Dabbobin da ke cikin haɗari da Littattafan Red na Tsakiya da Kudancin Urals

Wanda ba zai taba shiga irin wannan littafi ba shine yawan jami'ai. Kuma ba shi yiwuwa a sami wasu dabbobi a cikin Red Book na Urals saboda mafi unpretentious dalilin: shi kawai ba ya wanzu a cikin wannan tsari. Shari'ar, musamman, ta dogara ne akan yankin yanki. Kowane yanki yana da nasa littafin jajayen, kuma wani yanki na yankin na iya zama a cikin Urals, ɗayan kuma yana wajensa. A ka'ida, yana yiwuwa a ƙirƙira jerin jerin nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i) na iya haifar da dukan Urals, amma ba zai ƙara kadan ba a cikin rajistar yanki, kuma don taimako mai amfani, wanda zai iya komawa ga ƙa'idodin gida da albarkatu.

Ga Tsakiya da Kudancin Urals, irin waɗannan littattafai sun wanzu, amma a zamaninmu, a cikin irin waɗannan al'amura, galibi suna jagorantar su ta lissafin gida. Dabbobin da ake samu a Arewacin ko Polar Urals suna buƙatar kumaskat a cikin littattafan yanki, alal misali, a cikin Red Book of the Yamalo-Nenets Okrug mai cin gashin kansa. Ya ambaci, musamman, ƙungiyoyi uku na reindeer, ɗaya daga cikinsu: yawan jama'ar polar-Ural (har zuwa dabbobi 150) za a iya rubuta su a cikin Red Book of the Urals.

Idan barewar ba ta hana bututun iskar gas da sauran hanyoyin sadarwa ba, to za su iya yin hijira sama da kilomita 1000, wato a bisa ka'ida, za su iya yin hijira daga wannan yanki na Red Book zuwa wancan. A cikin Okrug mai cin gashin kansa na Yamalo-Nenets, an samar da Polar Urals Reserve, inda aka haramta harbin dabbobi kuma an takaita samun damar barewa. Duk da haka, ana auna adadin taxon (ƙungiyar) bisa ga wasu bayanai ta hanyar mutane da yawa, bisa ga wasu, ƙarin kyakkyawan fata, har zuwa samfuran 150.

Dangane da rabe-raben kasa da kasa, a cikin duk Jajayen Littattafai, matakin haɗarin bacewar nau'ikan dabbobi an kasasu zuwa kashi 6:

• 0 - bacewar yawan jama'a. Wannan kungiya mafi bakin ciki ta kunshi kashin bayanta, wadanda ba a tabbatar da wanzuwarsu ba tsawon shekaru 50 da suka gabata.
• 1 yana cikin hatsari. Yawan jama'a ya kai matsayi mai mahimmanci.
• 2, 3, 4 - tsakanin 1 da 5.
• 5 - dawo da yawan jama'a. Adadin dabbobi yana gabatowa jihar da ba a buƙatar matakan gaggawa don maidowa.

A cikin ma'anar muhalli, Urals na tsakiya da na Kudancin sun bambanta daga duka kewayo, nesa ba kusa ba don mafi kyau.

Littafin Red na Tsakiyar Urals

Wannan ya kamata ya haɗa da nau'in yanayin Ural mai haɗari A yankin Bashkortostan, Perm Territory, Sverdlovsk da Chelyabinsk yankunan. Mafarauta da masu gudanar da kasuwanci iri ɗaya suna sabunta shafukan wannan littafi akai-akai. Kafin gano da'irar wadanda abin ya shafa, ya kamata a kula da bayanan waje wanda ke tare da ayyukan ɗan adam.

Bisa ga takardun hukuma, ingancin ruwa a cikin tafkunan ruwa da yawa a yankin Sverdlovsk ya bambanta daga datti zuwa datti sosai ko ma datti sosai. Jimillar hayakin da ke gurbata yanayi ya fi tan miliyan 1,2 a kowace shekara. Adadin ruwan datti, wanda kashi 68% ya gurbata, ya kai kusan mita biliyan 1,3. mita a kowace shekara, wato kusan kilomita kubik na ruwa mai datti ne ake zubar da shi ta yankin Sverdlovsk kadai. Sauran yankunan ba su da kyau.

Manyan koguna shida na yankin an sanya su a matsayin mafi gurbataccen ruwa a Rasha. Idan babu wuraren zubar da shara don kawar da datti mai guba, a yankunan masana'antu na masana'antu akwai ma'ajiyar sludge da tafkunan da suka tara kimanin mita 900 na ruwa mai guba.

