Anemia a cikin karnuka

Akwai anemias na farfadowa (tare da isasshen aikin kasusuwa), wanda ke tasowa bayan zubar jini ko hemolysis, da kuma rashin farfadowa, ko hypoplastic, tare da raguwa ko hana gaba daya erythropoiesis, alal misali, sakamakon cututtuka na kasusuwa.

Anemia ba wata cuta ce ta musamman ba, amma alama ce da ke faruwa a cikin karnuka tare da nau'o'in pathologies.

Abubuwan da ke haifar da Anemia a cikin karnuka

Menene zai iya zama abubuwan da ke haifar da ƙananan jajayen ƙwayoyin jini, haemoglobin da hematocrit a cikin karnuka? Yawancin pathologies na iya haifar da ci gaban anemia a cikin karnuka, anan sune mafi yawansu:

• kasancewar zub da jini a sakamakon rauni ko ulcers a cikin sashin gastrointestinal;

• ciyar da rashin daidaituwa (rashin ƙarfe ko jan ƙarfe a cikin abinci);

• rashin isasshen samar da hormone erythropoietin, wanda ke motsa samuwar jajayen sel a cikin bargo (misali, a cikin gazawar koda na yau da kullun, hypothyroidism);

• maye (guba da karafa masu nauyi, kayan abinci irin su albasa da tafarnuwa);

• lalacewa mai guba ga maƙarƙashiyar ƙashi ta wasu magunguna, irin su magungunan cutar kansa, phenylbutazone, chloramphenicol, da sauransu;

• cututtuka masu yaduwa (piroplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, parvovirus enteritis);

• kazalika da daban-daban pathological tafiyar matakai a cikin kasusuwan kasusuwa na iya haifar da anemia a cikin karnuka (myelodysplasia, myelo- da lymphoproliferative cututtuka, metastases).

Nau'in anemia

Anemia mai farfadowa

Anemia mai farfadowa yawanci yana tasowa ne sakamakon asarar jini ko hemolysis (wato tsarin lalata jajayen ƙwayoyin jini). Tare da asarar jini (sakamakon rauni, ulcers ko wasu hanyoyin tafiyar da cututtuka), adadin jajayen jini yana raguwa, amma ana kiyaye rayuwarsu ta al'ada. Tare da anemia hemolytic a cikin karnuka, rayuwar rayuwar jajayen jini ya ragu - sun fara rushewa kafin lokaci. Haka kuma, a cikin anemia na hemolytic, karfin marrow na kasusuwa yakan yi yawa, domin a lokacin zubar jini, iron yana fitowa daga jiki tare da jajayen kwayoyin halitta, kuma a lokacin hemolysis, yana shiga cikin jini kuma ana amfani da shi wajen hada haemoglobin. . Misalin da aka fi sani da shi a kasarmu shi ne ci gaban anemia mai shiga tsakani na garkuwar jiki a cikin karnuka a kan tushen piroplasmosis (cutar da ke yaduwa ta hanyar cizon kaska).

Anemia mara farfadowa

Babban alamar cutar anemia mara farfadowa (hypoplastic) shine hanawa mai kaifi na erythropoiesis, wato, sabbin ƙwayoyin jinin jini sun daina samarwa. A wannan yanayin, za a iya lura kawai take hakkin erythropoiesis, a lokacin da kawai adadin erythrocytes a cikin jini ya ragu, da kuma a total rauni na kasusuwa kasusuwa, a lokacin da adadin erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets rage a cikin jini (so. wanda ake kira pancytopenia).

Hypoplastic anemia wani yanayi ne na biyu, don haka yawanci alamun cutar da ke faruwa suna bayyana a baya fiye da ainihin alamun anemia. Don haka, alal misali, a cikin gazawar koda na yau da kullun, masu mallakar za su fara kula da ƙara yawan ƙishirwa, yawan fitsari, asarar nauyi da wari daga bakin, a gaban neoplasms - alamar farko zata zama cachexia (mafi girman gajiyar jiki). a gaban cututtukan cututtuka na endocrin a cikin karnuka - gashin gashi na asymmetrical na biyu, da dai sauransu.

Tare da anemia marasa farfadowa, bayyanar cututtuka sukan tasowa sannu a hankali, amma mummunan yanayin cutar da ke ciki na iya haifar da ci gaba mai tsanani na anemia (pallor, rashin tausayi, saurin bugun zuciya da numfashi). Don anemia mai farfadowa, kwatsam bayyanar cututtuka ta fi dacewa.

Alamomin Anemia a cikin karnuka

Alamomin anemia a cikin karnuka sun dogara ne akan adadin asarar jini, karfin ramawa na jiki, da tsananin aikin. A wasu lokuta, duka tare da anemia mai tsanani da na yau da kullum, mai shi bazai kula da canje-canje a cikin halin dabba ba.

A matsayinka na mai mulki, tare da asarar jini mai tsanani, alamun sune kamar haka:

• kasala;

• kumburi na mucous membranes;

• alamun girgiza;

• alamun jini na gani (a gaban jini na ciki, ana iya samun baƙar fata - alamar jini mai narkewa).

