Ganyen kunkuru na fata - kwatance tare da hotuna

Kunkuru mai fata, ko ganima, shine nau'in halitta na ƙarshe da ke rayuwa a duniyar ta daga danginta. Ita ce ta hudu mafi girma a duniya, kuma mafi girman kunkuru da aka sani kuma mafi saurin ninkaya.

Jinsunan suna ƙarƙashin kariyar IUCN, wanda aka jera akan shafukan Red Book a matsayin "masu haɗari" a ƙarƙashin nau'in nau'in nau'i mai rauni. A cewar wata kungiya ta kasa da kasa, a cikin kankanin lokaci, yawan jama'a ya ragu da kashi 94%.

Bayyanar da jiki

Babban kunkuru mai fata ya kai matsakaicin mita 1,5 - 2 a tsayi, tare da nauyin kilogiram 600 suna samar da adadi mai yawa. Fatar ganimar duhun inuwar launin toka ne, ko baki, sau da yawa tare da tarwatsa fararen tabo. Na gaba flippers yawanci girma har zuwa 3 - 3,6 m a cikin tazara, suna taimakawa kunkuru don haɓaka sauri. Rear - fiye da rabi tsawon tsayi, ana amfani dashi azaman sitiyari. Babu farata a kan gabobin. A kan babban kai, hanci, ƙananan idanu da gefuna marasa daidaituwa na ramfoteka suna bambanta.

Harsashin kunkuru mai fata ya sha bamban da tsari da sauran nau'ikan. An rabu da kwarangwal na dabba kuma ya ƙunshi ƙananan faranti na kasusuwa da aka haɗa da juna. Mafi girma daga cikinsu suna samar da ginshiƙai 7 masu tsayi a bayan dabbobi masu rarrafe. Ƙasashen, mafi raunin ɓangaren harsashi yana haye ta biyar daga cikin tudu iri ɗaya. Babu ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙaho; maimakon haka, faranti na kasusuwa da aka rufe da fata mai kauri suna cikin tsari na mosaic. Carapace mai siffar zuciya a cikin maza ya fi kunkuntar a baya fiye da na mata.

Bakin kunkuru na fata yana sanye da manyan girma masu girma a waje. Muƙamuƙi na sama yana da babban haƙori ɗaya a kowane gefe. Ƙaƙƙarfan gefuna na ramfoteka sun maye gurbin haƙoran dabba.

A cikin bakin mai rarrafe yana lullube da spikes, wanda ƙarshensa yana karkata zuwa pharynx. Sun kasance a saman gabaɗayan farfajiyar esophagus, daga palate zuwa hanji. Kamar hakora, kunkuru na fata baya amfani da su. Dabbar tana hadiye ganima ba tare da tauna ba. Ƙwayoyin suna hana ganimar tserewa, yayin da a lokaci guda kuma suna sauƙaƙe ci gabanta ta hanyar tsarin abinci.

Habitat

Ana iya samun kunkuru a duk faɗin duniya daga Alaska zuwa New Zealand. Dabbobi masu rarrafe suna rayuwa a cikin ruwan tekun Pasifik, Indiya da Tekun Atlantika. An ga mutane da yawa a tsibirin Kuril, a kudancin Tekun Japan da kuma cikin Tekun Bering. Dabbobi masu rarrafe suna ciyar da yawancin rayuwarsu a cikin ruwa.

An san manyan mutane 3 keɓe:

• Atlantic
• Gabashin Pacific;
• yammacin pasific.

A lokacin kiwo, ana iya kama dabbar a ƙasa da dare. Dabbobi masu rarrafe suna komawa wuraren da suka saba kowace shekara 2-3 don yin kwai.

A kan gabar tsibirin Ceylon, ana iya ganin kunkuru na fata a watan Mayu-Yuni. Daga Mayu zuwa Agusta, dabbar tana fitowa a ƙasa kusa da Tekun Caribbean, bakin tekun tsibirin Malay - daga Mayu zuwa Satumba.

