Orlovsky trotter

Tarihin irin

Orlovsky trotter, ko Orlov trotter, wani nau'in dawakai ne na haske-dawakai tare da kayyadaddun ikon gado na frisky trot, wanda ba shi da kwatance a cikin duniya.

An haife shi a Rasha, a cikin gonar ingarma na Khrenovsky (Lardin Voronezh), karkashin jagorancin mai shi Count AG Orlov a cikin rabin na biyu na karni na XNUMX - farkon karni na XNUMX ta hanyar hadaddun haye ta amfani da Larabci, Danish, Dutch, Mecklenburg , Friesian da sauran nau'ikan.

Orlovsky trotter ya samo sunansa daga sunan mahaliccinsa, Count Alexei Orlov-Chesmensky (1737-1808). Da yake masanin dawakai, Count Orlov ya sayi dawakai masu mahimmanci na nau'ikan iri daban-daban a cikin tafiye-tafiyensa a Turai da Asiya. Ya kuma yaba da dawakan irin na Larabawa, wadanda tsawon shekaru aru-aru ana ratsa su da nau’in dawaki da dama na Turawa domin inganta yanayin waje da na ciki na karshen.

Tarihin halittar Oryol trotter ya fara ne a cikin 1776, lokacin da Count Orlov ya kawo wa Rasha mafi daraja da kyan gani na Larabawa Smetanka. An saya shi kan adadi mai yawa - azurfa dubu 60 daga Sultan na Turkiyya bayan nasarar da aka samu a yakin da Turkiyya, kuma a karkashin kariya ta soja an aika ta kasa zuwa Rasha.

Smetanka ya kasance babba ga nau'insa kuma yana da kyan gani sosai, ya sami lakabin laƙabin sa mai launin toka mai haske, kusan fari, kamar kirim mai tsami.

Kamar yadda Count Orlov ya tsara, sabon nau'in dawakai ya kamata ya kasance yana da halaye masu zuwa: ya zama babba, kyakkyawa, jituwa cikin jituwa, kwanciyar hankali a ƙarƙashin sirdi, cikin kayan doki da garma, daidai da kyau a cikin fareti da yaƙi. Dole ne su kasance masu tauri a cikin matsanancin yanayi na Rasha kuma su yi tsayin daka da munanan hanyoyi. Amma babban abin da ake buƙata don waɗannan dawakai shine ƙwanƙwasa, ƙwanƙwasa, tunda doki mai yawo baya gajiya na dogon lokaci kuma yana girgiza karusar. A wancan zamani, dawakai kaɗan ne masu banƙyama a cikin tururuwa, kuma ana daraja su sosai. Dabbobi daban-daban waɗanda za su yi aiki a tsaye, trot mai haske ba su wanzu kwata-kwata.

Bayan mutuwar Orlov a 1808, da Khrenovsky shuka aka canjawa wuri zuwa management na serf Count VI Shishkin. Da yake kasancewa ƙwararren mai kiwon doki tun daga haihuwa da kuma lura da hanyoyin horo na Orlov, Shishkin ya ci gaba da aikin da ubangidansa ya fara don ƙirƙirar sabon nau'in, wanda yanzu ya buƙaci ƙarfafa halayen da suka dace - kyawawan siffofi, haske da alherin ƙungiyoyi da frisky, tsayayye trot.

Duk dawakai, duka a ƙarƙashin Orlov da Shishkin, an gwada su don ƙarfin hali, lokacin da dawakai daga shekaru uku suka tashi a cikin trot don 18 versts (kimanin kilomita 19) a kan hanyar Ostrov - Moscow. A lokacin rani, dawakai a cikin kayan aiki na Rasha tare da baka suna gudu a cikin droshky, a cikin hunturu - a cikin sleigh.

Count Orlov ya fara shaharar tseren Moscow a lokacin, wanda da sauri ya zama babban nishaɗi ga Muscovites. A lokacin rani, an gudanar da tseren Moscow a filin Donskoy, a cikin hunturu - a kan kankara na Kogin Moscow. Dawakan sun yi gudu a cikin wani kwarjini mai ƙarfi, sauye-sauye zuwa gallop (rashin nasara) jama'a sun yi ta ba'a da ihu.

Godiya ga Oryol trotters, trotting wasanni da aka haife a Rasha, sa'an nan a Turai, inda aka rayayye fitar da su daga 1850s - 1860s. Har zuwa 1870s, Oryol trotters sun kasance mafi kyau a cikin nau'ikan daftarin haske, an yi amfani da su sosai don inganta kayan doki a Rasha kuma an shigo da su zuwa Yammacin Turai da Amurka.

Nauyin ya haɗu da halayen babban doki mai kyau, mai kauri, doki mai haske, mai iya ɗaukar keken keke mai nauyi a ƙwanƙwasa, sauƙi mai jurewa zafi da sanyi yayin aiki. Daga cikin mutanen, an ba wa Oryol trotter halaye "karkashin ruwa da gwamna" da "garma da fa'ida." Oryol trotters sun zama masu sha'awar gasa na kasa da kasa da kuma Nunin Dokin Duniya.

Siffofin na waje na irin

Oryol trotters suna cikin manyan dawakai. Tsayi a bushes 157-170 cm, matsakaicin nauyi 500-550 kg.

Oryol trotter na zamani wani doki ne da aka gina cikin jituwa, tare da ƙarami, busasshen kai, babban wuyansa mai tsayi mai lanƙwasa kamar swan, mai ƙarfi, baya mai tsoka da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙafafu.

Launuka da aka fi sani sune launin toka, launin toka mai haske, ja jajayen launin toka, launin toka mai laushi, da launin toka mai duhu. Sau da yawa akwai kuma bay, baki, ƙananan sau da yawa - ja da launin roan. Brown (janye da wutsiya baƙar fata ko duhu mai launin ruwan kasa da mane) da kuma nightingale (rawaya mai wutsiya mai haske da mane) Oryol trotters suna da wuya sosai, amma kuma ana samun su.

Aikace-aikace da nasarori

Orlovsky trotter wani nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i) wanda ba shi da analogues a duniya. Bugu da ƙari ga tseren tsere, ana iya samun nasarar amfani da babban ƙwaƙƙwaran Oryol trotter a kusan kowane nau'in wasanni na wasan dawaki - sutura, tsalle-tsalle, tuƙi da kuma hawan mai son kawai. Misali mai kyau na wannan shi ne Balagur, ɗan rawa mai haske, wanda tare da mahayinsa Alexandra Korelova, sun sha lashe gasa daban-daban na riguna na hukuma da na kasuwanci a Rasha da kuma ƙasashen waje.

Korelova da Balagur, wadanda suka mamaye matsayi a cikin kasashe hamsin na kungiyar dawaki ta kasa da kasa, sun kasance na daya a Rasha na dogon lokaci kuma sun dauki mafi kyawu a cikin dukkan mahayan Rasha, na 25, a gasar Olympics ta Athens ta 2004.