Leptospirosis a cikin karnuka da kuliyoyi

Menene leptospirosis? Leptospirosis cuta ce mai tsananin kamuwa da cuta ta ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta ke haifarwa daga dangin Leptospira, waɗanda membobin dangin Spirochaetaceae ne. Baya ga kuliyoyi da karnuka, sauran dabbobin gida da na daji kuma na iya yin rashin lafiya: manya da kanana shanu, dawakai, aladu, mafarauta na daji - wolf, foxes, foxes arctic, minks, ferrets; rodents - mice, berayen, squirrels, lagomorphs, da kuma tsuntsaye. Ga mutane, wannan kamuwa da cuta kuma yana da haɗari. Hanyoyin kamuwa da cutar leptospirosis

• Ta hanyar tuntuɓar dabbar da ba ta da lafiya kai tsaye, da ruwanta, madara, jininta, fitsari da sauran ruwayen halittu
• Cin gawa mai cuta ko rodents masu ɗauke da leptospira 
• Ta hanyar tuntuɓar sirran da suka kamu da cutar daga beraye da beraye a cikin birni
• Lokacin cin abinci mai kamuwa da rodents, lokacin ciyar da nama, nama da madara mara lafiya ko dabbobi masu ɗauke da leptospiro da aka dawo dasu.
• Lokacin shan gurbataccen ruwa daga buɗaɗɗen tafki da kududdufai 
• Lokacin wanka karnuka a cikin tafkuna da kududdufai masu kamuwa da cuta
• Lokacin tono a cikin ƙasa mai cike da ruwa da gnawing a kan tushen da sanduna
• Lokacin saduwa da karnuka tare da leptospirosis
• Hanyar intrauterine kamuwa da cuta da kuma ta hanyar madara daga uwa zuwa 'ya'ya
• Ta hanyar kaska da cizon kwari

Kwayoyin cuta suna shiga cikin jiki musamman ta cikin mucous membranes na tsarin narkewa, numfashi da tsarin genitourinary, da kuma lalacewar fata. Lokacin shiryawa (lokacin daga kamuwa da cuta zuwa bayyanar alamun asibiti na farko) matsakaicin daga kwana biyu zuwa ashirin. Leptospira ba su da juriya sosai don kiyayewa a cikin muhalli na waje, amma a cikin ƙasa mai laushi da gawar ruwa za su iya rayuwa har zuwa kwanaki 130, kuma a cikin yanayin daskarewa suna rayuwa tsawon shekaru. A lokaci guda, suna kula da bushewa da yanayin zafi: a cikin ƙasa bushe bayan sa'o'i 2-3 sun rasa ikon haifuwa, a cikin hasken rana kai tsaye sun mutu bayan sa'o'i 2, a zazzabi na +56 sun mutu bayan minti 30. a +70 sun mutu nan da nan. Mai hankali ga yawancin masu kashe ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta (musamman streptomycin). Mafi kyawun yanayi don adana leptospira a wajen jiki shine riguna, tafkuna, fadama, koguna masu gudana a hankali, da ƙasa mai ɗanɗano. Hanyar ruwa ta hanyar kamuwa da cuta ita ce babba kuma ta fi kowa. Cutar ta fi bayyana kanta a lokacin dumi, a lokacin rani da farkon kaka, musamman a yanayi mai danshi, da kuma lokacin zafi, lokacin da dabbobi sukan yi sanyi kuma suna buguwa daga buɗaɗɗen reservoirs da kududdufai. Cats sun fi kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar kamawa da cin rodents (yawanci beraye), hanyar ruwa na kamuwa da cuta a cikin kuliyoyi ba kasafai ba ne saboda ciwon hauka na halitta da kuma zabar ruwan sha.

Alamomi da siffofin cutar

Kowane mai shi ya san cewa lokacin da alamun farko na rashin lafiya suka bayyana a cikin cat ko kare, aƙalla kuna buƙatar kira ku tuntuɓi likitan dabbobi ko ku zo wurin ganawa ta fuska da fuska. Wannan gaskiya ne musamman ga ƙungiyoyi masu haɗari: kuliyoyi masu zaman kansu, gadi, farauta, karnuka makiyayi, musamman idan ba a yi musu allurar rigakafi ba. Babban alamun asibiti na leptospirosis a cikin karnuka sune:

