Kholmogory irin shanu: bayanin, madara da yawan nama, labarin kasa na rarraba

Kholmogory nau'in shanu shine mafi tsufa nau'in kiwo na gida. Lokacin da aka janye, an ba da fifiko ga yawan madarar da aka karɓa, da kuma karuwa a cikin kitsensa.

An yi imanin cewa bayyanar nau'in Kholmogory ya samo asali ne a cikin karni na sha bakwai. Majiyoyin wallafe-wallafe sun ambaci gundumar Dvina, wanda ke kan yankin yankin Arkhangelsk na yanzu. A can, a arewacin kasar Rasha, kiwon dabbobi yana tasowa sosai a farkon rabin karni na sha shida.

Arkhangelsk yana daya daga cikin manyan tashar jiragen ruwa na kasuwanci na kasar, wanda kuma ya shiga cikin kasuwancin duniya. Ta wurinsa ne aka yi ciniki na nama, madara, da kuma dabbobi masu rai. Yana da mahimmanci ya taimaka wajen bunkasa kiwon dabbobi a yankin. Ambaliyar kogin Dvina ta Arewa yana da wadatar ciyayi na ruwa, kuma shanu suna kiwo a kansu. A cikin hunturu, shanu sun sami ciyawa da yawa. A lokacin, launin shanun gida ya kasu zuwa kala uku;

• baki;
• fari;
• baki-da-fari.

A farkon karni na sha takwas, an kawo shanu masu launin baki da fari daga Holland. Ya kamata a ketare shi tare da nau'in Kholmogory, amma wannan bai yi tasiri sosai a kan halayen dabbobi ba. Tsakanin sha takwas zuwa ƙarshen ƙarni na sha tara An sake shigo da dabbobi daga Holland zuwa wannan yanki, a cikinsu akwai bijimai sama da hamsin.

Wani ƙoƙari na canza halaye na nau'in an riga an yi shi a cikin karni na ashirin. Daga 1936 zuwa 1937, a wasu gonaki, sun yi ƙoƙarin ketare nau'in shanu na Kholmogory tare da Ostfriz. Manufar hayewa shine don haɓaka samar da madara da inganta waje. Sai dai wannan yunƙurin ya ci tura saboda raguwar kitsen madarar.

A cikin shekaru tamanin, don gyara fasali na musamman. An yi amfani da bijimai na nau'in Holstein, wanda kasarsa ta sake zama Holland. A lokaci guda, an binne nau'ikan intrabreed don yankuna daban-daban na ƙasar:

• Tsakiya - don tsakiyar tsakiyar Rasha;
• Arewa - don yankin Arkhangelsk;
• Pechorsky - na Jamhuriyar Komi.

A farkon 1985, akwai shugabanni sama da miliyan 2,2 a cikin ƙasar. A farkon shekarar 1999, yawan shugabannin Kholmogory ya karu zuwa kusan miliyan 2,4. Sakamakon haka, nau'in Kholmogory ya kai kashi 8,7% na adadin shanun kiwo a kasar. Waɗannan halaye masu ƙididdigewa sun ba da damar nau'in ya ɗauki matsayi na huɗu a tsakanin sauran dangane da adadin dabbobi.

An yi amfani da nau'in shanu na Kholmogory don kiwon Istobenskaya da Tagilskaya.

description

Na waje da matsakaicin ma'auni na shanu

Shanu na Kholmogory irin sun sami launin baki-da-fari. A cikin ƙananan adadi, an adana baƙar fata, fari, da kuma launin ja. Daga cikin sauran nau'o'in a cikin Kholmogorskaya, ana iya lura da ci gaba mai girma. Kundin tsarin mulkin wakilansa yana da karfi sosai. Jikin shanu yawanci elongated, ana iya kiran shi da ɗan kusurwa. Layin baya na dabba, da kuma layi na loin, sun kasance ma. shanu sami kirji mai zurfi da kunkuntar, sami ɗan ƙaramin ƙanƙara, rashin haɓakar dewlap.

A gefe guda kuma, gindin shanu yana da faɗi sosai. Sacrum ya ɗan ɗaukaka. Waɗannan shanun suna da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙashi. Ƙafafun dabbobi yawanci ana saita su daidai, kodayake akwai keɓancewa.

