Tushen samar da alade a yau

Karena Farrer ne ya rubuta 

Ina yawo a sararin Intanet wata rana mai kyau na watan Satumba, na kasa gaskanta idanuwana sa'ad da na ci karo da wani littafi game da aladun Guinea, wanda aka buga a shekara ta 1886, wanda aka shirya don gwanjo. Sai na yi tunani: "Wannan ba zai iya zama ba, tabbas kuskure ya shiga nan, kuma a zahiri yana nufin 1986." Babu kuskure! Littafi ne mai hazaka da S. Cumberland ya rubuta, wanda aka buga a shekara ta 1886 kuma yana ɗauke da take: “Aladen Guinea – Dabbobin abinci don abinci, Jawo da nishaɗi.”

Kwanaki biyar bayan haka, na sami sanarwar taya murna cewa ni ne mafi girma a kasuwa, kuma jim kadan bayan haka littafin yana hannuna, an nannade shi da kyau kuma an ɗaure shi da ribbon…

Da na zagaya shafukan, na gano cewa marubucin ya ƙunshi duk wani nau'i na ciyarwa, kiyayewa da kiwo a cikin gida daga mahangar kiwon alade a yau! Dukan littafin labari ne mai ban mamaki na aladu waɗanda suka tsira har yau. Ba shi yiwuwa a kwatanta dukkan surori na wannan littafi ba tare da yin amfani da buga littafi na biyu ba, don haka sai na yanke shawarar mayar da hankali ga "kiwon alade" kawai a 1886. 

Marubucin ya rubuta cewa ana iya haɗa aladu zuwa rukuni uku:

• "Tsoffin nau'in alade masu santsi-masu gashi, wanda Gesner (Gesner) ya bayyana
  
• "Ingilishi mai gashi, ko abin da ake kira Abyssinian"
  
• "Faransanci mai gashin waya, wanda ake kira Peruvian"
  

Daga cikin aladu masu santsi, Cumberland ya bambanta launuka shida daban-daban da suka wanzu a kasar a lokacin, amma duk launuka sun kasance. Selfies kawai (launi ɗaya) fari ne masu jajayen idanu. Bayanin da marubucin ya bayar game da wannan al'amari shine cewa mutanen Peruvians (mutane, ba aladu ba !!!) dole ne sun dade suna kiwon fararen aladu masu tsabta. Har ila yau, marubucin ya yi imanin cewa idan masu shayarwa na aladu sun fi dacewa da zaɓi na hankali, zai yiwu a sami wasu launuka na Kai. Tabbas, wannan zai ɗauki ɗan lokaci, amma Cumberland yana da tabbacin cewa ana iya samun Selfies a cikin kowane launuka masu yuwuwa da inuwa: 

"Ina tsammanin al'amari ne na lokaci da aikin zaɓi, mai tsawo da jin daɗi, amma ba mu da shakka cewa ana iya samun Kai a kowane launi da ke bayyana a cikin gilts na tricolor." 

Marubucin ya ci gaba da yin hasashen cewa mai yiwuwa Selfies zai zama samfurin farko na aladun porosity a tsakanin masu son, ko da yake wannan yana buƙatar ƙarfin hali da haƙuri, tunda Selfs yana bayyana da wuya” (ban da fararen aladu). Alamun suna nunawa a cikin zuriya kuma. Cumberland ya ambaci cewa a cikin shekaru biyar da ya yi na bincike kan kiwon alade, bai taba saduwa da wani baƙar fata da gaske ba, kodayake ya ci karo da aladu iri ɗaya.

Marubucin ya kuma ba da shawarar gilts na kiwo bisa ga alamomin su, misali, hada baki, ja, fawn (beige) da fararen launuka waɗanda za su haifar da launi na kunkuru. Wani zaɓi shine don haifar da gilts tare da baƙar fata, ja ko farar fata. Har ma ya ba da shawarar kiwon aladu tare da bel na launi ɗaya ko wani.