• Yawan zafin jiki
• Lethargy
• Rashi ko raguwar sha'awa, ƙara ƙishirwa
• Bayyanar jaundice (tabo daga haske rawaya zuwa duhu rawaya na mucous membranes na baki, hanci kogon, farji, kazalika da fata na ciki, perineum, ciki surface na kunnuwa).
• Fitsari tare da jini ko launin ruwan kasa, fitsari mai hazo
• Ana samun jini a cikin stool da amai, zubar da jini na farji na iya faruwa
• Hemorrhage a kan mucous membranes da fata
• Ciwo a cikin hanta, koda, hanji, 
• Hyperemic da icteric yankunan suna bayyana a kan mucous membranes na bakin, daga baya - necrotic foci da ulcers.
• dehydration
• Cututtukan jijiyoyi, seizures
• A cikin matakai na ƙarshe na mummunan yanayin cutar - raguwa a cikin zafin jiki, bugun jini, hanta da gazawar koda, dabba ya fada cikin zurfin coma kuma ya mutu. 

Siffar walƙiya. Mafi kyawun nau'in cutar yana da tsawon sa'o'i 2 zuwa 48. Cutar ta fara ne da karuwar zafin jiki ba zato ba tsammani, sannan kuma mai kaifi da rauni. A wasu lokuta, masu mallakar suna lura a cikin rashin lafiyar kare kare, suna juya zuwa tarzoma; Yawan zafin jiki na kare yana ɗaukar awanni na farko na rashin lafiya, sannan kuma ya faɗi zuwa al'ada kuma ƙasa da 38C. Akwai tachycardia, bugun jini. Numfashi marar zurfi, akai-akai. Lokacin da aka bincika ƙwayoyin mucous, launin rawaya yana bayyana, fitsari mai jini. Yawan mace-mace a cikin wannan nau'in cutar ya kai 100%. Siffa mai kaifi. A cikin m nau'i, tsawon lokacin cutar shine kwanaki 1-4, wani lokacin kwanaki 5-10, mace-mace na iya kaiwa 60-80%. Subacute form.

Siffar leptospirosis na subacute yana da alamomi iri ɗaya, amma suna haɓaka sannu a hankali kuma ba a bayyana su ba. Cutar takan kai 10-15, wani lokacin har zuwa kwanaki 20 idan akwai cututtuka masu gauraya ko na biyu. Mutuwar a cikin nau'in subacute shine 30-50%.

Tsarin zamani

A cikin dabbobi da yawa, nau'in subacute ya zama na kullum. A cikin na yau da kullun na leptospirosis, karnuka suna riƙe da sha'awar su, amma rashin ƙarfi, ɗan ƙaramin yellowness na mucous membranes, anemia, zawo na lokaci-lokaci ya bayyana, scabs mai launin rawaya-launin toka yana buɗewa a kan mucous membranes na bakin, buɗe tare da ulcers. Yanayin zafin jiki ya kasance al'ada. A wannan yanayin, kare ya kasance mai ɗaukar leptospirosis na dogon lokaci.

Halin yanayin cutar yana ci gaba da sauƙi. Ana samun karuwa kaɗan da ɗan gajeren lokaci a cikin zafin jiki na jiki (ta 0,5-1 ° C), ƙananan baƙin ciki, anemia mai gani na mucous membranes, ƙananan icterus, gajeren lokaci (daga 12 hours zuwa 3-4 days) hemoglobinuria. Duk alamun da ke sama suna ɓacewa bayan ƴan kwanaki kuma dabbar ta warke.

Ana yin rikodin nau'in icteric musamman a cikin ƴan kwikwiyo da karnuka matasa masu shekaru 1-2. Cutar na iya zama m, subacute da na kullum. Tare da hyperthermia har zuwa 40-41,5 ° C, amai tare da jini, m gastroenteritis, zafi mai tsanani a cikin hanji da hanta. Babban mahimmancin fasalin nau'in cutar icteric shine ƙayyadaddun yanki na leptospira a cikin hanta, wanda ke haifar da mummunan lalacewa ga ƙwayoyin hanta da babban take hakki na ayyukansa masu mahimmanci.

Hemorrhagic (anicteric) nau'in leptospirosis yana faruwa musamman a cikin tsofaffin karnuka. Cutar tana faruwa mafi sau da yawa a cikin wani m ko subacute nau'i, fara ba zato ba tsammani kuma ana halin da gajeriyar hyperthermia har zuwa 40-41,5 ° C, mai tsanani lethargy, anorexia, ƙãra ƙishirwa, hyperemia na mucous membranes na baka da hanci. cavities, conjunctiva. Daga baya (a rana ta 2-3rd) yawan zafin jiki na jiki ya ragu zuwa 37-38 ° C, kuma bayyanar cututtuka na hemorrhagic yana tasowa: zubar da jini na mucous membranes da sauran membranes na jiki (na baka, kogin hanci, gastrointestinal tract).

