Tsire-tsire, Tsuntsaye da Dabbobi na Hamadar Arctic: Abubuwan Habitat da salon rayuwa

Hamadar Arctic, arewa mafi tsayin dukkan yankuna na halitta, wani yanki ne na yankin Arctic kuma yana cikin latitudes na Arctic, wanda ya tashi daga tsibirin Wrangel zuwa tsibirin Franz Josef Land. Wannan yanki, wanda ya ƙunshi dukkan tsibiran Tekun Arctic, galibi an rufe shi da glaciers da dusar ƙanƙara, da gutsuttsuran duwatsu da tarkace.

Hamadar Arctic: wuri, yanayi da ƙasa

Yanayin arctic yana nufin tsayi mai tsayi, tsananin hunturu da gajeren lokacin sanyi ba tare da lokutan tsaka-tsaki ba kuma tare da yanayin sanyi. A lokacin rani, yawan zafin jiki na iska ya kai 0 ° C, sau da yawa ana ruwan sama da dusar ƙanƙara, sararin sama ya cika da gajimare mai launin toka, kuma samuwar hazo mai kauri ya faru ne saboda ƙaƙƙarfan ƙawancen ruwan teku. Irin wannan yanayi mai tsanani yana samuwa duka biyu dangane da yanayin zafi mai tsanani na manyan latitudes, kuma saboda yanayin zafi daga saman kankara da dusar ƙanƙara. Saboda haka, dabbobin da ke zaune a yankin hamadar Arctic suna da bambance-bambance na asali daga wakilan dabbobin da ke zaune a cikin latitudes na nahiyar - sun fi sauƙi don daidaitawa don rayuwa a cikin irin wannan yanayin yanayi mai tsanani.

Wurin da ba shi da dusar ƙanƙara na Arctic a zahiri lullube a cikin permafrost, sabili da haka, tsarin samar da ƙasa yana a matakin farko na ci gaba kuma ana gudanar da shi a cikin wani nau'i mara kyau, wanda kuma yana nuna tarin manganese da baƙin ƙarfe oxides. A kan gutsuttsuran duwatsu daban-daban, an samar da fina-finai na baƙin ƙarfe-manganese halayen halayen, waɗanda ke ƙayyade launi na ƙasan hamadar iyakacin duniya, yayin da ƙasan solonchak ke tasowa a yankunan bakin teku.

Kusan babu manyan duwatsu da duwatsu a cikin Arctic, amma ana samun ƙananan duwatsu masu lebur, yashi kuma, ba shakka, shahararrun ƙwanƙolin yanayi na sandstone da silicon, musamman, spherulites, ana samun su anan.

Tsire-tsire na hamadar Arctic

Babban bambanci tsakanin Arctic da tundra shi ne cewa a cikin tundra akwai yuwuwar wanzuwa ga nau'ikan halittu masu rai waɗanda za su iya ciyar da kyautarta, kuma a cikin hamadar Arctic ba shi yiwuwa a yi hakan. A saboda wannan dalili ne babu 'yan asalin ƙasar a cikin tsibirin Arctic kuma sosai 'yan wakilan flora da fauna.

Yankin hamadar Arctic ba shi da shrubs da bishiyoyi, akwai kawai keɓewa da juna da ƙananan yankuna tare da lichens da mosses na duwatsu, da kuma algae daban-daban na ƙasa mai dutse. Waɗannan ƙananan tsibiran ciyayi sun yi kama da ƙorafi a tsakanin faɗuwar dusar ƙanƙara da kankara mara iyaka. Kawai wakilan herbaceous ciyayi ne sedge da ciyawa, kuma flowering shuke-shuke ne saxifrage, iyakacin duniya poppy poppy, mai tsayi foxtail, ranunculus, hatsi, bluegrass da Arctic Pike.

Dabbobin daji na Hamadar Arctic

Dabbobin namun dajin na yankin arewa ba su da yawa saboda karancin ciyayi. Kusan kawai wakilan duniyar dabba na hamadar kankara sune tsuntsaye da wasu dabbobi masu shayarwa.

