Gabaɗaya da gwajin jini na biochemical a cikin karnuka: ƙaddamar da alamomi
Contents
Nau'in gwajin jini a cikin karnuka
Akwai nau'ikan gwaje-gwaje da ƙididdiga na jini da yawa a cikin karnuka, zamu tattauna mafi mahimmancin su: babban bincike na asibiti (CCA) da gwajin jini na biochemical (BC). Kwararren likita, ta hanyar kwatanta tarihin da sakamakon gwajin, zai iya ƙayyade ko wane shugabanci za a zaɓa a cikin ganewar asali da kuma yadda za a taimaka wa mai haƙuri.
Gabaɗaya bincike
Cikakken adadin jini a cikin karnuka zai nuna alamun kamuwa da cuta, tsananin tsarin kumburi, yanayin rashin lafiya da sauran abubuwan rashin daidaituwa.
Manyan dalilai:
Hematocrit (Ht) - yawan adadin jajayen ƙwayoyin jini dangane da ƙarar jini. Yawan jajayen ƙwayoyin jini a cikin jini, mafi girman wannan alamar zai kasance. Wannan shine babban alamar anemia. Haɓakawa a cikin hematocrit yawanci baya ɗaukar mahimmancin asibiti, yayin da raguwar sa alama ce mara kyau.
Hemoglobin (Hb) - hadaddun sunadaran da ke ƙunshe a cikin erythrocytes da haɗin oxygen. Kamar hematocrit, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen gano cutar anemia. Ƙaruwarta na iya nuna ƙarancin iskar oxygen.
Kwayoyin jinin jini (RBC) - sel jajayen jini suna da alhakin jigilar oxygen da sauran abubuwa kuma sune mafi yawan rukunin jini. Lambar su ta yi daidai da ma'aunin haemoglobin kuma yana da mahimmancin asibiti iri ɗaya.
Leukocytes (WBC) - Kwayoyin jinin jini suna da alhakin rigakafi, yaki da cututtuka. Wannan rukunin ya ƙunshi nau'ikan sel da yawa masu ayyuka daban-daban. Adadin nau'ikan leukocytes daban-daban ga juna ana kiransa leukogram kuma yana da mahimmancin asibiti a cikin karnuka.
Neutrophils - suna da hannu sosai, suna iya wucewa ta hanyar shinge na nama, suna barin jini kuma suna da ikon phagocytosis (shanyewa) na wakilai na waje kamar ƙwayoyin cuta, kwayoyin cuta, protozoa. Akwai ƙungiyoyi biyu na neutrophils. Stab - neutrophils marasa girma, sun shiga cikin jini kawai. Idan adadin su ya karu, to jiki yana amsawa sosai ga cutar, yayin da fifikon nau'ikan nau'ikan neutrophils (balagagge) zai nuna yanayin cutar.
Eosinophils - karamin rukuni na manyan sel, babban manufar wanda shine yaki da ƙwayoyin cuta masu yawa. Yawan su kusan ko da yaushe yana nuna mamayewa na parasitic. Koyaya, matakin su na yau da kullun baya nufin cewa dabbar ba ta da ƙwayoyin cuta.
Basophils - Kwayoyin da ke da alhakin rashin lafiyar jiki da kuma kiyaye shi. A cikin karnuka, basophils suna karuwa sosai, ba kamar mutane ba, koda kuwa akwai rashin lafiyan.
Monocytes - manyan sel waɗanda zasu iya barin jini kuma su shiga cikin kowane mai da hankali na kumburi. Su ne babban bangaren tururuwa. Ƙara tare da sepsis (kwayoyin shiga cikin jini).
Lymphocytes - Alhaki ga takamaiman rigakafi. Bayan sun sadu da kamuwa da cuta, suna "tuna da" kwayoyin cutar kuma suna koyon yaki da shi. Ƙarfafa su zai nuna tsarin kamuwa da cuta, kuma suna iya karuwa tare da oncology. Ragewa zai yi magana game da maganin rigakafi, cututtuka na kasusuwa, ƙwayoyin cuta.
Platelets - Kwayoyin da ba na nukiliya ba, babban aikin su shine dakatar da zubar jini. Kullum za su tashi tare da asarar jini, azaman hanyar ramawa. Ana iya rage su saboda dalilai guda biyu: ko dai sun yi hasara mai yawa (magungunan thrombotic, asarar jini, cututtuka), ko kuma ba su isa ba (ciwon daji, cututtuka na kasusuwa, da dai sauransu). Amma sau da yawa ana raina su da kuskure idan an sami gudan jini a cikin bututun gwaji (bincike artifact).
Binciken biochemical
Biochemistry na jinin kare zai taimaka wajen ƙayyade ko bayar da shawarar cututtuka na gabobin mutum, amma don fahimtar sakamakon daidai, kuna buƙatar fahimtar ainihin kowane mai nuna alama.
Manyan dalilai:
Albumen furotin ne mai sauƙi, mai narkewa da ruwa. Yana da hannu a cikin matakai masu yawa, daga abinci mai gina jiki zuwa bitamin. Ƙaruwarsa ba shi da mahimmancin asibiti, yayin da raguwa zai iya nuna cututtuka masu tsanani tare da asarar furotin ko cin zarafin metabolism.