Tare da asarar jini na yau da kullun, zaku iya lura:

• kumburi na mucous membranes;

• rashin tausayi, rashin tausayi na dabba;

• rage haƙuri ga aikin jiki;

• ana iya samun suma;

• karkatar da abinci ya zama ruwan dare.

Amma, duk da cewa bayyanar cututtuka na iya nuna a fili kasancewar anemia a cikin dabbar dabba, yana da mahimmanci don gudanar da gwaje-gwaje na dakin gwaje-gwaje - aƙalla ƙaddamar da gwajin jini na gaba ɗaya - don gano nau'in anemia, dalilinsa da tsananin cutar.

kanikancin

Don gano anemia da kuma ƙayyade nau'insa, a matsayin mai mulkin, gwajin jini na gabaɗaya, wanda aka tabbatar ta hanyar binciken cytological na smear jini, ya isa.

Tare da anemia mai farfadowa, bisa ga gwajin jini na gabaɗaya, an lura da raguwar haemoglobin, hematocrit, da adadin jan jini. A wasu lokuta, don yin ganewar asali, ya isa kawai don nazarin digo na jini a cikin karnuka don hematocrit - za a sauke shi. Wani lokaci akwai canji a cikin siffar da tabo na erythrocytes - anisocytosis da polychromasia. Matsakaicin adadin erythrocytes yana ƙaruwa ko a cikin kewayon al'ada, matsakaicin matakin haemoglobin a cikin erythrocyte a cikin karnuka yana raguwa ko a cikin kewayon al'ada.

Tare da anemia hemolytic, ana samun takamaiman canje-canje na waje a cikin erythrocytes - spherocytosis ko schizocytosis.

Babban bambanci tsakanin anemia mai sake farfadowa da rashin farfadowa shine karuwa a cikin nau'o'in nau'in jajayen jini marasa girma ("matasa") - reticulocytes (wato, reticulocytosis) da raguwa a cikin hematocrit. Amma a farkon matakin anemia na farfadowa, ana iya rage adadin reticulocytes (kamar a cikin anemia hypoplastic) - a irin wannan yanayi, ana iya buƙatar huda kasusuwa don sanin irin anemia. Tare da anemia mai farfadowa, an gano hyperplasia na kasusuwa, kuma tare da hypoplastic ba ya nan.

Idan ana zargin autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIGA a cikin karnuka), ana yin gwajin antiglobulin kai tsaye na musamman, gwajin Coombs,. Kasancewar ƙwayoyin rigakafi ga erythrocytes, spherocytosis da polychromasia sun tabbatar da ganewar asali.

Binciken cytological na smear na jini ba shi da mahimmanci fiye da gwajin jini na yau da kullum wanda mai nazari ya yi - a cewarsa, likitan dakin gwaje-gwaje yana gudanar da cikakken nazarin kwayoyin halitta na tsarin salula na jini, wanda ke taimakawa wajen tabbatar da nau'in da kuma dalilin. anemia.

Anemia a cikin karnuka

A cikin 'yan kwikwiyo, anemia na iya faruwa a sakamakon rashin daidaito ciyarwa, kasancewar helminthic infestation, ko kwayar cutar hoto kamar parvovirus enteritis. Abin baƙin ciki, duk da tartsatsi alurar riga kafi, parvovirus enteritis ne na kowa da kuma wuya a bi da cuta. Amma, an yi sa'a, hanyoyin ramawa a cikin ƙwanƙwasa suna da kyau sosai, kuma lokacin da aka dakatar da cutar, anemia a cikin karnuka da sauri ya ɓace.

Maganin Anemia a cikin karnuka

Sau da yawa, masu su kan tambayi likitoci irin waɗannan tambayoyin: "Me zan yi idan kare yana da ƙananan haemoglobin?" ko "Shin kare na yana buƙatar ƙarin jini?" Amma, kafin yin maganin anemia a cikin kare, kuna buƙatar gano dalilin da ya haifar da shi.

Da farko, an wajabta takamaiman magani don cutar: alal misali, idan kare yana da cututtukan jini-parasitic, ana amfani da magungunan da ke aiki akan ƙwayoyin cuta don magani. Idan anemia a cikin kare yana haifar da ciwon koda na yau da kullum, ya zama dole a dauki cutar da ke karkashin kulawa kuma a gudanar da tsarin hormone erythropoietin. Idan anemia ya haifar da rashin isasshen abinci, to, likitan dabbobi zai amsa tambayar yadda ake tayar da haemoglobin a cikin kare.

Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa sarrafa kai na baƙin ƙarfe, cyanocobalamin da folic acid kari, mafi mahimmanci, ba zai kawo wani amfani ga dabbar ba, kuma lokacin da aka rasa na iya cutar da lafiyarsa. Gabaɗaya, dabarun jiyya na iya bambanta sosai da tsananin cutar anemia da bayyanar cututtuka a cikin karnuka.

