Yaya kare yake tunawa da mutum?

Yana da matukar wahala mutumin da ya sami dabbar dabba ya yi tunanin rayuwarsa ba tare da wannan aboki mai ƙafafu huɗu masu ban mamaki ba. Amma ta yaya aka tsara tunaninsu kuma karnuka suna tunawa da tsoffin masu su?

Tabbas, har yanzu masana kimiyya sun yi bincike mai yawa ta wannan hanyar, amma a yau an riga an sami wasu bayanai akan ƙwaƙwalwar karnuka.

Har yaushe karnuka suke tunawa

An riga an tabbatar da cewa karnuka suna da abubuwan tunawa daga baya. Duk da haka, masu bincike ba su yi nazarin duk cikakkun bayanai ba, alal misali, yadda dabbobi ke tunawa da wasu abubuwa.

"Akwai tatsuniyoyi da yawa game da tunawa da karnuka, amma kaɗan kaɗan ne aka yi bincike na gwaji tukuna," in ji Adam Miklosi, shugaban sashen ilimin ɗabi'a a Jami'ar Eötvös Lorand da ke Hungary a wata kasida ta Dog Fancy.

Abin farin ciki, bincike game da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar canine yana ci gaba, ciki har da Cibiyar Bincike ta Duke Canine a Jami'ar Duke, neman amsoshin tambayoyin da ke gaba: Wadanne dabaru na hankali karnuka suke amfani da su don fahimta ko tunawa da abubuwan da suka faru? Shin duk karnuka suna fahimta kuma suna tuna abubuwan da suka faru a hanya ɗaya? Shin akwai bambance-bambancen tsari a tsakanin nau'in jinsin? Amsar kowane ɗayan waɗannan tambayoyin na iya haifar da binciken ban mamaki.

Nau'in ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya a cikin karnuka

Saboda rashin cikakkun bayanai game da yadda ainihin kwakwalwar kare ke "tunawa" abubuwan da suka faru, lokacin ƙoƙarin amsa tambayar "Kare yana tunawa da mai shi?" Tambaya mai kyau za ta kasance: "Yaya za ku iya ganowa?" 

Karnuka ƙwararrun dabbobi ne na gwaji, waɗanda ke ba ƙwararru damar fitar da bayanai dangane da yanayin halayensu.

An san karnuka suna da hankali sosai, amma har yanzu ba a yi cikakken bincike don tantance bambance-bambancen iyawar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya tsakanin nau'ikan ba. Gabaɗaya, karnuka suna nuna nau'ikan damar fahimi iri-iri, gami da masu zuwa:

Memory

Dabbobin dabbobi suna da ƙwaƙwalwar ɗan gajeren lokaci. "Karnuka suna mantawa da wani lamari a cikin mintuna biyu," in ji National Geographic, yana ambaton wani bincike na 2014 da aka gudanar akan dabbobi tun daga bera zuwa kudan zuma. Sauran dabbobi, irin su dolphins, suna da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar lokaci mai tsawo. Amma da alama karnuka ba su da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar da ta fi tsayi fiye da waɗannan mintuna biyu.

Ƙwaƙwalwar haɗin gwiwa da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa

Duk da rashin ƙarfin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, karnuka suna da ƙarfi a cikin wasu nau'ikan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, ciki har da haɗin kai da episodic.

Ƙwaƙwalwar haɗin kai ita ce hanyar ƙwaƙwalwa ta yin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin abubuwa biyu ko abubuwa. Misali, yana iya zama da wahala a saka kyanwa a cikin abin dakon kaya domin ta danganta shi da ziyartar likitan dabbobi. Kuma kare ya ga leshi kuma ya san lokacin tafiya ya yi.

Ƙwaƙwalwar Episodic shine ƙwaƙwalwar wani abu da ya faru da kai da kanka kuma yana da alaƙa da sanin kai.

Har kwanan nan, an yi tunanin cewa mutane da wasu dabbobi ne kawai ke da abubuwan tunawa. Shaidu na anecdotal sun nuna cewa karnuka suna da wannan ikon, amma wani bincike mai zurfi na Halittar Halitta na yanzu ya ba da “shaida don ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa a cikin karnuka.” Ƙungiyar masana kimiyya sun horar da karnuka don kada su amsa umarni kamar "ƙasa" amma don "yin wannan."

Dangane da wasu bayanai, horar da kare don haɓaka ƙwarewar fahimi na ci gaba yana kusa da kusurwa. Shahararren masanin ilimin halin dan Adam kuma marubuci Dokta Stanley Coren ya rubuta wa Psychology A Yau cewa ya taɓa yin hira da wani mutum wanda, bayan da ya rasa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ɗan gajeren lokaci saboda raunin kwakwalwa a lokacin yaro, ya dogara ga kare taimako don taimaka masa da "sabon abubuwan tunawa. Misali, dabbar ta gaya masa inda ya ajiye motarsa.

Har yaushe kare yake tunawa da mai shi na baya?

Sakamakon binciken ya goyi bayan hasashen cewa dabbobi za su iya tunawa da masu su na baya, amma ba a san ainihin yadda suke tunawa da su ba. Misali, kare da ya rayu cikin mawuyacin hali na iya danganta mummunan motsin rai ko halaye masu tada hankali da wasu abubuwa ko wurare. 

Amma an san tabbas cewa karnuka suna kewar masu su idan sun tafi, kuma suna farin ciki sosai idan sun dawo gida.

Duk da haka, wannan baya nufin cewa dabbar tana marmarin wani iyali. Idan kun kewaye kare ku da yanayi na ƙauna da kulawa, zai yi farin cikin rayuwa a halin yanzu kuma ya ji daɗin kasancewa a cikin sabon gidansa na dindindin.