Turai marsh kunkuru: hoto, bayanin, mazauninsu

Kunkuruwan bog suna rayuwa a cikin yankin da ke da zafi. Suna cikin ko'ina a Kudancin Turai da Tsakiyar Turai, da kuma a tsakiyar Rasha. Mazauni ya kai Asiya, Arewacin Afirka da Arewacin Amurka. Dabbobi masu rarrafe sun fi son kwanukan kogi da sauran jikunan ruwa. Hakanan ana iya samun su a cikin dazuzzukan dazuzzukan da ke da ruwa mai jika.

Wurin zama na kunkuru

Kunkuruwan bogi suna rayuwa ne a cikin yanki mai zafi, saboda ba su dace da yanayin sanyi da lokacin zafi ba. Ana iya samun dabbobi a yankuna daban-daban na yankin arewa:

1. Tsakiya da Kudancin Turai.
2. Kusa da Gabas.
3. Arewacin Afirka.
4. Yankin yanayi na Arewacin Amurka.

An san cewa kunkuru na marsh kuma suna zaune a Rasha. Ana iya samun su kawai a yankin Turai na ƙasar:

• yankuna na Caucasus;
• yankin na Caspian lowland;
• tushe da kwano na Don;
• Yankin Volga.

Iyakoki na yankin da turtle marsh na Turai ke zaune, sun ratsa cikin Caucasus a kudu, yankin Smolensk a yamma, tushen Don a arewa da kudancin bakin kogin Ural a gabas. Kunkuru na Rasha suna rayuwa ne a cikin rafukan koguna da fadama, inda masu son yakan kama su.

Inda za ku iya kama kunkuru

Ba kamar kunkuru mai jajayen kunne ba, kunkuru na bogin yana rayuwa ne kawai a yankin arewa. ƙwararrun masu shayarwa sun san wasu wurare inda zaku iya kama wakilan wannan nau'in - a nan akwai 'yan misalai:

• delta na Dnieper;
• bakin kogin Penzyanka kusa da Saransk;
• tafkuna kusa da ƙauyen Shadymo-Ryskino (Mordovia).

Kunkurun marsh na Turai sun gwammace magudanan ruwa masu natsuwa na tafkuna, ruwan baya da yankunan koguna na bakin teku. Yafi zama a yankunan ruwa mai kyau, duk da haka, ana zaɓe shi akai-akai don buɗe farin ciki na bakin teku don dumama daga hasken rana.

Zai fi kyau a bincika tare da mazauna gida don takamaiman wuraren zama, tunda yana da wuya a sami waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe.

Kamun kansa anyi shi kamar haka:

1. Suna ɗaukar layin kamun kifi, su dasa ɗan kifin na yau da kullun (halibut, pollock, hake, da dai sauransu) ko ƙwaro, wani kwari.
2. An nutsar da yanki a cikin ɗanɗanon Caramel.
3. Suna jefa shi zuwa zurfin kimanin mita 1,5 kusa da bakin tekun kuma suna jira mai rarrafe don kama wani yanki.
4. Bayan haka, kunkuru yana jawowa zuwa saman, suna shiga cikin ruwa kuma suna ɗauka ta gefe - hagu da dama.
5. A hankali cire ƙugiya daga baki.

Zai fi kyau a kama kunkuru a cikin safiya - daga misalin karfe 5 na safe zuwa abincin rana (13-14 hours). Ba shi da ma'ana a yi haka da maraice da daddare, domin dabbobi masu rarrafe suna barci, kwance a ƙasa. Ko da a cikin rana, ba shi da sauƙin kama wannan dabba, amma masu son iya kama mutane da yawa a cikin rana 1. Kunkuru matasa masu nauyin 500-700 g sau da yawa suna zuwa, duk da haka, akwai kuma kunkuru masu girma waɗanda nauyinsu ya kai kilogiram 1-1,5.

Ina kunkuru yayi hunturu?

Don kama wannan dabba mai rarrafe, kuna buƙatar sanin inda kuma tsawon lokacin kunkuru na marsh a cikin yanayi. Yawancin mutane suna aiki ne kawai a yanayin zafi mai kyau. Da zaran iska ta huce zuwa +6оС (Oktoba-Nuwamba), sai su tafi don hunturu, suna shiga cikin silt a gindin kogin. Don haka kunkuru suna ciyar da duk lokacin sanyi, bayan haka sai su sake bayyana a saman.

Suna fitowa daga lokacin sanyi lokacin da zafin ruwa ya zama aƙalla + 5 ° C, kuma iska ta yi zafi har zuwa + 7 ° C. A tsakiyar Rasha, irin wannan matsakaicin yanayin yau da kullun yana faruwa a hankali a tsakiyar Afrilu ko ma farkon Mayu. Saboda haka, zaku iya ganin dabbobi masu rarrafe na farko a ƙarshen bazara. A cikin yankunan kudanci, inda yanayin zafi ya kusan kusan sama da sifili, kunkuru yana aiki har ma a cikin hunturu.

Anatomy da bayyanar

Takaitaccen bayanin bayyanar dabbar mai rarrafe shine kamar haka:

1. Harsashi na iya samun inuwa daban-daban na baƙar fata, launin ruwan duhu da launin zaitun.
2. Akwai da yawa rawaya spots a jiki da harsashi na marsh kunkuru. Wannan siffa ce ta siffa wacce koyaushe ana nunawa a cikin bayanin.
3. Zaitun ko duhu kore fata.
4. Idanun suna orange, rawaya ko wani lokacin duhu.
5. Ƙafafun suna da faɗin farata, sanye da membranes don yin iyo.
6. Wutsiya tana da tsayi sosai (har zuwa 10-12 cm), an tsara shi don saurin motsawa ƙarƙashin ruwa.

kwarangwal ɗin ya ƙunshi kwanyar kai, gaɓoɓi, kashin baya (cervical, gangar jikin da wutsiya). Babban ɓangaren an lulluɓe shi da harsashi mai yawa wanda zai iya jurewa lodi fiye da nauyin dabbar da ya ninka sau 200. Tsawon manya da ke zaune a cikin daji ya kai cm 35.

Rayuwar rayuwa da haifuwa

Matsakaicin nauyin tururuwa na 700-800 g. Waɗannan matasa ne waɗanda ba su wuce shekaru 3-4 ba. A wannan shekarun, suna girma da sauri. Manya masu rarrafe sun kai kilogiram 1,5 na nauyi. Tsawon rayuwa ya dogara da yanayi:

• Dabbobi masu rarrafe na Turai da na Afirka suna rayuwa matsakaicin shekaru 50-55;
• dabbobin da ke zaune a cikin ƙasa na Rasha da Kusa da Ƙasashen waje - shekaru 40-45.

Dabbobi masu rarrafe suna girma da jima'i a cikin shekaru 7-8, lokacin da tsawon harsashi ya kai akalla 10 cm. Dabbobi suna haifuwa a cikin bazara, kusan nan da nan bayan farkawa daga bacci (Mayu-Yuni). Maza suna bin mata a ƙasa, suna buga harsashi da bakinsu. Sa'an nan kuma suna hawa daga sama - wannan shine yadda tunanin ke faruwa. Matar tana yin ƙwai a cikin yashi a yankin bakin teku (yawanci har zuwa mita 200 daga bakin tekun).

Ta kan gina gida da kanta, tana yaga da kafa ƙasa da tafukan hannu masu ƙarfi. Gina masonry yana ɗaukar matsakaicin sa'o'i 3-4. Sa'an nan kuma kunkuru na mata yana yin ƙwai: daga 5 zuwa 19. Incubation yana daga watanni 2 zuwa 4, don haka jariran suna bayyana a watan Agusta ko Satumba. Suna karya harsashi daga ciki kuma da sauri suka fice daga cikin ƙwai, suna ƙoƙarin shiga cikin kogin. Wani lokaci sukan shiga cikin yashi kuma su kasance a haka har zuwa bazara. Nauyi a lokacin haihuwa 5 g, tsawon - game da 2 cm.

