Yaya kare yake fahimtar mutum?

Mun koyi sanin abin da mutumin yake ji da kuma nufin ya yi, idan daidai ne amfani da abubuwan zamantakewa. Alal misali, wani lokacin alkiblar kallon mai magana zai iya gaya muku abin da ke faruwa a kansa. Kuma wannan ikon, kamar yadda masana kimiyya suka daɗe suna tunani, yana bambanta mutane da sauran halittu masu rai. Shin ya bambanta? Bari mu gane shi.

Akwai sanannun gwaje-gwaje tare da yara. Masana ilimin halayyar dan adam sun boye abin wasan yara kuma suka gaya wa yara (tare da kallo ko alama) inda yake. Kuma yaran sun yi kyakkyawan aiki (ba kamar manyan birai ba). Bugu da ƙari, yara ba sa buƙatar a koya musu wannan - wannan ikon yana cikin "tsari na asali" kuma yana bayyana a cikin watanni 14-18. Bugu da ƙari, yara suna nuna sassauci kuma suna "amsa" ko da waɗancan abubuwan da ba su taɓa gani ba.

Amma da gaske ne mu na musamman ne a wannan ma'anar? An dade ana tunanin haka. Tushen irin wannan girman kai shine gwaje-gwaje tare da danginmu na kusa, birai, waɗanda akai-akai suka “kasa” gwaje-gwaje don nuna alamun “karantawa”. Duk da haka, mutane sun yi kuskure.

Masanin kimiyya dan kasar Amurka Brian Hare (mai bincike, masanin juyin halitta kuma wanda ya kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Dog Cognitive Ability) ya kalli baƙar fata Labrador Orio yana yaro. Kamar kowane Labrador, kare yana son korar kwallaye. Kuma yana son yin wasa da kwallayen wasan tennis 2 a lokaci guda, daya bai isa ba. Kuma yayin da yake bin ƙwallon ɗaya, Brian ya jefa ta biyu, kuma, ba shakka, kare bai san inda abin wasan ya tafi ba. Lokacin da kare ya kawo kwallon farko, ya dubi maigidan a hankali ya fara yin haushi. Yana neman a nuna masa da alama inda kwallon ta biyu ta tafi. Daga baya, waɗannan abubuwan tunawa da yara sun zama tushen bincike mai tsanani, wanda sakamakonsa ya ba masana kimiyya mamaki. Ya juya cewa karnuka daidai suke fahimtar mutane - ba mafi muni fiye da 'ya'yanmu ba.

Masu binciken sun ɗauki kwantena biyu da ba su da tushe waɗanda wani shinge ya ɓoye. An nuna wa karen magani, sannan aka sanya shi cikin daya daga cikin kwantena. Sannan aka cire shingen. Kare ya fahimci cewa wani wuri ne mai dadi ya kwanta, amma inda ainihin, ba ta sani ba.

A cikin hoton: Brian Hare ya gudanar da gwaji, yana ƙoƙarin sanin yadda kare yake fahimtar mutum

Da farko, ba a ba karnukan wata alama ba, wanda ya ba su damar yin zaɓin nasu. Don haka masana kimiyya sun gamsu cewa karnuka ba sa amfani da jin warin su nemo “gama”. Abin ban mamaki (kuma wannan abin mamaki ne da gaske), da gaske ba su yi amfani da shi ba! Sabili da haka, damar samun nasara shine 50 zuwa 50 - karnuka suna yin hasashe ne kawai, suna la'akari da wurin da ake bi da kusan rabin lokaci.

Amma lokacin da mutane suka yi amfani da motsin rai don gaya wa kare amsar daidai, yanayin ya canza sosai - karnuka sun magance wannan matsala cikin sauƙi, suna tafiya kai tsaye zuwa akwati mai kyau. Bugu da ƙari, ba ko alama ba, amma alkiblar kallon mutum ya ishe su!

Sannan masu binciken sun ba da shawarar cewa kare ya ɗauki motsin mutum ya mai da hankali a kansa. Gwajin ya kasance mai rikitarwa: idanun karnuka sun rufe, mutumin ya nuna daya daga cikin kwantena yayin da idanun kare ke rufe. Wato da ta bude idonta, mutumin bai yi wani motsi da hannunsa ba, sai dai ya nuna da yatsa a daya daga cikin kwantena. Wannan bai dame karnuka ba - har yanzu sun nuna kyakkyawan sakamako.

Sun zo da wani rikitarwa: mai gwaji ya ɗauki mataki zuwa ga akwati "ba daidai ba", yana nuna daidai. Amma kuma ba za a iya jagorantar karnuka a cikin wannan harka ba.

Bugu da ƙari, mai karen ba dole ba ne mai gwadawa ba. Sun yi nasara kamar "karanta" mutanen da suka gani a karon farko a rayuwarsu. Wato alakar mai gida da dabbar ba ta da wata alaka da ita ma. 

A cikin hoton: gwaji wanda manufarsa shine sanin ko kare ya fahimci motsin mutum

Mun yi amfani da ba kawai motsin rai ba, amma alamar tsaka tsaki. Alal misali, sun ɗauki cube sun sanya shi a kan kwandon da ake so (haka ma, sun yi alama a cikin akwati duka a gaban ko babu kare). Dabbobin ma ba su ci nasara ba a wannan yanayin. Wato sun nuna sassaucin hassada wajen magance wadannan matsalolin.

Irin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen an yi su akai-akai ta hanyar masana kimiyya daban-daban - kuma duk sun sami sakamako iri ɗaya.

Irin wannan iyawar an riga an gani a cikin yara kawai, amma ba a cikin wasu dabbobi ba. A bayyane yake, wannan shine abin da ke sa karnuka na musamman - abokanmu mafi kyau.