin wannan nau'in suna rayuwa sosai - kusan kashi 95% na ƙwai a cikin incubator ana haɗe su. Zakara da kaji suna cin matsakaici - kwai dozin dozin suna buƙatar kilogiram 1,5 na abincin da aka ci. Farin giciye suna yin ƙwai sau da yawa fiye da sauran.

Farar kwai mai ɗauke da Rashanci

Bayan bayyanar nau'in Leggorn a Rasha, gidaje masu zaman kansu, da kuma samar da masana'antu, sun fara haɓaka waɗannan tsuntsaye tare da nau'in kaji da zakaru. Sakamakon irin wannan yunƙurin shine bayyanar jinsin Farin Rasha. A ƙarshe an amince da nau'in a cikin 1953.

Bayanan Tsuntsaye daban da sauran yadudduka mai bi:

• Ƙananan ci gaba mai kyau;
• Babban tsefe mai siffar ganye;
• Fararen kunnuwa;
• Fadin kirjin gaba;
• Tsawancin jiki da babban ciki;
• Fuka-fuki masu yawa da ci gaba;
• Ƙafafu masu matsakaicin girma ba a rufe su da gashin tsuntsu;
• Farin fuka-fukan fuka-fukai.

Zakara da kaji na wannan nau'in suna da halin rashin fa'ida wajen kiyayewa da ciyarwa. Wadannan tsuntsaye ana la'akari da su a matsayin masu cin gashin kansu kuma sun kai nauyin kimanin 1,8 kg. Roosters sun fi kaji nauyi (kimanin kilogiram 2,5). Nauyin kwai ya fi gram 50, kuma a kowace shekara tsuntsu yana ɗaukar kwai 300.

Oryol oviparous

Wannan nau'in shine mafi tsufa a cikin Rasha, tun lokacin da aka haifa nau'in kimanin ƙarni biyu da suka wuce. Babu wanda ya san ainihin asalin tsuntsayen Oryol, amma masu shayarwa sun tabbatar da cewa kakanninsu ne. Kaji na Iran da zakara.

An bambanta nau'in kaji na Oryol da halaye masu zuwa:

• Tasowar jiki akan kafafu masu ƙarfi da tsayi;
• An bambanta kwanyar ta hanyar ƙashi mai faɗi mai faɗi;
• Bakin yana lanƙwasa kuma yana da kaifi;
• Ƙunƙarar ƙarami ne kuma yana rataye da ƙananan gashi a kai;
• Tsuntsun yana da gemu da whiskers;
• Launin gashin tsuntsu na iya bambanta daga ja zuwa fari;
• Samar da kwai - kimanin guda 200 a kowace shekara.

Ukrainian kunnen kunne

Wannan nau'in kaji da zakara yana cikin mafi yawan nau'in tsuntsaye masu yin kwai. Sunan nau'in ya fito ne daga gaskiyar cewa an rufe kunnuwansu m gashi, kamar hula. Babban Halayen physiological na wannan nau'in kaji da zakara sune:

• Kan zakara da kaji matsakaici ne;
• Tsuntsaye mai siffar ruwan hoda;
• An fentin kunnen kunne da ja kuma an rufe su da ƙona gefe;
• Karami kuma mai lankwasa baki;
• Short wuya da kuma madaidaiciya baya, waɗanda ke da halayen zakara da kaji;
• Ba a rufe kafafu da gashin fuka-fuki;
• Launin fuka-fukan shine baki-ja ko launin ruwan kasa-ja.

Wannan nau'in kaji da zakara ba shi da fa'ida kuma saboda haka, tare da matsakaicin ciyarwa, suna iya yin nauyi kusan kilogiram biyu (zaru sun fi girma). Ana iya samun ƙwai har 160 daga tsuntsu ɗaya a shekara. Kwai na farko "Ukrainian earflaps" yana ba da shekaru watanni biyar.

Hamburg kaza irin

Wannan nau’in tsuntsayen ana kiwo ne a kasar Rasha saboda yawan kwai da kuma kuzarinsu. Hamburg hens da zakara suna siffata kyawawan plumage da ƙananan girma. Ainihin, wannan nau'in kaji ana fentin fari. Tsuntsu yana samar da ƙwai 170 a kowace shekara, kuma kusan kashi 85% na kaji suna rayuwa idan an ƙyanƙyashe.

