Rashin gazawar koda a cikin karnuka

Alamomin cutar

Ayyukan kodan a cikin jiki sun bambanta - sun haɗa da ba kawai rawar da ke tattare da su ba, amma har ma da shiga cikin metabolism na sunadarai, carbohydrates da lipids, daidaita ma'aunin acid-base, matsa lamba osmotic, ma'auni na ruwa, hawan jini, da dai sauransu. Dangane da haka, tare da ci gaban cutar a cikin jiki yana damuwa da babban adadin matakai, kuma alamun matsalolin koda a cikin karnuka na iya zama daban-daban. Misali, waɗannan na iya zama alamun cututtukan gastrointestinal, ciwon sukari mellitus, urolithiasis, cutar danko, a wasu lokuta, har ma kuna iya zargin kasancewar wani baƙon jiki a ciki ko hanji.

Babban alamun gazawar koda a cikin karnuka sun haɗa da:

• ƙin ci ko asarar ci;

• amai;

• lethargy, ciki;

• wari mara dadi daga baki;

• ƙãra ƙishirwa;

• yawan fitsari;

• asarar nauyi.

Kamar yadda za mu iya gani, bayyanar cututtuka na cutar suna halayyar nau'in cututtuka masu yawa, don haka ya kamata a tabbatar da ganewar asali ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje. A cikin asibitin, dole ne ku yi bincike mai zuwa:

• yi gwajin jini na gabaɗaya da sinadarai;

• yi gwajin fitsari na gaba ɗaya;

• yi duban dan tayi na rami na ciki;

• auna karfin jini (tonometry);

• don ware wasu cututtuka masu irin wannan bayyanar cututtuka, yana da kyawawa don gudanar da x-ray na rami na ciki.

Dangane da sakamakon binciken, ana iya gano takamaiman alamun gazawar koda a cikin karnuka:

• karuwa a cikin urea, creatinine, phosphorus a biochemistry;

• anemia bisa ga gwajin jini na gaba ɗaya;

• proteinuria, hematuria, rage yawan fitsari;

• karuwa a cikin karfin jini akan tonometry.

Idan aka ba da damar ajiyar kodan, aƙalla kashi 60-70% na ƙwayar koda dole ne su mutu don haɓakar alamun cutar, kuma har sai kare na iya samun alamun kasancewar cutar. A farkon matakan cutar koda, adadin matattun nephrons na iya kaiwa zuwa 75%! Rashin hasashe mara kyau na cutar yana hade da wannan siffa - a lokacin da dabba yana da alamun cutar kuma yana yiwuwa a yi ganewar asali, a matsayin mai mulkin, babu abin da za a iya yi don taimakawa. Wani abin da ke haifar da mummunan sakamako shine gaskiyar cewa sau da yawa masu mallakar ba sa ma gane cewa kare yana da matsalolin koda, rubuta duk alamun tsufa kuma kada ku je asibitin dabbobi.

Rashin gazawar koda (ARF)

Rashin gazawar koda a cikin karnuka wani ciwo ne da ke tasowa a sakamakon mummunan rauni na aikin koda kuma yana tare da azotemia (watau karuwa a cikin urea da creatinine a cikin gwajin jini), rikice-rikice na ruwa da ma'auni na electrolyte da ma'auni na acid-base.

Dalilan ci gaban OPN sun hada da:

• cin zarafi na tsarin jini a sakamakon girgiza, asarar jini, cututtukan zuciya, thrombosis na koda da sauran yanayi mai tsanani;

• amfani da magungunan nephrotoxic, irin su wasu maganin rigakafi, magungunan da ba steroidal anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive da chemotherapy kwayoyi, ko guba tare da nephrotoxic abubuwa, kamar ethylene glycol;

• kasancewar cututtuka masu tsanani na tsarin jiki, cututtuka na autoimmune, cututtuka masu yaduwa (misali, leptospirosis), da dai sauransu.

Bincike yana da rikitarwa bisa:

1. Tarihin halayen (shan magani ko wasu abubuwan nephrotoxic, tiyata, rauni, da sauransu);

2. Alamomi na musamman (ƙi cin abinci ba zato ba tsammani, rashin tausayi, amai, gudawa, warin baki, jijjiga, rashin daidaituwa a sararin samaniya da raguwar adadin samuwar fitsari har zuwa rashin fitsari gaba daya);

3. Ta hanyar binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje:

   • gwajin jini zai iya gano karuwar hematocrit, karuwa a yawan adadin leukocytes tare da lymphopenia;

   • Dangane da nazarin halittu na jini, ana lura da haɓaka haɓakar abun ciki na urea, creatinine, phosphorus, potassium da glucose;

   • urinalysis yana ƙayyade raguwar yawan fitsari, proteinuria, glucosuria;

   • sakamakon X-ray da duban dan tayi a cikin m ci gaban da tsari, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba su canzawa. 