Na yi imani cewa Cumberland ne ya yi bayanin farko na Himalayas. Ya ambaci wani farin alade mai santsi mai santsi mai jajayen idanu da kunnuwa baki ko launin ruwan kasa:

“Bayan ƴan shekaru, wani nau’in alade mai farin gashi, jajayen idanu da kunnuwa baki ko launin ruwan kasa sun bayyana a cikin lambun dabbobi. Wadannan gilts daga baya sun bace, amma kamar yadda ya bayyana, alamun kunnuwa baki da launin ruwan kasa abin takaici suna nunawa lokaci-lokaci a cikin fararen gilts. " 

Tabbas, zan iya yin kuskure, amma watakila wannan bayanin shine kwatancin Himalayas? 

Ya zama cewa aladu Abyssinian sune farkon shahararrun nau'in a Ingila. Marubucin ya rubuta cewa aladun Abyssiniya yawanci sun fi girma da nauyi fiye da masu santsi. Suna da faffadan kafadu da manyan kawuna. Kunnuwa suna da tsayi sosai. An kwatanta su da aladu masu santsi, waɗanda yawanci suna da manyan idanu tare da magana mai laushi, wanda ke ba da kyan gani. Cumberland ya lura cewa Abyssinians ƙaƙƙarfan mayaka ne kuma masu cin zarafi, kuma suna da halaye masu zaman kansu. Ya ci karo da launuka goma daban-daban da inuwa a cikin wannan nau'in ban mamaki. A ƙasa akwai tebur wanda Cumberland da kansa ya zana yana nuna launukan da aka yarda su yi aiki: 

Alade masu laushin gashi na Abyssinian aladun Peruvian

Baki mai sheki  

Fawn Smoky Black ko

Blue Hayaki Baƙar fata

Farin Farin Farin Ciki

Farin Farin Ja-launin ruwan kasa

Hasken launin toka Haske ja-launin ruwan kasa Haske ja-launin ruwan kasa

  Dark ja-launin ruwan kasa  

Duhun ruwan kasa ko

Agoti Dark brown ko

Aguti  

  Baki mai launin ruwan kasa  

  Dark launin toka Dark launin toka

  Haske mai launin toka  

kala shida kala goma kala biyar

Gashin aladun Abyssiniya kada ya wuce inci 1.5 a tsayi. Gashi mai tsayi fiye da inci 1.5 na iya ba da shawarar cewa wannan giciye giciye ne tare da ɗan Peruvian.

An kwatanta gilts na Peruvian a matsayin dogon jiki, nauyi mai nauyi, tare da tsayi, gashi mai laushi, tsayin kusan inci 5.5.

Cumberland ya rubuta cewa shi da kansa ya haifar da aladu na Peruvian, wanda gashinsa ya kai 8 inci a tsayi, amma irin waɗannan lokuta ba su da yawa. Tsawon gashi, bisa ga marubucin, yana buƙatar ƙarin aiki.

Alade na Peruvian sun samo asali ne a Faransa, inda aka san su a ƙarƙashin sunan "angora alade" (Cochon d`Angora). Cumberland ya kuma bayyana su da cewa suna da ɗan ƙaramin kwanyar idan aka kwatanta da jikinsu, kuma sun fi kamuwa da cututtuka fiye da sauran nau'in aladu.

Bugu da ƙari, marubucin ya yi imanin cewa aladu sun dace sosai don ajiyewa a gida da kuma kiwo, wato, don matsayi na "dabbobin sha'awa". Za a iya samun sakamakon aikin da sauri, idan aka kwatanta da sauran dabbobi, kamar dawakai, inda shekaru masu yawa dole ne su wuce don fitowar da ƙarfafa nau'o'in nau'i daban-daban:

“Babu wata halitta da ta fi niyya don sha’awa kamar aladu. Gudun da sabbin tsararraki ke bullowa yana ba da damammaki masu ban sha'awa don kiwo."

Matsalar masu kiwon alade a 1886 ita ce ba su san abin da za su yi da aladun da ba su dace da kiwo ba ("weeds," kamar yadda Cumberland ya kira su). Ya yi rubutu game da wahalar siyar da gilts marasa yarda:

"Wani irin wahala da ta hana noman alade zama abin sha'awa shine rashin iya siyar da "ciyawar ciyawa", ko kuma a wata ma'ana, dabbobin da ba su biya bukatun mai kiwon ba.

