Leptospirosis a cikin karnuka

Leptospirosis cuta ce ta zoonotic, wanda ke nufin ana iya yada cutar daga dabbobi zuwa mutum. Don haka, rigakafin kamuwa da cutar kare yana shafar lafiyar mu kai tsaye.

Karnuka na kowane nau'i da shekaru suna da sauƙin kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta. Wani muhimmin al'amari na iya zama yanayin dabbobi.

Cutar tana nan a duk nahiyoyi banda Antarctica. Amma ya fi zama ruwan dare a yankunan da ke da yanayi mai dumi da yawan ruwan sama a shekara. Wannan kamuwa da cuta ce mai haɗari wanda ke bayyana kansa a cikin alamomi daban-daban kuma galibi yana mutuwa ga karnuka.

Hanyar cutar

Leptospirosis a cikin dabbobi yana bayyana kansa ta hanyoyi daban-daban: yana iya faruwa a cikin m, subacute, na kullum siffofin. Na ƙarshe yakan juya zuwa jigilar leptospiron asymptomatic. Karnuka na iya yin rashin lafiya daga ƴan watanni zuwa shekaru da yawa. Lokacin latent na yanayin cutar (wato, daga lokacin da ƙwayoyin cuta suka shiga cikin jiki har zuwa bayyanar cututtuka na farko) shine kwanaki 4-14.

Yaya ake yada leptospirosis?

Leptospira ana daukar kwayar cutar kai tsaye (ta hanyar tuntuɓar fata mai lalacewa, ƙwayoyin mucosa marasa lafiya tare da kamuwa da fitsari, madara, feces, maniyyi) ko sau da yawa a kaikaice (ta wurin yanayin waje, kayan gida). Cunkoso na dabbobi na iya ƙara yuwuwar kamuwa da cuta (misali, adana karnuka a cikin gida).

Leptospira na iya rayuwa na tsawon watanni a cikin ƙasa mai laushi da ruwa. Kuma rodents sune masu ɗaukar leptospira na rayuwa. Saboda haka, bayan shan ruwa daga tafki maras nauyi, cin bera, ko saduwa da kare mai cutar, dabbar tana da haɗarin kamuwa da cutar leptospirosis.

Don haka, manyan abubuwan haɗari na kamuwa da cutar leptospirosis sune kamar haka:

• hulɗa kai tsaye da dabbobi masu kamuwa da cuta;
• saduwa da gurɓataccen muhalli (misali, ruwa, ƙasa).

Alamomin Leptospirosis a cikin karnuka

Cutar cututtuka na Leptospiral na iya haifar da nau'i-nau'i na bayyanar cututtuka na asibiti, daga m, bayyanar cututtuka masu iyakancewa zuwa mai tsanani, yanayin barazanar rai.

Har ila yau, alamun asibiti na leptospirosis a cikin karnuka sun bambanta da nau'in yanayin cutar, yanayin rigakafi na dabba, abubuwan muhalli da suka shafi jikin dabba, da kuma "hargitsi" na pathogen.

Mafi yawan alamun farko na leptospirosis na canine sune zazzabi, rawar jiki, da ciwon tsoka. Bugu da ari, rauni, asarar ci, amai, gudawa, saurin numfashi, tari, fitar hanci, jaundice na ganuwa na mucous membranes da fata na iya bayyana. Rikicin coagulation da lalacewar jijiyoyin jini na iya faruwa, wanda aka bayyana ta hanyar hematemesis, stools na jini (melena), epistaxis, da zubar jini na fata. Dabbobi marasa lafiya suna cikin yanayin sume, ba sa amsawa ga abubuwan motsa jiki na waje kuma ba za su iya kiyaye zafin jiki na yau da kullun ba.

Rashin hankali na cutar, ban da bayyanar cututtuka masu yawa, kuma a cikin gaskiyar cewa za ta iya ci gaba gaba daya ba tare da wata alama ba.

Don gano wannan kamuwa da cuta da kuma alaka pathological tafiyar matakai a cikin wani kare, shi wajibi ne a dauki anamnesis, gudanar da wani asibiti jarrabawa, gudanar da hematological da serological gwajin jini (don gano wani karuwa matakin antibodies zuwa leptospira), PCR, urinalysis, da kuma, idan. wajibi ne, yi gwajin duban dan tayi na kogon ciki. , gwajin cutar x-ray.

Hatsari ga mutane

Wannan ya cancanci ambaton kuma har ma fiye da sau ɗaya, saboda kamuwa da cutar leptospiral an gane shi azaman zooanthroponosis na yau da kullun, wanda ya mamaye ɗayan wurare na farko dangane da tsananin yanayin aikin asibiti, yawan mace-mace da sakamako na asibiti na dogon lokaci mutane. 