Ga kuliyoyi, lamarin ya fi rikitarwa. Leptospirosis a cikin kuliyoyi sau da yawa asymptomatic ne. Wannan shi ne ainihin gaskiyar lokacin da cutar ta fara da kuma tsawon kwanaki 10 na kamuwa da cuta. Bayan babban adadin ƙwayoyin cuta (leptospira) ya taru a cikin jiki, cutar ta fara bayyana kanta a asibiti. Babu takamaiman alamun da suka keɓanta ga kuliyoyi masu leptospirosis. Dukkansu suna faruwa a wasu cututtuka da yawa. Rashin gajiya, rashin jin daɗi, bacci, zazzabi, ƙi abinci da ruwa, bushewa, bushewar idanuwa, bayyanar ƙwanƙwasa a jikin mucous membranes, duhun fitsari, amai, gudawa, bayan maƙarƙashiya, tashin hankali, kuma waɗannan alamun na iya zama masu girma dabam dabam. zuwa kusan ganuwa. Yana da mahimmanci don bin diddigin bayyanar wata alama ta musamman, tuntuɓi likitan dabbobi, sannan kuyi gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje kuma tabbatar da ganewar asali. Akwai lokuta na farfadowa na waje kwatsam na cat, lokacin da alamun bayyanar su bace ba zato ba tsammani, kamar dai ba a can ba, cat yana da lafiya. Cat sai ya zama mai ɗaukar leptospiro.

kanikancin

Leptospirosis na iya zama kamar sauran cututtuka. Tunda kamuwa da cuta yana da saurin yaduwa kuma yana da haɗari, gami da ga mutane, ya zama dole a gudanar da bincike. Ainihin, dakunan gwaje-gwaje na dabbobi suna yin aiki tare da dakunan gwaje-gwaje na ɗan adam. Nazarin yana buƙatar jini ko fitsarin dabbar da ake zargi da rashin lafiya. An kafa ainihin ganewar asali bisa ga sakamakon binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje (bacteriological, serological, biochemical). Bambance-bambancen cututtuka: Leptospirosis ya kamata a bambanta da sauran cututtuka. A cikin kuliyoyi daga m nephritis da hepatitis, cututtuka masu yaduwa. Ana iya lura da irin wannan hoton, alal misali, tare da cututtukan peritonitis na kuliyoyi. A cikin karnuka, leptospirosis dole ne a bambanta daga guba, cututtukan hanta, annoba, piroplasmosis, borreliosis, da gazawar koda. Jiyya Magani ga leptospirosis ba shi da sauri. Ana amfani da sera na hyperimmune akan leptospirosis a kashi na 0,5 ml a kowace kilogiram 1 na nauyin jiki, musamman a farkon matakan cutar. Ana yin allura ta hanyar subcutaneously, yawanci sau 1 a rana tsawon kwanaki 2-3. Har ila yau, ana amfani da maganin rigakafi, maganin cututtuka (amfani da hepatoprotectors, antiemetic da diuretic kwayoyi, ruwa-gishiri da gina jiki mafita, detoxification kwayoyi, misali, gemodez).

rigakafin

• Rigakafin karnuka masu tafiya da kansu
• Gujewa hulɗa da dabbobin da suka ɓace, masu ɗaukar leptospiro mai yiwuwa
• Sarrafa yawan rodents a cikin mazaunin dabba
• Maganin wuraren da ake ajiye dabbobi da magungunan kashe kwayoyin cuta
• Jiyya na dabba daga waje parasites
• Amfani da busasshen abinci da kayayyakin nama, ruwa mai tsabta
• Ƙuntatawa / hani da yin iyo da sha daga raƙuman ruwa waɗanda ake tuhuma tare da ruwa maras nauyi
• Alurar rigakafi akan lokaci. Duk manyan nau'ikan alluran rigakafi sun haɗa da wani sashi na rigakafin leptospirosis. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa allurar rigakafi ba ta ba da kariya 100% daga leptospirosis ba. A abun da ke ciki na maganin alurar riga kafi ya hada da mafi na kowa iri na leptospira, kuma a cikin yanayi akwai da yawa fiye da su, da kuma tsawon lokacin rigakafi bayan alurar riga kafi ne kasa da shekara guda, don haka shekara-shekara alurar riga kafi sau biyu shawarar.
• Lokacin aiki tare da dabbobi marasa lafiya, dole ne a kiyaye mutum da tabarau, safar hannu, rufaffiyar tufafi, kuma kada a yi watsi da maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta.