Asma a cikin karnuka

Bronchial asthma a cikin karnuka cuta ce mai saurin kumburi na fili na numfashi, wanda, da rashin alheri, yana zama ruwan dare a cikin karnuka kowace shekara. Asthma a cikin karnuka yana bayyana ta yanayin numfashi mai wahala tare da tari da/ko shakewa saboda kunkuntar hanyar iska. Abin takaici, sau da yawa masu mallakar ba su kula da alamun farko na cutar ba kuma su je asibiti tare da dabbar da ta rigaya ta kamu da rashin lafiya. Duk da yake lokacin da aka gano a farkon matakai da kuma rubuta maganin da ya dace, yawancin masu mallakar suna sarrafa don cimma kwanciyar hankali kan cutar dabbobi da kuma kula da rayuwa mai gamsarwa don karnuka abokan aiki, da kuma karnuka masu aiki da sabis - iya aiki.

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu bincika dalilai, bayyanar cututtuka, ganewar asali, jiyya da kuma tsinkaya a cikin karnuka da mashako asma.

Dalilan Asthma

Asthma a cikin karnuka cuta ce ta rashin lafiyan jiki. Akwai dalilai da yawa da za su iya haifar da wannan cuta, amma, abin takaici, da wuya a iya tantance takamaiman dalilin.

A kowane hali, idan an gano lafiyar dabbar ku da ciwon asma, kuna buƙatar kula da abubuwan da ke gaba na kiyaye dabba:

• sinadarai na gida (masu wanke bene, fresheners na iska, nau'ikan aerosols, deodorants);
• foda, wanda ake amfani da su wajen wanke shimfidar da kare yake kwana a kai, da kayan sawa (da kayan kwanciya, idan kare ya kwana tare da kai);
• kura ita ce allergen mai ƙarfi;
• hayaki daga sigari;
• tsire-tsire na gidan furanni;
• sauran gurbacewar iska.

An yi imani da cewa allergies na iya faruwa ga gashin fuka-fuki, tulin kafet, gashi daga wasu nau'in dabba, da dai sauransu. Ba sabon abu ba ne ga ciwon fuka ya tasowa a lokacin gyaran gidaje.

A sakamakon aikin allergen, kumburi da kumburi na iska yana tasowa. Sau da yawa kumburi yana tare da canji a cikin epithelium na ganuwar trachea da bronchi. Ƙara yawan ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta. Sakamakon haka shine maƙarƙashiya ta iska, haɓaka juriya na huhu, da rage fitar da iska, kuma kare yana nuna alamun asibiti na asma. Dalilin harin asma a cikin karnuka shine m gazawar numfashi.

Amma me yasa asma ke tasowa don mayar da martani ga aikin wani allergen kawai a cikin ƙananan karnuka, yayin da sauran dabbobin gida, sauran abubuwa daidai, ba sa fara rashin lafiya? Har yanzu babu amsar wannan tambayar. An yi imani cewa kwayoyin halitta suna da mahimmanci. Shekaru da jinsi ba su ne abubuwan da za su iya kawowa ba. Duk da haka, ƙananan dabbobi sun fi kamuwa da cututtuka na numfashi, suna haifar da bayyanar cututtuka na cututtukan cututtuka na bronchi. Galibi alamomin suna bayyana a cikin karnuka masu matsakaici da shekaru.

Ya kamata a lura cewa abubuwan haɗari don haɓakar wannan cuta sun haɗa da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa, daɗaɗɗen inhalation na irritants, da ƙari mai yawa.

Alamomin Asthma A Cikin Karnuka

Babban alamar cutar asma a cikin karnuka shine tari lokaci-lokaci. Yawan tari yana bushewa, kuma amai bayan tari shima yanayin asma ne. Sauran alamun a cikin karnuka na iya haɗawa da:

• kasala;
• ciwon asma;
• bacci;
• kasancewar hunhu;
• kwadayin yin amai;
• rashin haƙuri ga aikin jiki;
• Wasu dabbobin na iya suma.

Abubuwan da ke sama na asibiti sun kasance saboda rashin jin dadi na iska saboda wani hadaddun dalilai: ƙara yawan ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, ƙwayar mucosal da spasm na tsokoki masu santsi. Har ila yau, dalilin tari na iya zama fushi na masu karɓar numfashi na numfashi saboda kumburi ko spasm. Bugu da ƙari, babban bayyanar cututtuka na asma kanta, cutar, saboda rashin isashshen iskar oxygen zuwa jiki, na iya haifar da rikitarwa a cikin nau'i na rashin ƙarfi na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, wanda za'a iya bayyana shi ta hanyar rashin ƙarfi na numfashi, tachycardia, cyanosis. mucous membranes da matsanancin rashin lafiyar dabbobi.