Kimanin kashi 20% na dazuzzukan da ke kewaye da cibiyoyin masana'antu an hana su wani ɓangare na allura ko ganye saboda hayaki mai cutarwa. Wasu birane da ma daukacin gundumomi na yankin Sverdlovsk sun yi fice har ma da irin wannan kididdigar da ke tada hankali. Dangantakar tattalin arzikin da ake ciki ba ta ba da wani dalili na fata ba: ya fi riba ga kamfanoni don biyan wasu kudade na hukunci fiye da canza fasahar samarwa da ware kudade don sake ginawa.

Waɗannan ba zato ba ne, amma kusan fa'idodi ne na zahiri daga dokokin gwamnatin yankin Sverdlovsk. Diyya ga lalacewada aka yi wa yanayi ya rage shelar wofi. Hatta kogunan da ke da kyawawan bankunan Usva da Chusovaya, waɗanda ke gudana ta wuraren da aka karewa, suna gurɓatar da gurɓatacciyar masana'antu. Kuma idan muka yi la'akari da rikitarwa hanyoyin da za a samu kudi kudi da kuma riga kusan undisguised m sata da kuma cin hanci da rashawa, da Red Book na Urals za a iya kawai a lura da yanayin tarihin mutum mara lafiya.

Duk da babban arzikin Urals a cikin albarkatun kasa, har yanzu akwai wurare da yawa waɗanda ba su da sha'awar masana'antu, sabili da haka ana kiyaye su da kyau kuma suna zaune ba kawai ga mutane ba, har ma da namun daji. Ga waɗanda ba su da sa'a sosai, Jajayen Littafin yana buɗewa.

Muskrat

Wannan dabba ce ga wane babu sa'a tare da wuri, kuma ya fada cikin rukuni na farko na Red Book of Middle Urals, mafi daidai, Perm Territory da Chelyabinsk yankin. (Babban wuraren zama na desman su ne tafkunan ambaliya, kuma suna a yamma da gabas na Ural Range). Ruwan da ba shi da zurfi da ke bushewa a lokacin rani da daskare a lokacin sanyi ba su dace da shi ba. Muskrat zai iya rayuwa ne kawai a cikin burrows tare da samun dama a ƙasa da matakin ruwa, kuma don wannan dole ne a bayyana bankunan ruwa.

Kwadayin dan Adam ya kasance babban hatsari ga wannan karamar dabba. Lokacin da adadin muskrat yana da girma, an lalatar da shi da yawa saboda kyawawan Jawo mai daraja. Kuma kiwo na muskrat tare da manufa iri ɗaya ta haifar da ƙaura daga wuraren zama na yau da kullun. Wani mummunan tasiri a kan adadin yawan jama'a yana haifar da ayyukan tattalin arzikin ɗan adam: shan ruwa don ban ruwa, magudanar ruwa, gurɓataccen ruwa.

bushiya

Lissafin bushiya na gama-gari a cikin littafin jajayen bayanai na yankin Sverdlovsk iya mamakin kowa, amma ba mazauna Yekaterinburg ko Nizhny Tagil ba, waɗanda suka fuskanci duk abubuwan jin daɗin yanayin muhalli na gida a cikin fata. Idan yawancin nau'in kwari ba za su iya jurewa ba, to, sarkar abinci ta kai har ma da bushiya. Yanke da noman ciyayi na kara ta'azzara lamarin. Eared hedgehog an jera shi a cikin Red Book of Bashkortostan.

Turai Mink

A cikin littafin ja na yankin Chelyabinsk, wannan dabba ta fada cikin rukuni na 1, a Bashkortostan, cikin rukuni na 2, kuma a cikin Red Book of the Perm Territory, ba ya nan gaba daya, kamar yadda yake cikin jerin albarkatun farauta. Don haka ga mink na Turai, nau'in Amurkawa sun fi mutane haɗari.

Sauran dabbobi

Idan muka yi watsi da ra'ayin yau da kullun na dabbobi, wanda ke nufin kawai dabbobi masu shayarwa, kuma mu tuna da abin da masana ilimin halitta ke nufi da wannan, to, tarin kwari, tsuntsaye da duk wani abu mai rai in ban da tsire-tsire za su ɗauki shafuka da yawa kawai daga jerin su.