A cikin ƙasashen da suka ci gaba, yawancin cututtukan leptospirosis a cikin mutane suna faruwa ne ta hanyar abubuwan nishaɗi ta amfani da ruwa. Mutanen da suka yi mu'amala da dabbobin gona su ma suna cikin haɗari. A cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa, tafkunan kamuwa da cuta ga ɗan adam karnuka ne da batattu.

A cikin mutane, alamun cutar suna faruwa bayan lokacin shiryawa (ba tare da bayyanar asibiti ba), wanda zai iya wucewa daga kwanaki 2 zuwa 25, kuma sun bambanta dangane da tsananin. Cutar na iya zama asymptomatic a wasu mutane (subclinic). Wasu na iya kamuwa da cuta mai kama da mura. Mafi tsanani bayyanar cututtuka na leptospirosis ne hanta, koda gazawar, da kuma a wasu lokuta, lalacewa ga dukan gabobin tsarin, ciki har da na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, numfashi da kuma genitourinary tsarin (yawan gabobin jiki gazawar).

Jiyya ga leptospirosis a cikin karnuka

Maganin leptospirosis na canine ya dogara da girman kamuwa da cuta. Dabbobin da aka tabbatar da ganewar asali, da kuma dabbobin da ke da hoto na asibiti da tarihin, amma ba tare da tabbatar da ganewar asali ba a yanzu, ya kamata su sami haɗin maganin rigakafi da kuma kula da magani.

Tushen magani shine maganin rigakafi. Magungunan rigakafi da aka ba da shawarar ga karnuka masu leptospirosis sune abubuwan da ake samu na penicillin ko doxycycline. Hanyar gudanarwa ta baki ne (da abinci ko a baki da karfi). Idan dabba yana da amai, asarar ci, anorexia, to wajibi ne a yi amfani da maganin rigakafi parenterally (a cikin jini, subcutaneously, intramuscularly).

Har ila yau, ana ba da kulawar da ya dace a cikin magani don kulawa da kulawa muddin yanayin mai haƙuri ya buƙaci shi (rashin ruwa, hypoglycemia, rashin daidaituwa na electrolyte, da dai sauransu). Dabbobin da ke da leptospirosis na iya buƙatar matakan kulawa daban-daban, dangane da tsananin cutar da tsarin gaɓoɓin da abin ya shafa. Shawarwari sun haɗa da rehydration tare da maganin ruwa na ciki (droppers), gyaran gyare-gyare na electrolyte da rikice-rikice na acid-base, da alamun bayyanar cututtuka (antiemetics, magungunan zafi, tallafin abinci mai gina jiki).

Idan kare bai ci da kansa ba fiye da kwanaki uku, ya kamata a sanya bututun ciyarwa. Yana ba da izinin isar da abinci kai tsaye zuwa cikin ciki, ta ƙetare kogon baka kuma ba tare da haifar da ƙin abinci a cikin kare ba, yayin da yake guje wa rashin son cin abinci mara lafiya.

A cikin yanayi mai tsanani, ana iya buƙatar ƙarin jini, hemodialysis, iskar huhu ta wucin gadi (ALV).

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Lokacin kamuwa da leptospirosis, ana iya samun cikakkiyar magani. Amma, idan cutar ta ci gaba da rikitarwa (alal misali, rashin aikin koda), farfadowa na iya ci gaba har tsawon watanni da yawa bayan an fara daidaita yanayin dabbar. Ana iya yin komai ba tare da asibiti ba, idan yanayin mai haƙuri ya ba da izini, amma akwai lokuta da ke buƙatar kulawa ta yau da kullum ta likitan dabbobi, sa'an nan kuma an sanya kare a asibitin cututtuka masu cututtuka. Sannan bayan fitar irin wannan dabbar ana yi mata gwaje-gwaje akai-akai, da farko duk sati 1-3, sannan sau daya a kowane watanni 1-6.

Matsaloli bayan rashin lafiya

Babban rikice-rikice bayan leptospirosis an bayyana a sama kuma shine ci gaban gazawar koda na yau da kullun da lalacewar tsarin hanta (encephalopathy, ascites, da sauransu na iya faruwa) a wasu karnuka. Waɗannan sharuɗɗan sun daina warkewa gaba ɗaya kuma suna buƙatar kulawa lokaci-lokaci tare da ziyartar likitan dabbobi.

Matakan hanyoyin kariya

Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da kamuwa da cuta a cikin karnuka shine hulɗa da dabbobi marasa lafiya da kuma ɓoye na halitta. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci don ware karnuka masu kamuwa da cuta da bin ka'idodin tsabta, amfani da maganin antiseptics lokacin aiki tare da su, don kada a watsa kwayar cutar zuwa wasu dabbobi.