Rayuwar kunkuru mai fata

An haifi kunkuru na fata bai fi girman tafin hannunka ba. Ana iya gane su a tsakanin sauran nau'o'in ta hanyar bayanin babban ganimar. Fil ɗin gaba na sababbin ƙyanƙyashe sun fi duka jiki tsayi. Matasa suna rayuwa a saman saman teku, suna ciyar da abinci galibi akan plankton. Manyan dabbobi na iya nutsewa zuwa zurfin mita 1500.

A cikin shekara, kunkuru yana samun kusan 20 cm tsayi. Mutum ya kai shekaru 20. Matsakaicin tsawon rayuwarsa shine shekaru 50.

Babban kunkuru yana kula da ayyukan dare da rana, amma yana bayyana a bakin teku bayan duhu. Ƙarƙashin ruwa mai ƙarfi da kuzari, tana iya ɗaukar nisa mai ban sha'awa kuma tana ƙwazo a duk rayuwarta.

Yawancin ayyukan ganima an sadaukar da su ga hakar abinci. Kunkuru mai fata yana da ƙarin sha'awa. Tushen abincin shine jellyfish, ganimar su tana sha kan tafi, ba tare da rage saurin gudu ba. Dabbobi masu rarrafe ba su ƙi cin kifi, mollusks, crustaceans, algae da ƙananan cephalopods.

Kunkuru mai balagagge mai launin fata yana da kyan gani, yana son juya shi zuwa abincin dare a cikin yanayin ruwa yana da wuya. Idan ya cancanta, ta kan iya kare kanta sosai. Tsarin jiki ba ya ƙyale mai rarrafe ya ɓoye kansa a ƙarƙashin harsashi. Maƙarƙashiya a cikin ruwa, dabbar ta gudu, ko kuma ta kai hari ga abokan gaba da ɗimbin filaye da muƙamuƙi masu ƙarfi.

Loot yana rayuwa baya ga sauran kunkuru. Haɗuwa ɗaya da namiji ya isa mace ta gudanar da kamanceceniya na shekaru da yawa. Lokacin kiwo yawanci a cikin bazara. Kunkuru suna haduwa a cikin ruwa. Dabbobi ba sa yin nau'i-nau'i kuma ba sa damuwa da makomar 'ya'yansu.

Don yin ƙwai, kunkuru na fata yana zaɓar manyan bankuna kusa da wurare masu zurfi, ba tare da ɗimbin murjani reefs ba. Lokacin da daddare magudanar ruwa, ta kan fita a bakin teku mai yashi kuma ta nemi wuri mai kyau. Dabbobi masu rarrafe sun fi son yashi jika, ba tare da isarsu ba. Don kare ƙwai daga mafarauta, ta haƙa ramuka 100-120 cm zurfi.

Loot yana sanya ƙwai 30 - 130, a cikin nau'i na bukukuwa tare da diamita na 6 cm. Yawanci adadin yana kusa da 80. Kimanin kashi 75% daga cikinsu zasu raba kunkuru masu lafiya a cikin watanni 2. Bayan kwai na ƙarshe ya gangaro cikin gida na wucin gadi, dabbar ta haƙa a cikin rami kuma ta tattara yashin da ke sama a hankali don kare shi daga ƙananan dabbobi.

Kimanin kwanaki 10 ke wucewa tsakanin kama mutum ɗaya. Kunkuru mai fata yana yin ƙwai sau 3-4 a shekara. Bisa kididdigar da aka yi, daga cikin matasa kunkuru guda 10, hudu ne ke zuwa ruwa. Ƙananan dabbobi masu rarrafe ba sa ƙi cin manyan tsuntsaye da mazaunan bakin teku. Muddin matasa ba su da girma mai ban sha'awa, suna da rauni. Wasu daga cikin waɗanda suka tsira sun zama ganima ga mafarauta na teku. Saboda haka, tare da babban fecundity na nau'in, lambobin su ba su da yawa.