Mafi yawan tsuntsayen su ne:

• tundra partridges;
• hankaka;
• farin mujiya;
• ruwan teku;
• jiragen ruwa;
• zagi;
• ƙarewar matattu;
• masu tsaftacewa;
• burmasters;
• matakai;
• samu

Bugu da ƙari ga mazaunan dindindin na sararin Arctic, tsuntsaye masu ƙaura kuma suna bayyana a nan. Lokacin da rana ta zo a arewa, kuma yanayin zafin iska ya yi girma, tsuntsaye daga Taiga, Tundra da Latitudes na Nahiyar sun isa cikin Arctic, saboda haka, baƙar fata, fararen fata mai launin fata, farar fata, masu launin launin ruwan kasa, masu launin ruwan kasa, ƙwanƙwasa zobe. manyan buzzards da dunlin lokaci-lokaci suna fitowa a bakin tekun Arctic. Tare da farkon lokacin sanyi, nau'in tsuntsayen da ke sama suna komawa zuwa yanayin zafi na karin latitudes na kudanci.

Daga cikin dabbobi, ana iya bambanta wakilai masu zuwa:

• barewa;
• lemmings;
• Farin bears;
• Kurege
• hatimi;
• walƙiya;
• wolf na arctic;
• Arctic foxes;
• shanu na miski;
• fararen fata;
• narwhals.

An dade ana daukar beyar Polar a matsayin babbar alama ta Arctic, tana jagorantar salon rayuwa mai ruwa-ruwa, kodayake mafi yawan bambance-bambancen da yawan mazauna cikin hamada mai tsauri su ne tsuntsayen teku da ke gida a kan gaɓar duwatsu masu sanyi a lokacin rani, ta haka ne suka samar da "sarakunan tsuntsaye".

Daidaita dabbobi zuwa yanayin Arctic

Duk dabbobin da ke sama tilasta daidaitawa zuwa rayuwa a cikin irin wannan mawuyacin yanayi, don haka suna da siffofi na musamman na daidaitawa. Tabbas, babbar matsalar yankin Arctic ita ce yiwuwar kiyaye tsarin zafin jiki. Don tsira a cikin irin wannan yanayi mai tsanani, tare da wannan aikin dole ne dabbobi su yi nasarar shawo kan su. Alal misali, arctic foxes da polar bears suna samun ceto daga sanyi saboda dumi da kauri Jawo, sako-sako da plumage taimaka tsuntsaye, kuma ga hatimi, kitsen Layer yana ceton.

Ƙarin ceto na duniyar dabba daga yanayin yanayi mai tsanani na Arctic shine saboda yanayin launi da aka samu nan da nan ta farkon lokacin hunturu. Duk da haka, ba duk wakilan fauna ba, dangane da kakar, za su iya canza launi da aka ba su ta yanayi, alal misali, polar bears sun kasance masu mallakar gashin dusar ƙanƙara-fari a duk yanayi. Launi na halitta na mafarauta kuma yana da fa'ida - yana ba su damar samun nasarar farauta da ciyar da dukan dangi.

Mazaunan da ke da ban sha'awa a cikin zurfin ƙanƙara na Arctic

1. Mafi ban mamaki mazaunan cikin zurfin kankara - narwhale, wani katon kifi mai nauyin fiye da ton daya da rabi, tsayinsa ya kai mita biyar. Wani abin da ya bambanta wannan halitta ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ƙaho mai tsayi da ke fitowa daga baki, wanda a haƙiƙanin haƙori ne, amma ba ya aiwatar da ayyukansa na asali.
2. Dabbobin dabbobin Arctic na gaba wanda ba a saba gani ba shine beluga (dolfin dolphin), wanda ke zaune a zurfin teku kuma yana cin kifi kawai.
3. Mafi haɗari daga cikin dabbobin da ke karkashin ruwa na arewa shine kisa whale, yana cinye ba kawai ƙananan mazaunan ruwa da bakin teku ba, har ma da beluga whales.
4. Wasu daga cikin shahararrun dabbobin yankin hamadar Arctic sune like, wakiltar keɓaɓɓen yawan jama'a tare da adadi mai yawa na rassa. Siffar sifa ta gama gari ta hatimi ita ce flippers, waɗanda ke maye gurbin gaɓoɓin bayan dabbobi masu shayarwa, waɗanda ke ba da damar dabbobi su kewaya wuraren da dusar ƙanƙara ta lulluɓe ba tare da wahala ba.
5. Walrus, dangi na kusa da hatimi, yana da kaifi mai kaifi, godiya ga wanda yake yanke kankara cikin sauƙi kuma yana fitar da abinci daga zurfin teku da kuma a kan ƙasa. Abin mamaki shine, walrus ba kawai ƙananan dabbobi ba, har ma da hatimi.