Alurar riga kafi yana da mahimmanci don hana cututtuka a cikin karnuka. Baya ga shi, ana ba da shawarar matakan kariya masu zuwa:

• lalata wuraren gida, wuraren waje, kayan gida waɗanda karnuka masu cutar suka yi amfani da su;
• haramun ne a shigo da karnuka marasa lafiya da wadanda aka dawo dasu zuwa gidajen kwana;
• kar a ciyar da karnuka waɗanda ba a tantance su ta hanyar kayan yankan likitan dabbobi ba;
• kada ku ƙyale dabbobin da ba a yi musu allurar rigakafin cutar leptospirosis su shiga cikin nune-nunen da abubuwan da suka faru ba;
• kada ku yi tafiya da karnuka a kan titi waɗanda ba a yi musu allurar rigakafin cutar leptospirosis da sauran cututtuka akan lokaci ba;
• kar a bar karnuka su yi wanka a cikin rukunan ruwa, ciki har da wadanda ke cikin birnin;
• ana ba da shawarar yin aure ne kawai idan an yi wa mutane biyu allurar rigakafin cutar leptospirosis da sauran cututtukan cututtuka a cikin ƙayyadaddun lokaci;
• tabbatar da tsarin kawar da rodents a cikin wuraren zama da kuma a cikin yanki;
• Karnuka su yi bayan gida daga ruwa a tsaye, inda sauran dabbobi da mutane, musamman yara, ba za su samu damar shiga ba;
• kare mara lafiya ya kamata a ware duka daga sauran dabbobi da kuma mutanen da ba su sani ba;
• a lokacin da ake aiki da dabbobi masu cutar, a yi amfani da shararsu (fitsari, najasa) da gurɓatattun kayan gida (kwano, tire, da sauransu), safar hannu na latex, abin rufe fuska da tabarau (lokacin wanke gurɓatattun wuraren da hoses).

Hanya mafi kyau don karewa daga leptospirosis shine alurar riga kafi! Cutar ta fi sauƙi don rigakafin fiye da magani.

Canine leptospirosis allurar rigakafi

Ana iya kare leptospirosis ta hanyar rigakafi. Dabbobin lafiya na asibiti daga makonni 8 suna ƙarƙashinsa. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa maganin alurar riga kafi zai kare kare ne kawai daga wasu nau'ikan abubuwan da ke haifar da leptospirosis, waɗanda aka fi sani da su. Kuma idan kare ya hadu da wani nau'in da ba a yi masa allurar rigakafi ba, to cutar na iya tasowa. Bayan alurar riga kafi, kariya yana faruwa bayan kwanaki 14 har zuwa watanni 12.

Alurar riga kafi ya fi tasiri lokacin da aka bi tsarin farko da dawo da maganin, bisa ga shawarwarin da aka yarda da su. Dole ne a yi maganin alurar riga kafi kowace shekara.

Karnukan da ba a yi musu allurar cutar leptospirosis sama da watanni 18 ba, ya kamata su sami allurai 2 na alluran rigakafin makonni 3-4, kamar dai an yi musu rigakafin a karon farko a rayuwarsu.

Karnuka da ke cikin haɗari mai girma a cikin yanayi tare da sanyi sanyi ya kamata a yi alurar riga kafi a cikin bazara.

Har zuwa yau, akwai nau'ikan alluran rigakafi da yawa akan leptospirosis, waɗanda suka bambanta da juna a cikin adadi mai yawa na serovars (strains) na leptospira:

1. 2-serovar rigakafi (Nobivac Lepto, Netherlands na asali), Eurican (Faransa na asali), Vangard (Belgium na asali);

2. Alurar riga kafi tare da serovars 3 (Eurican Multi, ƙasar masana'antu Faransa), Multican (ƙasar masana'anta Rasha);

3. Alurar rigakafi tare da serovars 4 (Nobivac L4, Netherlands).

Amfanin allurar riga-kafi ya zarce yiwuwar cutar da dabbar, kuma munanan halayen ba safai ba ne. Kowane masana'anta yana ba da garantin amincin samfuran su ta hanyar bincike da yawa.

A kowane hali, bayan an ba da maganin alurar riga kafi, za ku iya zama a cikin asibitin dabbobi na tsawon minti 20-30 don lura da yanayin jikin dabba ga magungunan da aka yi.

Labarin ba kiran aiki bane!

Don ƙarin cikakken nazarin matsalar, muna ba da shawarar tuntuɓar gwani.

Tambayi likitan dabbobi

17 Satumba 2020

An sabunta: 13 ga Fabrairu, 2021