Yaya tsawon lokacin da kare ya rage ya rayu idan koda ta gaza ya dogara da girman lalacewarsu, saurin tuntuɓar asibitin da kuma daidaitaccen maganin da aka rubuta.

Rashin gazawar koda na yau da kullun (CRF) a cikin karnuka

Na kullum renal gazawar - pathological yanayin jiki halin da irreversible lalacewa ga kodan, da take hakkin da excretion na nitrogen metabolism kayayyakin daga jiki da kuma cuta na da yawa iri homeostasis (wato, da dangi constancy na ciki yanayi. jiki).

Ana iya la'akari da wannan cuta a matsayin mataki na ƙarshe na ci gaba da cututtuka daban-daban na koda: cututtuka na haihuwa, glomerulonephritis, amyloidosis, pyelonephritis, nephrolithiasis, polycystic cuta da sauransu. Yawancin waɗannan cututtukan za a iya yin su ne kawai ta hanyar biopsy (ɗaukar wani yanki na gabobin don histology), saboda haka, a mafi yawan lokuta, suna magana ne akan nephropathy na yau da kullun a matsayin ƙarshe.

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, lalacewa zuwa fiye da 75% na yawan ƙwayar koda yana haifar da rushewar kodan: aikin maida hankali yana raguwa (wanda ke haifar da raguwa a yawan fitsari), akwai jinkiri a cikin fitar da nitrogen. samfuran metabolism (wannan shine mataki na ƙarshe na metabolism na furotin a cikin jiki), kuma a ƙarshen mataki CRF a cikin karnuka yana haɓaka uremia - guba na jiki tare da samfuran lalata. Har ila yau, kodan suna samar da hormone erythropoietin, wanda ke da alhakin hadawar kwayoyin jajayen jini - don haka, lokacin da kodan ya kasa, kira na hormone yana raguwa kuma anemia yana tasowa a hankali.

Kamar yadda yake a cikin m Pathology, ganewar asali na kullum renal gazawar da aka yi a kan dalilai na anamnesis da halayyar jarrabawa sakamakon: hypoplastic anemia, ƙara creatinine da jini urea nitrogen, hyperphosphatemia, acidosis, hyperkalemia an gano. Rage yawan fitsari (a cikin karnuka da ke ƙasa da 1,025 hl), matsakaicin proteinuria kuma yana yiwuwa (protein a cikin fitsari yana ƙaruwa).

A kan rediyon rediyo idan akwai gazawar koda a cikin karnuka, ana iya gano tsarin kodan mara daidaituwa da raguwar girman su, bisa ga duban dan tayi - tsarin daban-daban, sclerosis na parenchyma, cikakken asarar yadudduka (lalacewar cortico-medullary bambanci. ), raguwar girman gabobin.

Dangane da ƙimar tattarawar creatinine a cikin jini, ana rarrabe matakai 4 na CRF a cikin karnuka:

1. nonazotemic mataki - wannan zai iya haɗawa da duk wani cin zarafi na kodan ba tare da wani dalili da aka gano a fili ba wanda ke hade da kasancewar nephropathy. Canje-canje na farko a cikin kodan ta hanyar duban dan tayi za'a iya ganowa, a cikin fitsari - karuwa a cikin adadin furotin da raguwa a cikin yawa. Dangane da biochemistry na jini, ana lura da karuwar abun ciki na creatinine (amma a cikin kewayon al'ada).

2. M renal azotemia Ma'aunin creatinine na jini shine 125-180 μmol. Ƙananan ƙananan ƙimar creatinine uXNUMXbuXNUMXb na iya zama bambancin al'ada, amma a wannan mataki, duk wani rikici a cikin aikin tsarin urinary an riga an lura da shi a cikin dabbobin gida. Alamun gazawar koda a cikin karnuka na iya zama mai laushi ko babu.