Marubucin ya kammala cewa maganin wannan matsala shine amfani da irin waɗannan aladu don shirye-shiryen dafuwa! "Za a iya magance wannan matsala idan muka yi amfani da waɗannan aladu don dafa abinci iri-iri, tun da asalin gida ne don wannan dalili."

Ɗaya daga cikin surori masu zuwa shine ainihin game da girke-girke don dafa alade, mai kama da dafa naman alade na yau da kullum. 

Cumberland yana mai da hankali sosai kan gaskiyar cewa samar da alade yana da matukar buƙata kuma, a nan gaba, masu shayarwa ya kamata su ba da haɗin kai don cimma burin haɓaka sabbin nau'ikan. Suna buƙatar ci gaba da tuntuɓar juna da musayar ra'ayoyi don taimaki juna, watakila ma shirya kulake a kowane birni:

"Lokacin da aka shirya kulake (kuma na yi imanin cewa za a kasance a kowane birni a cikin masarautar), ba zai yiwu ba a iya hasashen irin sakamako mai ban mamaki zai iya biyo baya."

Cumberland ya ƙare wannan babi tare da yadda ya kamata a yi la'akari da kowane nau'in gilt kuma ya bayyana manyan sigogi waɗanda ya kamata a yi la'akari: 

Alade masu laushi masu laushi

• Mafi kyawun Selfies na kowane launi
  
• Mafi Fari mai jajayen idanu
  
• Mafi kyawun Tortoiseshell
  
• Mafi Fari tare da baƙar kunnuwa 
  

Ana bayar da maki don:

• Gyara gajeren gashi
  
• Fayil na hanci square
  
• Manyan idanu masu taushi
  
• Launi mai tabo
  
• Alamar Tsara a cikin waɗanda ba Kai ba
  
• size 
  

Adadin Abyssiniya

• Mafi kyawun launi gilts
  
• Mafi kyawun Tortoiseshell Aladu 
  

Ana bayar da maki don:

• Tsawon ulu bai wuce inci 1.5 ba
  
• Hasken launi
  
• Faɗin kafada, wanda ya kamata ya zama mai ƙarfi
  
• gashin baki
  
• Rosettes akan ulu ba tare da faci ba a tsakiya
  
• size
  
• Mai nauyi
  
• motsi 

Ajin alade na Peruvian

• Mafi kyawun launi gilts
  
• Mafi kyawun Fari
  
• Mafi bambance bambancen
  
• Mafi kyawun fata tare da fararen kunnuwa
  
• Mafi Fari mai bakaken kunne da hanci
  
• Mafi kyawun aladu na kowane launi tare da gashin rataye, tare da gashi mafi tsayi 

Ana bayar da maki don:

• size
  
• Tsawon gashi, musamman a kai
  
• Tsaftar ulu, babu tangle
  
• Gabaɗaya lafiya da motsi 
  

Ah, idan Cumberland ya sami damar halartar aƙalla ɗaya daga cikin Nunin mu na zamani! Ashe ba zai yi mamakin irin sauye-sauyen nau'in aladu da aka samu ba tun daga wancan zamani mai nisa, nawa ne sabon nau'in ya bayyana! Wasu daga cikin hasashensa game da ci gaban masana'antar alade sun cika idan muka waiwaya baya muka kalli gonakin aladun mu a yau. 

Har ila yau, a cikin littafin akwai zane-zane da yawa waɗanda zan iya yin hukunci game da yawan nau'o'in irin su Dutch ko Tortoise sun canza. Wataƙila kuna iya hasashen yadda wannan littafin yake da rauni kuma dole ne in yi taka-tsan-tsan da shafukansa yayin karanta shi, amma duk da lalacewarsa, hakika yanki ne mai mahimmanci na tarihin alade! 

Source: Mujallar CAVIES.

© 2003 Alexandra Belousova Fassara