Tare da jinkirin ci gaban anemia a cikin jiki, hanyoyin ramawa suna da lokaci don samarwa, sabili da haka anemia matsakaici (hematocrit fiye da 25%), a matsayin mai mulkin, baya buƙatar kulawar kulawa. A cikin anemia mai tsanani (hematocrit da ke ƙasa 15-20%), furotin oxygen yana tasowa, saboda haka, ya zama dole don iyakance aikin jiki da ƙarin jini.

Anemia mai tsanani na hypoplastic, wanda zai iya haɗuwa da ciwon daji da sauran yanayi mai tsanani, sau da yawa yana hade da rashin fahimta kuma yana buƙatar magani na dogon lokaci.

Idan akwai rashin lafiya mai tsanani, dole ne a tantance hematocrit da smear na jini sau ɗaya a kowace rana 1-1, tare da kwanciyar hankali na dabba da kuma tsarin rayuwa - kowane mako 2-1.

Anemia mai saurin farfadowa yana buƙatar kulawar gaggawa. Tare da zubar da jini mai yawa, girgiza da maye suna yiwuwa, don haka ya zama dole don isar da dabbar zuwa asibiti da wuri-wuri, inda za a taimaka masa. A cikin kwanaki uku na farko, za a nuna wa dabbar jiko jiko, idan ya cancanta, ƙarin jini.

Yawancin shirye-shiryen ƙarfe ana rubuta su ta baki ko a cikin jijiya don karnuka. Duk da haka, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa yana da ma'ana don amfani da kayan ƙarfe na ƙarfe a gaban anemia rashi na baƙin ƙarfe, wanda ba shi da wuya a cikin karnuka. Irin wannan nau'in anemia yana tasowa tare da asarar jini na tsawon lokaci da rashin isasshen abinci; Ana buƙatar gwaje-gwaje na musamman don tabbatar da ganewar asali (ma'auni na matakin hormone ferritin, ƙima na ƙarfin haɗin ƙarfe, da sauran hanyoyin).

Don anemia hemolytic a cikin karnuka, an ba da takamaiman magani.

Ana kimanta tasirin jiyya ta hanyar gwajin jini na gaba ɗaya, a matakin farko - yau da kullun, tare da daidaita yanayin - kowane kwanaki 3-5. Yawancin lokaci, tare da dakatar da asarar jini mai tsanani, ana dawo da adadin jajayen jinin a cikin kwanaki 14.

Diet

Abincin don anemia shine daidaitacce kuma daidaitaccen abinci. Lokacin ciyar da karnuka tare da abinci na masana'antu na musamman, anemia ba zai faru ba. Amma idan kun ciyar da kare daga tebur, abinci mai cin ganyayyaki, to ba za a iya kauce wa matsalolin ba. Abincin gwangwani na gwangwani, wanda yawancin masu shi ke ƙauna, yana da haɗari musamman ga karnuka - sau da yawa ya ƙunshi albasa da tafarnuwa a cikin adadin da aka ba da izini ga yara a matsayin mai haɓaka dandano, amma a cikin karnuka suna iya haifar da anemia na hemolytic. Haka kuma an haramta shi sosai don ƙara albasa da tafarnuwa a abinci: cin albasa ko tafarnuwa a cikin nauyin 5 g / kg na nauyin jiki yana da guba kuma yana haifar da rashin lafiya mai tsanani.

rigakafin

Tunda anemia ba cuta ce mai zaman kanta ba, rigakafi ya ƙunshi kawar da abubuwan da ke haifar da shi.

Na farko, daidaitaccen abinci ne ga dabbobi. Idan ba ku son ciyar da abincin da aka shirya na kare ku, ku tabbata ku nemi taimakon likitan abinci na dabbobi don taimako wajen tsara tsarin abinci na mutum ɗaya. Misali, masana abinci mai gina jiki a cikin aikace-aikacen wayar hannu na Petstory zasu taimaka muku ƙirƙirar irin wannan abincin. Kuna iya sauke shi daga mahaɗin.

Na biyu, allurar rigakafi. Alurar riga kafi akan lokaci kawai bisa tsarin tsare-tsaren da likitocin dabbobi suka amince da shi zai iya kare dabbobi daga kamuwa da cututtuka masu tsanani da ke haifar da anemia ko ma mutuwa.

Na uku, dole ne mu manta game da wajibi na yau da kullum jiyya na parasites - na ciki (helminths) da kuma na waje (fleas da ticks).

Na huɗu, ba ƙaramin mahimmanci ba shine gwajin likita na yau da kullun na dabbobi don gano alamun cutar a farkon matakin. Ana nuna tsofaffin dabbobi aƙalla sau ɗaya a shekara don yin gwajin jini don rigakafi - gabaɗaya da biochemical.

Labarin ba kiran aiki bane!

Don ƙarin cikakken nazarin matsalar, muna ba da shawarar tuntuɓar gwani.

Tambayi likitan dabbobi

Oktoba 13 2020

An sabunta: 13 ga Fabrairu, 2021