3. Matsakaicin renal azotemia Ma'aunin creatinine na jini shine 181-440 μmol. A wannan mataki, a matsayin mai mulkin, alamun cututtuka daban-daban na cutar sun riga sun kasance.

4. Azotemia mai tsanani na koda - darajar creatinine sama da 441 μmol. A wannan mataki, ana lura da bayyanar cututtuka masu tsanani da kuma alamun bayyanar cututtuka.

Maganin gazawar koda a cikin karnuka

Don haka, idan kare yana da ciwon koda, zai iya warkewa? Dabarun jiyya da damar kawar da gazawar koda a cikin karnuka sun bambanta sosai dangane da nau'in sa.

Ana gudanar da maganin gazawar koda mai tsanani ne kawai a asibiti a ƙarƙashin kulawar likita akai-akai. An ba da takamaiman magani (pathogenetic), da nufin kawar da dalilin cutar. Ana aiwatar da maganin jijiya na Symptomatic akai-akai don daidaita ma'aunin ruwa-electrolyte da ma'aunin acid-base, da kuma cire gubobi. Ana kula da gwaje-gwajen jini, yanayin gaba ɗaya na mai haƙuri, adadin fitsarin da aka raba kowace rana - don wannan, catheterization na mafitsara da shigar da fitsari ya zama dole.

Lokacin ci gaba da ci, an ba da abinci na musamman don gazawar koda a cikin karnuka, tare da amai da rashin abinci - dole ne a ba da kayan abinci mai mahimmanci a cikin jini ko ta tubes na musamman (binciken nasoesophageal, da dai sauransu).

Idan akwai mai tsanani maye, rashi ko kusan cikar dakatarwar samar da fitsari da rashin tasirin magani mai ra'ayin mazan jiya a cikin kwanaki 1-3 na farko na asibiti, ana ba da shawarar dialysis (wannan shine aiwatar da cire kayan sharar gida na wucin gadi da wuce haddi ruwa daga jiki).

Tare da ci gaban m koda gazawar kowane etiology, da Pet mai shi dole ne ya fahimci cewa tsinkayar cutar ne a hankali har zuwa m, daban-daban rikitarwa iya yiwuwa a cikin shakka daga cikin jiyya. Har ila yau, kuna buƙatar zama a shirye don asibiti na dogon lokaci mai tsada - lokacin ƙoƙarin kula da dabbar dabba a cikin yanayi mai tsanani a gida, za ku iya rasa lokaci, sa'an nan kuma an rage yiwuwar dawowa. Amma tare da dacewa da magani mai dacewa, kare yana da kowane dama don samun cikakkiyar farfadowa da farfadowa.

Maganin gazawar koda na yau da kullun a cikin karnuka na iya zama alama ce kawai. A wannan yanayin, yana da mahimmanci a gane gaskiyar cewa CRF cuta ce mai ci gaba, wacce ba za a iya jurewa ba tare da sakamako mai mutuwa: idan an ba dabbar 4 (tashar) mataki, to, wataƙila ba zai rayu fiye da wata ɗaya ba.

Yayin da ake ci gaba da ci a cikin dabba tare da CRF, babban abu shine bin abinci na musamman (ka'idodin da za mu tattauna a kasa) da kuma kimanta gwajin jini a tsawon lokaci.

A gaban amai da ƙin cin abinci, ana amfani da magungunan antiemetic (kamar maropitant, metoclopramide), da magungunan gastroprotective (sucralfate) da H2 antagonists (ranitidine).

Tare da karuwar adadin phosphorus a cikin ilimin halittar jini, an ba da magungunan da ke ɗaure phosphorus a cikin hanji, abin da ake kira phosphate binders (misali, ipakitine), an tsara su.

Tare da ci gaba da ƙin ci, amai mara ƙarfi, da sauran alamun maye na uremic, ana buƙatar jiyya na marasa lafiya tare da maganin jijiya da lura da gwajin jini don daidaita dabbar.

Hakanan, tare da haɓakar CRF a cikin dabbobin gida, ana lura da haɓakar hawan jini sau da yawa, don sarrafa abin da aka wajabta masu hanawar enzyme angiotensin (ACE inhibitors) tare da kulawar wajibi na proteinuria da azotemia (tunda waɗannan kwayoyi na iya cutar da su). tsananin CRF).

Lokacin da yanayin dabbar ya daidaita, ana tantance yanayin cutar da tasirin magani lokaci-lokaci. Tare da matsakaicin yanayin cutar, yana da kyau a bincika kare sau ɗaya a kowane watanni 1.