Carpathian kore kafa

A hukumance, an yi rajistar wannan nau'in a farkon karni na karshe a Poland. Tsuntsu yana da kyau sosai a bayyanar - babban ɓangaren jiki (ciki, cinya da kirji) an rufe shi da gashin fuka-fukan baki, sauran kuma ja. Zakara na wannan nau'in ko da yaushe suna da kyan gani fiye da kaji. Manikin lemu ne mai haske, ƙwanƙolin jajaye ne, ƙafafu kuma masu kore.

Carpathian greenlegs suna shirye don yin ƙwai da watanni shida na ci gaba. A cikin shekara wannan nau'in kaji yana dauke da qwai 180. A zahiri babu cholesterol a cikin kwai na wannan nau'in kaji da zakara. Abin da ya sa wannan samfurin yana da amfani sosai ga mutum.

Yadda za a gane cikakken kwanciya kaza?

Idan kana buƙatar zaɓar nau'in kaza mai kyau da zakara, dole ne ka kula da bayyanar da hali na tsuntsu. Lokacin da zakara da kaji suna wayar hannu kuma suna cin abinci da rayayye, an bambanta su da ƙafafu da yawa, to ya kamata ku kula da wannan nau'in kaji. Bugu da kari, irin kwai na kaza da zakara sun sha bamban ciki mai laushi da 'yan kunne masu haske.

Har ila yau, wani sifa na kwanciya kaji shine pigmentation, wanda ke ɓacewa a cikin aikin haɓakar yawan kwai.

A cikin kaka, a cikin nau'i mai kyau na kaza da zakara, harsashi na ido, yankin uXNUMXbuXNUMXbthe kafafu da baki ya zama paler.

Ciyar da manyan tsuntsaye

Ana ɗaukar kaza ɗaya daga cikin dabbobin da ke cin kusan komai kuma an bambanta su ta hanyar gajeriyar hanyar narkewa. Da farko, ya kamata a ciyar da shi tare da abinci mai mahimmanci, alal misali, hatsi da aka wadatar da sunadarai na dabba da abubuwan nitrogen.

A matsayinka na mai mulki, wannan abincin dole ne ya zama 2/3 na abincin tsuntsu, kuma sauran na uku an karkatar da su zuwa abinci mai yawa a cikin nau'i na ma'adanai da sharar abinci. A lokacin kwanciya, tsuntsu yana buƙatar amfani da ƙarin calcium. Idan abincin ya ƙunshi ƙarancin adadin wannan sinadari, sai ta fara tsinke filasta ko ƙwai.

A lokacin har sai tsuntsu yana yin ƙwai, abincinsa ya kamata ya ƙunshi daga hatsi da sharar abinci. Lokacin yin ƙwai, yana da mahimmanci a ba da abinci mai gina jiki na kaji (kimanin rabin jimlar taro).

A lokacin rani, yana da kyau a yi tafiya kaji a kan wani wuri na musamman, kuma a cikin hunturu ya kamata a ciyar da su tare da tushen amfanin gona, nettle da gari na clover. Duk wannan ya kamata a ba wa tsuntsaye a cikin nau'i mai dumi da safe.

Menene ya kamata gidan kiwon kaji?

Bayan manomi ya yanke shawarar zabin tsuntsu, kuna buƙatar fara gina aviaries ko cages.

Babban abin da ake buƙata shine mafi kyawun yanki na gidan, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa dole ne ya zama fili. Tsuntsu ya kamata ya motsa a kan sa idan ya dace da ita. Idan manoma sun yi niyya don kiyaye kaji a cikin yanayi mara kyau, suna zai yiwu a yi ba tare da sel ba. A wannan yanayin, kana buƙatar samar da perches masu dadi wanda tsuntsu zai sa qwai.

Yanayi mai mahimmanci daidai yake shine tsabtace wurin, tunda ƙwayoyin cuta na iya haɓakawa a cikin gidan kaji mai datti.

Ya kamata a kiyaye zafin jiki a cikin kaji a kusa da +200. Don kada ya ragu, ɗakin ya kamata ya kasance da kyau - an shimfiɗa shimfidar shimfiɗa a ƙasa, kuma an rataye firam na musamman akan windows.

Hakanan ya kamata ku kula da samun iska mai kyau, saboda tare da iska mai iska, tsuntsaye na iya samun cututtukan numfashi. Zai yi kyau a ba da iska a kowace rana.