ALT (alanine aminotransferase) wani enzyme da ake samu a yawancin sel na jiki. Ana samun mafi girman adadinsa a cikin sel na hanta, kodan, zuciya da tsokoki na tsoka. Alamar tana ƙaruwa tare da cututtuka na waɗannan gabobin (musamman hanta). Har ila yau yana faruwa bayan rauni (saboda lalacewar tsoka) da kuma lokacin hemolysis (lalacewar kwayoyin jinin jini).
AST (aspartate aminotransferase) - wani enzyme, kamar ALT, wanda ke kunshe a cikin hanta, tsokoki, myocardium, kodan, jajayen jini, da bango na hanji. Matsayinsa kusan koyaushe yana daidaitawa da matakin ALT, amma a cikin myocarditis, matakin AST zai kasance sama da matakin ALT, tunda AST yana ƙunshe da adadi mai yawa a cikin myocardium.
Alpha amylase - wani enzyme da aka samar a cikin pancreas (PZh), don rushewar carbohydrates. Amylase, a matsayin mai nuna alama, yana da ƙananan mahimmancin asibiti. Yana shiga cikin jini daga duodenum, bi da bi, karuwarsa na iya haɗuwa da haɓakar haɓakar hanji maimakon cututtuka na pancreas.
Bilirubin pigment ne da ake samu a cikin bile. Ƙara yawan cututtuka na tsarin hepatobiliary. Tare da karuwa, ƙwayoyin mucous suna ɗaukar inuwa mai siffar icteric (icteric).
GGT (gamma-glutamyl transferase) - wani enzyme da aka samu a cikin sel na hanta, pancreas, mammary gland, saifa, hanji, amma ba a samu a cikin myocardium da tsokoki. Haɓaka matakinsa zai nuna lalacewa ga kyallen takarda da ke ciki.
Glucose - sukari mai sauƙi, ana amfani dashi azaman tushen kuzari. Canje-canje a cikin adadinsa a cikin jini zai fara nuna yanayin metabolism. Mafi sau da yawa ana danganta rashi da rashin wadatarsa (lokacin yunwa) ko asara (guba, magunguna). Ƙarawa zai nuna cututtuka masu tsanani irin su ciwon sukari, gazawar koda, da dai sauransu.
Creatinine shine samfurin rushewar furotin. Koda ne ke fitar da ita, don haka idan aikinsu ya baci zai karu. Duk da haka, ana iya ƙara shi tare da rashin ruwa, raunin da ya faru, rashin kiyaye yunwa kafin gwajin jini.
Urea shine ƙarshen samfurin rushewar furotin. Urea yana samuwa a cikin hanta kuma koda yana fitar da shi. Yana ƙaruwa tare da shan kashi na waɗannan gabobin. Ragewar gazawar hanta.
Alkaline phosphatase - wani enzyme da ke kunshe a cikin sel na hanta, kodan, hanji, pancreas, placenta, kasusuwa. A cikin cututtukan gallbladder, alkaline phosphatase kusan koyaushe yana tashi. Amma kuma ana iya ƙarawa a lokacin daukar ciki, enteropathy, cututtuka na cavity na baka, a lokacin girma.
Ka'idoji na sigogin jini
A general bincike
Teburi don tantance ƙa'idodin alamomin gwajin jini na gaba ɗaya a cikin karnuka
| index | Adult kare, al'ada | Puppy, al'ada |
| Haemoglobin (g/L) | 120-180 | 90-120 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 35-55 | 29-48 |
| Erythrocytes (miliyan/µl) | 5.5-8.5 | 3.6-7.4 |
| Leukocytes (dubu/µl) | 5.5-16 | 5.5-16 |
| Soke neutrophils (%) | 0-3 | 0-3 |
| Segmented neutrophils (%) | 60-70 | 60-70 |
| Monocytes (%) | 3-10 | 3-10 |
| Lymphocytes (%) | 12-30 | 12-30 |
| Platelets (dubu/µl) | 140-480 | 140-480 |
A cikin nazarin halittu
Ka'idojin alamomin gwajin jini na biochemical a cikin karnuka
| index | Adult kare, al'ada | Puppy, al'ada |
| Albumin (g/L) | 25-40 | 15-40 |
| GOLD (raka'a/l) | 10-65 | 10-45 |
| AST (raka'a/l) | 10-50 | 10-23 |
| Alpha-amylase (raka'a/l) | 350-2000 | 350-2000 |
| Direct bilirubin Jimlar bilirubin (μmol/L) | ||
| GGT (raka'a/l) | ||
| Glucose (mmol/l) | 4.3-6.6 | 2.8-12 |
| Urea (mmol/l) | 3-9 | 3-9 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 33-136 | 33-136 |
| Alkaline phosphatase (u/l) | 10-80 | 70-520 |
| Calcium (mmol/l) | 2.25-2.7 | 2.1-3.4 |
| Phosphorus (mmol/l) | 1.01-1.96 | 1.2-3.6 |
Bambance-bambance a cikin adadin jini
Gabaɗaya bincike
Ƙididdigar gwajin jini a cikin karnuka