Sha'ani mai ban sha'awa

An sani cewa bambance-bambance tsakanin fata da sauran nau'in kunkuru sun samo asali ne a lokacin Triassic na zamanin Mesozoic. Juyin halitta ya aika da su ta hanyoyi daban-daban na ci gaba, kuma ganima shine kawai wakilin wannan reshe. Saboda haka, abubuwan ban sha'awa game da ganima suna da sha'awar bincike sosai.

Kunkuru mai fata ya shiga cikin Guinness Book of Records sau uku a cikin nau'ikan masu zuwa:

• kunkuru teku mafi sauri;
• babban kunkuru;
• mafi kyawun nutsewa.

An samu kunkuru a gabar yammacin Wales. Tsawon dabbar mai rarrafe ya kai mita 2,91 da fadin mita 2,77 kuma tana da nauyin kilogiram 916. A cikin tsibiran Fiji, kunkuru na fata alama ce ta sauri. Har ila yau, dabbobi sun shahara saboda manyan halayen kewayawa.

Tare da girman girman jiki mai ban sha'awa, ƙwayar kunkuru na fata ya ninka sau uku fiye da na sauran nau'ikan nau'in nauyin sa. Zai iya kiyaye zafin jiki sama da yanayi na tsawon lokaci. Ana sauƙaƙe wannan ta hanyar yawan ci na dabba da kuma kitse na subcutaneous. Siffar tana ba da damar kunkuru don tsira a cikin ruwan sanyi, har zuwa 12 ° C.

Kunkuru mai fata yana aiki awanni 24 a rana. A cikin ayyukanta na yau da kullun, hutu yana ɗaukar ƙasa da 1% na jimlar lokacin. Yawancin ayyukan farauta ne. Abincin yau da kullun na dabba mai rarrafe shine kashi 75% na adadin dabbar.

Abubuwan da ke cikin kalori na abincin yau da kullun na ganima na iya wuce ka'idodin da ake buƙata don rayuwa ta sau 7.

Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da raguwar adadin kunkuru shine kasancewar buhunan filastik a cikin ruwan teku. Suna kama da dabbobi masu rarrafe kamar jellyfish. Ba a sarrafa tarkacen da aka ci ta tsarin narkewar abinci. Ƙwayoyin stalactite suna hana kunkuru tofawa jaka, kuma suna taruwa a cikin ciki.

A cewar Cibiyar Bincike ta Ames a Jami'ar Massachusetts, ganima ita ce kunkuru mafi ƙaura. Yana tafiya dubban kilomita tsakanin yankuna masu farauta da kuma shimfidawa. A cewar masana kimiyya, dabbobi za su iya kewaya sararin samaniya ta hanyar amfani da filin maganadisu na duniya.

An san gaskiyar dawowar kunkuru zuwa gaɓar haifuwa bayan shekaru da yawa.

A cikin Fabrairun 1862, masunta sun ga kunkuru na fata a bakin tekun Tenasserim kusa da bakin kogin Ouyu. A kokarin samun wani kofi da ba kasafai ba, mutane sun kai hari kan wata dabba mai rarrafe. Ƙarfin mutum shida bai isa ya ajiye ganimar a wurin ba. Loot ya yi nasarar ja da su har zuwa bakin teku.

Don ceton nau'in daga bacewa, a cikin ƙasashe daban-daban suna samar da wurare masu kariya a cikin yankunan gida na mata. Akwai ƙungiyoyi waɗanda ke cire masonry daga yanayin yanayi kuma suna sanya shi a cikin incubators na wucin gadi. An saki kunkuru masu jarirai a cikin teku a karkashin kulawar gungun mutane.

Bidiyo: kunkuru masu fata da ke cikin hatsari