Yaya tsawon karnuka tare da CRF suna rayuwa ya dogara da mataki da yanayin ci gaban cutar. Maganin dogon lokaci ba shi da kyau, cutar ta shiga cikin mataki na ƙarshe a cikin 'yan watanni ko shekaru.

Diet

Bari muyi magana game da abinci mai gina jiki a cikin gazawar koda. Cin abinci yana daya daga cikin mahimman hanyoyin kiyaye jiki da rage saurin bayyanar cututtuka a cikin cututtukan koda na yau da kullun, kuma a cikin matsanancin gazawar koda yana daya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da ake amfani da su na jiyya. Bugu da ƙari, amsar tambayar tsawon lokacin da kare da ke da gazawar koda zai rayu ya dogara da tsarin abinci mai kyau.

Manufofin magungunan abinci don gazawar koda a cikin karnuka sun haɗa da:

• samar da jiki da cikakken kuzari;

• taimako na bayyanar cututtuka na cututtukan koda da uremic maye;

• matsakaicin yiwuwar rage cin zarafi na ruwa, electrolyte, bitamin, ma'adinai da ma'aunin acid-base;

• rage jinkirin ci gaban gazawar koda.

Na gaba, za mu tsaya a kan manyan abubuwan da ke cikin abinci don gazawar koda.

Don rage haɗarin rushewar furotin a cikin jiki, wanda ke haifar da asarar nauyi kuma yana kara yawan maye, ya zama dole don samar da dabbar da ke da isasshen adadin kuzari mai sauƙi. Ya kamata a tuna cewa abubuwan da ba na gina jiki ba sun haɗa da carbohydrates da fats. Lokacin tsara abinci ga karnuka masu ciwon koda, yawanci ana ƙara yawan kitse, wanda ke ƙara yawan kuzarin abinci, inganta jin daɗin sa da jin daɗi.

Saboda babban abinci mai gina jiki yana kara tsananta yanayin nephropathy, ya kamata a yi amfani da sunadaran masu inganci a cikin matsakaici lokacin haɓaka abinci. An tabbatar da cewa raguwar adadin furotin ta hanyar iyakance cin abinci na amino acid marasa mahimmanci zai iya rage tarin abubuwan da ake samu na nitrogen metabolism kuma, a sakamakon haka, rage bayyanar cututtuka na asibiti.

Ba ƙaramin mahimmanci ba shine rage yawan adadin phosphorus a cikin abinci, wanda (tabbatar) yana ƙara yawan rayuwar karnuka, yana hana raguwar adadin calcium a cikin jiki (saboda haɓakar hyperparathyroidism na biyu) kuma, sakamakon haka. , yana rage jinkirin ci gaban osteodystrophy da calcification na kyallen takarda mai laushi.

Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a iyakance sodium (wanda shine ɓangare na gishirin tebur) a cikin abinci don rage hauhawar jini (wanda shine sakamakon cututtukan koda).

Ya kamata a la'akari da cewa ana fitar da bitamin masu narkewar ruwa a cikin fitsari, saboda haka, tare da polyuria a kan tushen cututtukan koda, rashi yana yiwuwa. Wannan asarar bitamin na iya taimakawa ga anorexia, don haka ciyarwa ya kamata a ƙara da bitamin masu narkewa da ruwa.

Ƙara yawan adadin fiber na abinci yana nunawa ga cututtuka na koda, kamar yadda suke tare da raguwa a cikin motsi na hanji, kuma fiber na abinci zai iya inganta yanayin da motsi na gastrointestinal tract.

Don haka, idan an ciyar da kare da kyau a gaban gazawar koda, maganin rage cin abinci shine babbar hanyar da ta dace don kawar da alamun asibiti na uremia a cikin dabbobi. Kuma likitan dabbobi na iya zaɓar abincin da ya dace don gazawar koda: haka kuma, yana iya zama ko dai abincin masana'antu da aka shirya (kamar Royal Canin Renal, Hill's K / d, Purina NF), ko tsarin abinci na gida ɗaya (yawanci tushen tushen). akan naman sa, dankali da man kayan lambu).

Labarin ba kiran aiki bane!

Don ƙarin cikakken nazarin matsalar, muna ba da shawarar tuntuɓar gwani.

Tambayi likitan dabbobi

Oktoba 8 2020

An sabunta: 13 ga Fabrairu, 2021