Wani fasali na musamman na asma a cikin karnuka shine gaskiyar cewa ba za a sami alamun bayyanar ba yayin hutawa. Har ila yau, a cikin wasu dabbobin gida, an lura da yanayin yanayi na cutar.

kanikancin

Asthma a cikin karnuka na iya farawa da farko ta hanyar bayyanar cututtuka: tari na dogon lokaci, yayin da lafiyar dabbobin dabba yawanci yana da kyau, kuma babu karuwa a cikin zafin jiki. Har ila yau, masu shi na iya lura da gajiyar kare, rage yawan motsa jiki, ƙarancin numfashi, numfashi, yanayin suma, harin asma. A farkon cutar, mai kula da hankali na iya kula da takamaiman ƙwanƙwasa bangon ciki a ƙarshen exhalation da numfashi.

Palpation na trachea yawanci yana haifar da tari, wanda ke da alaƙa da haɓakar hankali na trachea.

Don yin daidai ganewar asali da kuma ware concomitant cututtuka (misali, asma iya faruwa tare da mashako na kwayan cuta etiology!) Wajibi ne don gudanar da wani m ganewar asali, ciki har da:

• auscultation;
• x-ray;
• gwaje-gwajen jini (a wannan yanayin, gwajin jini na gabaɗaya ne ke nuni);
• echo da electrocardiography;
• bronchoscopy.

Ana yin ganewar asali na asma ne kawai bayan an cire wasu abubuwan da za su iya haifar da tari - ciwon huhu, kamuwa da cuta na parasitic, neoplasms a cikin rami na kirji, shigar da jikin waje a cikin tsarin numfashi, cututtukan zuciya.

Da farko, a alƙawari, likita zai yi aus mataki ne mai mahimmanci a cikin ganewar asali na cututtuka na huhu da kuma ciwon zuciya na kullum. Bugu da ƙari ga halayen halayen, likita zai yi la'akari da ƙimar zuciya - tare da gazawar zuciya, karuwa a cikin zuciya (tachycardia) zai zama hali, kuma tare da asma, a matsayin mai mulkin, bugun zuciya zai zama al'ada.

On gwajin jini na gaba daya sau da yawa ana gano karuwar adadin eosinophils - a ƙarshe za a rubuta game da dangi ko cikakken eosinophilia. Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura cewa wannan alamar na iya kasancewa a cikin yanayin wasu cututtuka waɗanda ba su da alaƙa da tsarin rashin lafiyan, alal misali, tare da mamayewar helminthic. Saboda haka, a duk lokuta na gano karuwa a cikin eosinophils a cikin jinin dabba, likita zai ba da shawarar maganin antiparasitic. Amma adadin eosinophils na yau da kullun a cikin jini baya ware kasancewar asma!

X-ray jarrabawa na thoracic cavity shine babban kayan aiki a cikin ganewar asali. Dole ne a yi hasashe na X a cikin tsinkaya guda uku don ware kayan tarihi da ɓoyayyun cututtuka - ana ɗaukar dabbar dabbar daga gefen hagu, a dama kuma an yi tsinkaya kai tsaye. A kan x-ray na karnuka masu ciwon asma, likitan na iya lura da ƙarar bayyanar huhu, ƙarar yanayin huhu saboda sauye-sauye masu kumburi a cikin bronchi, da kuma karkatar da caudal na diaphragm a sakamakon fadada huhu saboda toshewa.

Har ila yau, a wasu lokuta, musamman don cire tsarin ƙwayar cuta, ban da radiyo na x-ray, yana iya zama dole don yin. CT - lissafin lissafi - wanda shine ma'auni na zinariya don ban da kasancewar neoplasms.

Don ware cututtukan cututtukan zuciya, wanda zai iya zama duka farkon dalilin tari (ciwon zuciya na yau da kullun) da kuma rikicewar da ke haifar da gazawar numfashi na tsawon lokaci (abin da ake kira cor pulmonale), yana da kyau a yi. electrocardiography (ECG) da echocardiography (ultrasound na zuciya).

Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman matakai na bincike, wanda, rashin alheri, sau da yawa yakan yi watsi da masu shi saboda buƙatar ba da maganin sa barci. maganin maye gurbin jini tare da lavage bronchoalveolar don samun swabs daga trachea da bronchi. Abubuwan da aka samu sun zama dole don gwajin cytological da inoculation microflora tare da ƙaddarar ƙwayar cuta ta ƙwayoyin cuta. Ana aiwatar da cytology don ware tsarin rashin lafiyan (tare da asma, za a sami ƙarin adadin eosinophils) daga cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta da fungal (za a sami ƙarin adadin neutrophils). Abin takaici, ya kamata a tuna cewa ana iya samun adadi mai yawa na eosinophils da / ko neutrophils a gaban tsarin ƙwayar cuta. Hakanan yana da kyawawa don aiwatar da ƙididdige ƙididdiga na ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta don bambance gurɓatawar microflora na al'ada daga kamuwa da cuta ta zahiri, da kuma yin gwajin PCR don kasancewar Mycoplasma (Mycoplasma) da Bordetella (Bordetella bronchiseptica).