Daga dabbobi masu shayarwa za a iya bambanta jemagu:

• mustachioed jemage
• ruwa bat
• bat na Nathusius
• dwarf bat
• kandami dare
• jaket fata na arewa
• marigayi fata
• Natterera dare

Membobin odar rodent:

• squirrel mai tashi - na iya yin jigilar jirage har zuwa mita 50
• babban jerboa
• daji lemming
• launin toka hamster
• lambu dormouse
• Eversman's hamster
• Djungarian hamster

Red Littafin Kudancin Urals

Ya hada da yankunan Bashkortostan, Chelyabinsk da Orenburg da ke cikin haɗari. JSC "Orsknefteorgsintez" da "Gaisky GOK" suna ba da babbar gudummawa ga yanayin muhalli a yankin Orenburg. Idan aka yi la'akari da halin dabbanci ga yanayi, sunan "Mednogorsk jan karfe da sulfur shuka" ya isa ya sa masanan ilimin halitta su firgita idan ba a riga an yi amfani da su zuwa babban sakamako ba. A cikin yankin Orenburg, maɓuɓɓugar ruwa mai tsabta suna da kashi 5% kawai, yayin da ake samun ruwa mai datti sosai a cikin 16% na albarkatun ruwa.

Kimanin rabin ƙasar ana noma ne, wanda ke haifar da zaizayar ƙasa, fari da rage yawan haihuwa. A lokaci guda kuma, kusan kashi 25% na ruwan kogin Ural ana ɗauka tare da miliyoyin cubic mita. magudanun ruwa na yankin Chelyabinsk da nasu. Masanan halittu, waɗanda kusan ba su da wani tasiri, suna iya yin rikodin canje-canje a cikin Jajayen Littafin.

Tufafin Kudancin Rasha

Wannan dabba daga iyali marten yana zaune a cikin busasshiyar ciyayi da ƙetaren hamada. Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa a cikin wuraren da aka noma ya fada cikin rukuni na 1. Kamar ƙwanƙwasa, wannan dabba yafi farauta da dare: rodents, tsuntsaye da ƙananan kasusuwa. Dabba mai sauri da sauri tana guje wa kusanci da mutane da yanayin shimfidar wurare.

Duk da cewa suturar kama-karya da aka hange ba ta da wata fa'ida ga mafarauta, wannan dabbar tana zama da wuya kuma ba ta da yawa a yanayi.

Saiga - Saiga Tatari

Ƙarshen dangin tururuwa, saiga(k), suna cikin haɗari sosai har ma da ƙa'idodin ƙasashen duniya. A cikin Red Book na yankin Orenburg, wannan dabba kuma tana cikin rukuni na 1. Mutane da yawa sun gane wannan tururuwa mai humpback. An bayyana wannan nau'i ta hanyar juyin halitta na sautunan soyayya a lokacin rut - mafi iko maza suna yin sauti (ta hanyar hanci) na ƙananan mita, zaɓi na farko yana tafiya a cikin wannan hanya kuma.

A cikin Orenburg yankin akwai jihar Reserve "Orenburgsky", wanda ya ƙunshi 4 ware yankunan, mafi girma daga cikin abin da "Ashchisaiskaya steppe" yana da wani yanki na 7200 hectares. A cikin hectare, adadi ya dubi, watakila, har ma da ban sha'awa, amma dangane da kariyar saigas, yana jin kamar abin ba'a: garken da aka firgita na waɗannan tururuwa za su ketare wani yanki mai kimanin kilomita 8 da 9 a cikin ƙasa da minti 10. Don haka kalmar nan: ana samun kananan garken saigas a kudu maso gabashin yankin Orenburg, ya kamata a fahimta a cikin wannan mahallin - suna iya yawo kwatsam.

steppe cat

Ga mafi yawan kasala kuma mafi yawan kullun na kuliyoyi, ƙananan wuraren ajiyar ba su da babban hasara. Wataƙila wannan shine dalilin da ya sa wannan kyakkyawar dabba ta kasance a cikin Red Book na yankin Orenburg. ba mai haɗari sosai category 3. Babban ganimarsa shine rodents da tsuntsaye. A lokacin hunturu, lokacin da gerbils ba su zo saman ba, kuliyoyi masu yunwa suna iya yawo zuwa mazaunin mutane su hau cikin gidan kaji.

A ƙarshe, zamu iya cewa dabi'ar dabi'ar dabi'a ta dabi'a ba kawai ga yankin Ural ba. Kewayen Norilsk da yanayin yankin Kola da ke kewayen masana'antu suna barin ra'ayi mai ban tsoro. Muddin dala da Yuro sun kasance dabbobi masu tsarki, za a sami wuri mai aminci ga nau'in namun daji na 0 kawai a cikin Jajayen Littafin.