| index | Sama da al'ada | A ƙasa na al'ada |
| haemoglobin Karyawanine Kamann | dehydration Hypoxia (cututtukan huhu, zuciya) Ciwon daji na BMC | Anemia na cututtuka na kullum Kwarar cutar koda Rashin jini Hemolysis Rashin ƙarfe Cututtukan kasusuwa Tsawon azumi |
| leukocytes | Cututtuka (kwayoyin cuta, kwayar cuta) abinci kwanan nan Pregnancy Gabaɗaya tsarin kumburi | Cututtuka (misali, parvovirus enteritis) Immunosuppression Cututtukan kasusuwa Bleeding |
| Neutrophils suna soka | M kumburi Kamuwa da cuta | - |
| Neutrophils sun rabu | Ciwon mara na kullum kamuwa da cuta | Cututtuka na KCM Rashin jini Wasu cututtuka |
| Monocytes | kamuwa da cuta marurai Raunin rauni | Cututtuka na KCM asarar jini Immunosuppression |
| Kayayyaki | Cututtuka Ciwon daji (ciki har da lymphoma) | Cututtuka na KCM asarar jini Immunosuppression Cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta |
| Platelets | Rashin jini/rauni na baya-bayan nan Cututtuka na KCM dehydration | Rashin jini Abubuwan hemolytic (guba, wasu kwayoyi) Cututtuka na KCM Cin zarafin pre-analytics |
Binciken biochemical
Ƙirƙirar gwajin jini na biochemical a cikin karnuka
| index | Sama da al'ada | A ƙasa na al'ada |
| albumen | dehydration | Kuskuren lalata Enteropathy ko furotin-rasa nephropathy Cututtuka Rawanin fata mai yawa (pyoderma, atopy, eczema) Rashin isasshen furotin Effusions / edema Rashin jini |
| Alt | Ciwon hanta Rashin pyridoxine | Hepatopathy (hepatitis, neoplasia, hanta lipidosis, da dai sauransu). Hypoxia Guba pancreatitis raunin |
| AST | Ciwon hanta Rashin pyridoxine | Hepatopathy Guba / maye Amfani da corticosteroids Hypoxia rauni Hemolysis pancreatitis |
| Alpha amylase | - | dehydration pancreatitis koda Enteropathies / fashewar hanji Hepatopathies Shan corticosteroids |
| Bilirubin | - | Hemolysis Cututtukan hanta da gallbladder |
| GGT | - | Cututtukan hanta da gallbladder |
| Glucose | Yunwa marurai sepsis Kuskuren lalata Marigayi ciki | ciwon Damuwa / tsoro Ciwon hanta Hyperthyroidism Juriya na insulin (tare da acromegaly, hyperadrenocorticism, da dai sauransu). |
| urea | Kuskuren lalata Rashin furotin Ascites Yunwa | Rashin ruwa/hypovolemia/girgiza Burns Rashin gazawar koda da sauran lalacewar koda Guba |
| Creatin | Pregnancy Hyperthyroidism Cachexia | Rashin ruwa/hypovolemia koda zuciya gazawar Yawan cin abinci mai gina jiki (ciyarwar nama) |
| Alkaline phosphatase | - | Cututtukan hanta da gallbladder Jiyya tare da anticonvulsants pancreatitis Shekaru matasa Cututtukan hakori Cututtukan kashi (resorption, fractures) marurai |
Yadda za a shirya kare don hanya?
Babban doka kafin gwajin jini shine jure yunwa.
Don manya karnuka masu nauyin fiye da 10 kg, azumi ya kamata ya zama 8-10 hours.
Ya isa ga ƙananan karnuka don jure wa yunwa don 6-8 hours, ba za su iya jin yunwa na dogon lokaci ba.
Ga jarirai har zuwa watanni 4, ya isa ya kula da abinci mai jin yunwa don 4-6 hours.
Ruwa kafin bincike bai kamata a iyakance ba.
Yaya ake daukar jini?
Dangane da yanayin, likita na iya ɗaukar bincike daga jijiya na gaba ko na baya.
Da farko, ana amfani da yawon shakatawa. Ana amfani da wurin allurar da allurar da barasa, bayan haka an tattara jinin a cikin bututun gwaji.
Hanyar, ko da yake ba ta da kyau, ba ta da zafi sosai. Dabbobi sun fi jin tsoron yawon shakatawa fiye da huda da allura. Ayyukan masu mallakar a cikin wannan yanayin shine kwantar da dabbar da aka yi da shi kamar yadda zai yiwu, yi magana da shi kuma kada ku ji tsoro da kanku, idan kare ya ji cewa kuna jin tsoro, zai fi jin tsoro.
Amsoshin tambayoyin akai-akai
Oktoba 6 2021
An sabunta: Oktoba 7, 2021
Za ka iya kuma son
Blue harshe a cikin karnuka
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