Maganin Asthma a Karnuka

Yin maganin asma a cikin karnuka yana buƙatar cikakkiyar hanya. Baya ga nada takamaiman kwayoyi, kuna buƙatar sarrafa tsabtar muhalli, nauyin dabbar dabbar, da kuma kasancewar tasirin sakamako daga maganin da aka tsara.

Yawancin lokaci babu buƙatar magani na asibiti, sai dai lokacin da ake buƙatar maganin oxygen, magungunan jijiya, da sauran hanyoyin da masu mallakar ba za su iya yin su a gida ba.

Idan akwai alamun ƙananan toshewar iska saboda motsa jiki, ya kamata a iyakance. Duk da haka, matsakaicin motsa jiki na iya taimakawa idan ya zama dole don sauƙaƙe hanyar ɓarnawar ƙwayar cuta da kuma rage nauyin jiki a cikin dabbobi masu kiba. Babban ka'idar ita ce cewa nauyin ya kamata a iyakance shi zuwa irin wannan ƙoƙari na jiki ba zai haifar da tari ba.

An ba da shawarar dabbobi masu kiba na musamman na abinci mai ƙarancin kalori, saboda an tabbatar da cewa nauyin da ya wuce kima yana shafar yanayin cutar. Yana da mahimmanci ga masu mallakar su fahimci cewa asarar nauyi wani muhimmin sashi ne na jiyya, yana raunana bayyanar cututtuka, wanda ba koyaushe ya warke ba.

Tushen magani na dogon lokaci shine magungunan hormonal (glucocorticoids). Matsakaicin farko na miyagun ƙwayoyi ne kawai likita zai iya ƙayyade. Yayin da tsananin bayyanar cututtuka ke raguwa, ana rage yawan kashi da adadin allurai a hankali sama da watanni 2-4. A mafi yawancin lokuta, an ba da shawarar mafi ƙarancin ingantaccen kashi don ci gaba da amfani, duk da haka, zaɓin kashi ana aiwatar da shi ta hanyar mutum ɗaya. Abin takaici, ya kamata a tuna cewa yin amfani da magungunan hormonal na dogon lokaci zai iya haifar da ci gaba da matsaloli masu yawa. Dabbobin da aka zayyana na iya haɓaka ciwon sukari mellitus, gazawar zuciya, cututtukan urinary, iatrogenic hyperadenocorticism (Cushing's syndrome). Dangane da haka, marasa lafiya da ke karɓar maganin hormone dole ne su yi gwaje-gwaje na yau da kullun ta likita kuma su yi gwajin jini (na gabaɗaya da biochemistry) don saka idanu kan ci gaban rikice-rikice.

Ana amfani da maganin rigakafi a cikin keɓewar microflora daga fitar da numfashi na numfashi. Hanya na magani shine kwanaki 10-14 daidai da sakamakon al'adun sputum da aka samu a sakamakon bronchoscopy, don ƙayyade ji na microflora. Idan al'adar kamuwa da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta ba za ta yiwu ba, an zaɓi maganin rigakafi mai fa'ida mai fa'ida tare da babban yanayin rayuwa da ƙarancin guba (misali, synulox).

Tare da maganin hormonal da kwayoyin cutar, likita na iya rubuta bronchodilators - wato, kwayoyi da ke taimakawa wajen fadada hanyoyin iska, inganta motsi na diaphragm, da rage matsa lamba a cikin sashin huhu. A matsayinka na mai mulki, an wajabta waɗannan kwayoyi a cikin nau'in inhalation.

A wasu lokuta, a gaban tsayin tsayi, bushe, tari mai lalacewa, an ba da magungunan antitussive.

forecast

Hasashen da aka tabbatar da cutar asma a cikin kare ya dogara ne da tsananin cutar, da tsananin alamun, da jurewar jiyya, da martani ga magunguna, da kasancewar kamuwa da cuta.

Yana da mahimmanci mai shi ya fahimci cewa cutar asma takan ci gaba na tsawon lokaci kuma ba kasafai ake samun cikakkiyar magani ba (kawai idan za a iya gano musabbabin cutar kuma a kawar da su). Yana yiwuwa a rage yawan hare-hare, amma ba za a iya kawar da su gaba daya ba.

Yakamata a tantance karnuka kowane watanni 3-6 don gano alamun tabarbarewar cikin lokaci. Da zarar alamun hunhu ko wasu alamun damuwa na numfashi sun faru, mai shi ya tuntubi likitan dabbobi.

Labarin ba kiran aiki bane!

Don ƙarin cikakken nazarin matsalar, muna ba da shawarar tuntuɓar gwani.

Tambayi likitan dabbobi

16 Satumba 2020

An sabunta: 13 ga Fabrairu, 2021