Samuwar jima'i ba a kayyade ba ta hanyar kwayoyin halitta ba, amma ta yanayin muhalli. Idan kamanni ya girma a yanayin zafi mafi girma, yawancin mata za a haifa, kuma idan a ƙananan zafin jiki, za a haifi maza. Sau da yawa, dabbobi, tsuntsaye, da kuma mutane suna lalata gidajen kunkuru. Saboda haka, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, adadin mutane yana raguwa, kuma an sanya kunkuru na bogin matsayi na "Kusa da Barazana".

Abubuwan gina jiki da salon rayuwa

Wani muhimmin ɓangare na lokacin waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe suna ciyarwa a cikin ruwa: suna iya zama a can na kwanaki da yawa a jere, wani lokaci suna fitowa na 'yan daƙiƙa. Kunkuru kan hau kan kasa, amma a mafi yawan lokuta ba sa rarrafe sama da mita 500. Suna zabar shuru mai shuru kuma suna tashi a ranakun rana. Yanayin jikin dabba ba ya dawwama, don haka koyaushe yana dogara ne akan yanayin yanayi.

Kunkuru na bog suna da kyau a yin iyo, yin motsa jiki a ƙarƙashin ruwa, ruwa, da yin kowane motsi. Suna cin abinci galibi:

• crustaceans;
• kwari;
• shellfish;
• tadpoles, kwadi;
• caviar;
• kananan kifi.

Sun fi son farautar mutane masu rai, amma kuma suna iya cin gawa. Kunkurun bogi mafarauta ne, amma mafarauta masu rauni. Sau da yawa suna iya kama abubuwa masu motsi a hankali, don haka a zahiri ba sa cin kifi. Har zuwa 15% na abinci shine abincin shuka - duckweed, algae da sauran tsire-tsire na ruwa.

Yadda ake saita jinsi na dabba mai rarrafe

Yana yiwuwa a ƙayyade jima'i na kunkuru marsh kawai a cikin manya waɗanda suka kasance aƙalla shekaru 7 (tsawon carapace daga 10 cm). Yana da matukar wahala a kafa kasan dabbar mai rarrafe guda daya. Koyaya, idan kun kwatanta dabbobi da yawa, yana da sauƙin yin wannan. Ana ɗaukar alamun masu zuwa a matsayin tushe:

1. Mata suna da filasta lebur (bangon kashi na ciki), yayin da mazan suna da ɗan matsewa a ciki.
2. Mata sun fi maza ƙanƙanta (hagu ma, a yawancin sauran nau'in, yanayin ya kasance akasin haka).
3. Maza suna da faratso mai tsayi da ƙarfi a tafin hannunsu na gaba.
4. Wutsiyar maza tana da tsayi, mai ƙarfi, yayin da na mata ya fi guntu kuma ba tare da kauri ba.
5. Bayan plastron yana da kusurwa a cikin maza kuma yana zagaye a cikin mata.
6. Mata suna da idanu masu haske (rawaya), yayin da maza suna da idanu orange da launin ruwan kasa.
7. A cikin mata, jaws sun fi girma fiye da maza.

Akwai wasu siffofi masu bambanta. Maza suna nuna hali da yawa, sau da yawa suna shirya fada da fafatawa. Suna gudu suna bin mata a kan ƙasa, suna bin su a cikin ruwa.

Sunan nau'in "Kunkuru Marsh" yana nuna halaye na wurin zama da salon rayuwar dabba. Ko da yake a gaskiya, waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe sun fi yawa a cikin ruwa mai tsabta na koguna, tafkuna da tafkuna. Sun fi son ruwa mai natsuwa tare da zafi mai zafi da matsakaicin yanayin zafi.

Bidiyo: Kunkuru marsh na Turai a cikin daji