Shanu suna da matsakaicin girman nono, wanda zai iya zama mai siffar kofi ko zagaye. Ƙunƙarar nono suna haɓaka daidai gwargwado, nonuwa suna da silindi.

Shanu suna da tsokar tsoka sosai. Fatar dabba tana da bakin ciki sosai kuma ta na roba.

An sani daga gwaninta cewa isassun manyan shanu, wanda nau'in Kholmogory ya kasance, an bambanta su ta hanyar samuwar madara mai inganci.

Dangane da bayanan kididdiga, matsakaicin ma'aunin shanu na nau'in Kholmogory sune:

• tsawo a bushes - har zuwa 135 cm;
• zurfin kirji - har zuwa 72 cm;
• tsayin jiki mai tsayi - har zuwa 162 cm;
• girar kirji - har zuwa 198 cm;
• iyakar wuyan hannu - har zuwa 20 cm.

Kiwo da yawan nama

Shanu na Kholmogory irin yi alfahari da samar da madara mai yawa a lokacin lactation, wanda shine har zuwa 3500 kg. A lokaci guda, mai abun ciki na madara yana kan matsakaici 3,6 - 3,7%.

Matsakaicin nauyin sa mai girma shine 480 kg. Mafi kyawun wakilan garke na iya yin alfaharin nauyin har zuwa kilogiram 550.

Matsakaicin nauyin bijimin Kholmogory shine kusan kilogiram 900, kuma a wasu lokuta nauyin na iya wuce kilogiram 1200.

Yawan yanka, bisa ga kididdigar, shine 53%, kuma tare da haɓaka ingancin kitse, zai iya kaiwa 65%.

Girman samari kuma an haife shi babba. Nauyin karsa zai iya kaiwa 35 kg, da bijimi - har zuwa 39 kg.

Gabaɗaya balagagge ana ɗaukar gamsuwa. Don haka mutane masu watanni 18 yawanci suna auna nauyin kilo 350.

Irin waɗannan alamun halayen nama suna ba da damar rarraba nau'ikan shanu na Kholmogory ba kawai a matsayin kiwo kawai ba, har ma da kiwo da nama. Tare da kitso da kyau na bijimai, yawan yanka da shekara ɗaya da rabi ya zarce rabin adadin dabbar.

yankunan kiwo

Da yake an haife shi a arewa, nau'in Kholmogory yanzu ya yadu a kusan duk faɗin ƙasar. Kiwon shanu na Kholmogory yana da wakilci sosai a yankuna 24 da jumhuriyar ƙasar. Mafi kyawun garken shanu suna girma a yankin Moscow, Ryazan, Kalinin, Kaluga, Arkhangelsk, Kirov, Vologda, Kamchatka yankuna, a Jamhuriyar Komi, Udmurtia, Yakutia, Tatarstan.

Halaye masu kyau

Daga cikin fa'idodin nau'in Kholmogory sune:

• yawan samar da madara;
• babban daidaitawa ga rayuwa a cikin yanayi mai tsauri;
• mai kyau acclimatization;
• ƙara haƙuri;
• babban juriya ga cututtuka masu haɗari;
• inganci wajen amfani da wuraren kiwo.

disadvantages

Daga cikin gazawar Kholmogory irin na shanu za a iya lura raguwar yawan madara da nama gabaɗaya a yankunan kudancin kasar. A wasu kafofin, kunkuntar kirji da rashin isassun saitin gaɓoɓi ana lura da su a matsayin hasara, amma waɗannan abubuwan suna da jayayya.

Halin da jama'a ke ciki a yanzu

A halin yanzu ana ci gaba da zaɓin. Manyan yankunanta su ne:

• karuwa a yawan yawan madara;
• ƙara yawan kitsen madara;
• inganta jiki.

A halin yanzu, Kholmogory irin na shanu ya mamaye wani muhimmin wuri tsakanin sauran na kowa a cikin kasar Rasha. Darajar nau'in ya ta'allaka ne a cikin yawan yawan madara, ƙara yawan kitsen madara, da kuma kyawawan halayen nama.